限时规范练(30) ADVERSITY AND COURAGE（Word练习）-【优化指导】2025年高考英语一轮复习高中总复习·第1轮（人教版）

限时规范练(三十)　UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE (限时20分钟) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A This past January，Captain Preet Chandi set foot on a historic，though decidedly icy，trail by becoming the first African woman to reach the South Pole alone，without assistance. While others might have been content to make history with this singular accomplishment，“Polar Preet”．Chandi is not one to rest