Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

Unit 4 Space Exploration Period 3 Discovering useful structures 1 1. To make such a mistake is foolish. 主语 2. I wish to learn English well . 宾语 3. My ambition is to become a doctor. 表语 观察下面to do部分在句中所作的成分   动词不定式在句子中一般做主宾表 Revision 2 5. I hurried to the train station only to find that the train has left. 4. She was the first person to think of such a good idea. 6. Father will not allow us to play on the street. 宾语补足语 定语 状语 动词不定式在句子中一般做定状补 3 动词不定式形式为“to do” 。动词不定式可在句中作___________、___________、_________、___________、_____________和___________，但是不能单独作___________。 主语 宾语 表语 定语 宾语补足语 状语 谓语 Summary Part One The Infinitive as the Attributive (动词不定式用作定语) 1. We must find a person to do the work. 2. There are lots of interesting things to see. 3. They got the order to leave the city. 动词不定式作定语通常放在名词、代词或不定代词的后面作后置定语。 动词不定式作定语一般与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系、动宾关系、或同位关系。 主谓关系 动宾关系 同位关系 Infinitive as attribute 一、不定式作定语的位置和关系 6 1.We must find a person to do the work. 不定式与被修饰的名词或不定代词有逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系时，此时的不定式在意义上相当于一个定语从句。 Infinitive as attribute 拓展补充练习 We must find a person who does the work. 2. The meeting to be held will be put off next week. The meeting that will be held will be put off next week. 7 1. She is the first graduate to get an offer in the big company. 2. He is the only one to survive the accident. 3. This is the third question to be discussed. 当名词被序数词，形容词最高级或 the only, the next, the last, the right修饰，若该名词是作定语的非谓语动词的执行者时，用不定式主动形式（to do）作定语。若该名词是作定语的非谓语动词的承受者时，用不定式被动形式（to be done）作定语。 Infinitive as attribute 二、不定式作定语（名词被特定词修饰） 8 1. In the past, women had no chance to go to school. 2. He made an attempt to be admitted to the big company. 3. A good teacher must have the ability to make himself understood. 4. I must keep the promise to pay on time. 5. His eagerness to get back home was quite obvious. 有些抽象名词后常跟不定式作定语，如：wish, decision, chance, promise, plan, time, attempt, effort, ability, eagerness等。 Infinitive as attribute 三、不定式作定语与特定名词连用 9 1. The letter to be written is to my father. 2. The matter to be settled is important. 3. I have a lot of things to do tomorrow. Infinitive as attribute 四、不定式作定语表示未来将要发生的动作 有些名词后常跟不定式作定语，表示将要发生的动作。 10 1. I have nothing to fear but fear itself. 2. Do you have anything to say? 3. There is nothing to worry about/ to be worried about. 4. Please give me something to drink. Infinitive as attribute 五、不定式作定语修饰复合不定代词 something, anything, nothing, everything 等复合不定代词常用不定式作后置定语；常用于have/give/show sth to do和there be sth to do句型中,此句型中动词不定式作定语常用主动形式表被动意义。 11 1. Give me a pen to write with. 2. He is looking for a room to live in. 3. There is nothing to worry about. 4. Here is a piece of paper for you to write on. 作定语的动词不定式如果是不及物动词或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。 Infinitive as attribute 注意：不定式加介词作定语 12 summary attribute 定语 to do 1.放在被修饰名词后面,常表示将要发生的动作； 2.普通名词被序数词、最高级、 the only 、the next等修饰时； 3.抽象名词后：dream, desire，opportunity ...... 4.被修饰词为不定代词：something, nothing, anything等 Part Two The Infinitive as the adverbial (动词不定式用作状语) 1. To make friends easily, you need to be very kind. 2. They went there to save people who were injured. 3. More TV programmes were produced to raise people’sconcern over food safety. 4. To / In order to catch the first bus, he got up early. 5. The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 不定式作目的状语，可用in order to / so as to 代替，有时为了突出强调目的，还可将这个词组置于句首，但so as to一般不用于句首。 Infinitive as adverbial 15 1. He woke up to find everybody gone. 2. He arrived at the train station, only to find the train had already left. 3. She is too tired to do the job. 4. He is old enough to go to school. 5. Will you be so kind as to open the window? 不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果；有时也可用only to, too ... to, enough to, so ... as to 来表示结果状语。 Infinitive as adverbial 16 1. I am working hard in order that I can pass the exam. 有些结果状语从句和原因状语从句，可转换为动词不定式表示结果及原因。 Infinitive as adverbial 拓展补充练习 I am working hard to pass the exam. 2. I am so tired that I can’t get up early. I am too tired to get up early. 17 1. I am so excited to be here! 2. I am more than delighted to be with you! 3. She is proud to have won the first place. 4. He is glad to be invited to the meeting. 不定式作原因状语，常用于“主语 + be + 形容词 + to do”结构中，此类形容词多是glad, excited, disappointed, shocked等表示喜怒哀乐的形容词。 Infinitive as adverbial 18 Infinitive as adverbial 注意：不定式only to do与doing作结果状语的区别： (1)动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果。 (2)动词-ing形式作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的、必然造成的结果。 1.He failed his exam, _________ (make) his father angry． 2.Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only ________ (find)it didn't fit． making to find 19 summary adverbial 状语 to do 目的状语: 原因状语: 结果状语: sb＋be＋adj. ＋to do ... to do,in order to do， so as to do enough to do， too...to do...， so/such... as to do only to do 1. The airport ______________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 2. We are having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _________ (make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company. 3. Volunteering gives you a chance _________ (change) lives, including your own. 4. The students are looking forward to having an opportunity _________ (explore) society of real-life experience. 5. I have a lot of books __________ (read). to be completed to be made to change to explore to read Exercise 6. The play ______________ (produce) next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. 7. The ability _________ (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself. 8. It’s important for the figures ____________ (update) regularly. 9. Birds’ singing is a warning to other birds ______ (stay) away. 10. It’s standard practice for a company like this one _________ (employ) a security officer. to be produced to express to stay to be updated to employ 11. ________ (make) it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand. 12. Group activities will be organised after class _________ (help) children develop team spirit. 13. George returned after the war, only __________ (tell) that his wife had left him. 14. This machine is very easy _________ (operate). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 15. We were astonished _______ (find) the temple still in its original condition. To make to help to be told to operate to find 1.要正确地画地图，你需要一支特制的笔。 ______________________, you need a speicial pen. 2.他来晚了，发现其他人都回家了。 He arrived late _______________________________. 3.他总是第一个到办公室，最后一个离开。 He is always _________________ and the last one to leave the office. 4.有足够的食物供客人享用。 There is enough food for the guests _________. To draw maps correctly to enjoy the first one to come to find the others had gone home Hello, my dear friends! I am greatly honoured ________ (share) the event with you. The theme of the activity is ___________ (introduce) Chinese traditional culture. During this month, there will be various activities for you ____________ (experience) the rich and colourful Chinese culture. You will have a chance ___________ (make) paper-cutting or ____________ (appreciate) Chinese arts. There will be some lectures for you _________ (attend), _______ is beneficial to your understanding about China. ________ (learn) more about China, don’t hesitate _________ (contact) us and be the first ________ (sign) up for the activity. to share to introduce to experience to make to appreciate to attend To learn which to contact to sign $$