内容正文:
第2讲 如何构建——成文有步骤
一 四步成文法
第一步 审题谋篇 认真审题,拟全要点;四审:审文体,审时态,审人称,审要点
第二步 遣词造句 布局好文章结构(三段式);列出关键词和关键句
第三步 文本润色 注意高级词汇的使用;运用多种语法结构,丰富表达;句式升级,注意句式多样
第四步 连句成篇 连句成文,注意衔接词的使用
二 成文技法
技法一 认真审题,拟全要点
1.审体裁,避免格式错误
无论是记叙文、书信还是通知,都有各自的格式,用对格式是写作成功的第一步。
2.审时间,避免时态错误
要仔细研究写作的要求,正确判断文章的主要时态。
3.审内容,避免要点缺失
(1)研读题目要求中的关键词,用汉语将其写在稿纸上并作为扩展句子或段落的根据。
(2)遗漏要点是写作大忌。如果要点不全,即使语言正确,结构合理,连贯通顺,也不可能得高分。
技法二 层次清晰 结构美观
1.引人入胜的开篇语
一般来说,开头要做到开门见山,使读者了解文章要谈什么,最好能立刻引起读者的兴趣。
Last weekend,the Students' Union of our school organized an activity—Getting to Know the Plants Around Us.
上周末,我们学校的学生会组织了一个活动——了解我们周围的植物。
2.丰富充实的主体段
高考应用文写作多为开放性作文,题目要求中的提示很少。如果只是简单翻译提示内容,词数肯定不够,因此在写作时需要适当补充一些与提示内容相关联的细节信息,确保主体段落内容丰富充实。
3.画龙点睛的结束语
结尾有概括全文内容、进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想、升华主题的作用。
(1)照应开头
In the future,I think our school can organize some activities such as book clubs or English corners to further inspire students' interest in learning English.
在未来,我认为我们学校可以组织一些活动,如读书俱乐部或英语角,以进一步激发学生学习英语的兴趣。
(2)复述中心
We must protect the water as well as find ways to reuse it. If not, the last drop of water will be a teardrop.
我们必须保护水,并找到重新利用水的方法。否则,最后一滴水将是一滴眼泪。
(3)总结式
All in all,it is high time that we devoted ourselves to protecting oceans. To protect oceans is to protect ourselves.
总之,现在是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了。保护海洋就是保护我们自己。
(4)引用式
I believe my dream will come true one day because “Where there is a will, there is a way.”
我相信我的梦想终有一天会实现,因为“有志者,事竟成”。
(5)希望式
I sincerely hope that Youth can make new progress and that more readers will participate in the interaction and share their own stories.
我衷心希望《青春》能够取得新的进步,也希望会有更多的读者参与互动,分享自己的故事。
(6)问题式
Will you join us the next time? How romantic and fantastic it will be!
下次你会加入我们吗?这将是多么浪漫和美妙啊!
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)假定你是李华,外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组,让大家课后练习口语,你认为这样分组存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件,内容包括:
1.说明问题;
2.提出建议。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
Dear Ryan,
I'm Li Hua from Class 3.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
[四步成文法]
第一步:“三定”审题 “三段”谋篇
(一)“三定”审题
1.定体裁:建议信
2.定人称:第一人称和第三人称
3.定时态:一般现在时为主
(二)“三段”谋篇
第一段:表明写邮件的目的
第二段:说明原因及建议
第三段:结尾——表达希望和祝福
第二步:斟酌词句 设计亮点
1.我认为把学生随机配对参加课后英语口语训练不是一个好主意。
I think it's not a good idea to randomly pair up students for the spoken English training after class.
2.随机配对学生可能会导致小组内的语言能力不平衡。
Randomly pairing up students may lead to unbalanced language abilities within the groups.
3.这可能会阻碍学生的进步,因为水平高的学生可能会主导谈话,给另一个学生留下很少的进步空间。
This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the conversation. It leaves little room for the other student to improve.
4.我的建议是根据学生的语言能力对他们进行分组,或者让学生自己选择同伴。
My suggestion is to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners.
5.如果你能考虑我的建议,我将不胜感激。
I would really appreciate it if you would take my suggestion into consideration.
第三步:句式升级 文本润色
6.用非谓语动词改写第3句
This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the conversation,leaving little room for the other student to improve.
第四步:巧妙过渡 完美成篇(可使用下面的高级词块)
[参考范文]
Dear Ryan,
I'm Li Hua from Class 3. I think it's not a good idea to randomly pair up students for the spoken English training after class. The reasons are as follows.
Randomly pairing up students (动名词短语作主语) may lead to unbalanced language abilities within the groups. This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the conversation,leaving little room for the other student to improve (as引导的原因状语从句;现在分词短语作状语).My suggestion is to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners (过去分词作定语).
I would really appreciate it if you would take my suggestion into consideration. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
randomly adv.随机地(同义短语:at random);unbalanced不平衡的;hinder阻碍;dominate v.支配,占主导地位;take ...into consideration考虑(同义短语:take ...into account,take account of)
对点训练
(2023·全国乙卷改编)学校英文报组织同学们分享自己在假期中学到的新技能,请你以此为主题写一篇短文投稿。内容包括:
1.简要描述;
2.体验和感受。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.题目已为你写好。
Learning a New Skill
[四步成文法]
第一步:“三定”审题 “三段”谋篇
(一)“三定”审题
1.定体裁:投稿
2.定人称:第一人称为主
3.定时态:一般过去时为主
(二)“三段”谋篇
第一段:点明主题——新技能
第二段:简要介绍学习新技能的经过
第三段:体验及感受
第二步:斟酌词句 设计亮点
1.掌握一些基本的生活技能对我们来说很重要,为我们未来的生活做好准备。这就是为什么我在五一期间学会了做饭。
It is important for us to master some basic living skills to prepare us for our future life.That is why I learned how to cook during the May Day holiday.
2.由于我的妈妈很会做饭,我决定向她学习。
Since my mother is skilled at cooking, I decided to learn from her.
3.一大早,我们在当地市场买了一些食材,包括一些蔬菜、肉和一条鱼。
Early in the morning we bought some ingredients, which include some vegetables, meat and a fish in the local market.
4.在妈妈的指导下,我打开了煤气灶。
Under the guidance of my mother, I turned on the gas cooker.
5.最困难的任务是用西红柿做鱼。
The most difficult task was to cook fish with tomatoes.
6.我感到非常自豪,我和父母一起分担家务,这也表明我已经长大了。
I felt so proud that I shared housework with my parents. It also showed I had grown up.
第三步:句式升级 文本润色
7.用非谓语动词改写第3句
Early in the morning we bought some ingredients,including some vegetables,meat and a fish in the local market.
8.用定语从句合并第6句
I felt so proud that I shared housework with my parents,which also showed I had grown up.
第四步:巧妙过渡 完美成篇(可使用下面的高级词块)
[参考范文]
Learning a New Skill
It is important for us to master some basic living skills to prepare us for our future life. That is why I learned how to cook during the May Day holiday (表语从句).
Since my mother is skilled at cooking (原因状语从句),I decided to learn from her. Early in the morning we bought some ingredients, including some vegetables, meat and a fish in the local market.Once we got back home (时间状语从句), I began to wash and cut them carefully. Under the guidance of my mother, I turned on the gas cooker. I first stirfried two vegetables. Then I cooked meat with potatoes. The most difficult task was to cook fish with tomatoes. However, I finally did it.
The moment I put the dishes on the table (时间状语从句), my parents gave me the thumbsup.I felt so proud that I shared housework with my parents, which also showed I had grown up (定语从句).
master v.掌握,精通;be skilled at擅长;ingredient n.成分,配料;under the guidance of ...在……的指导下
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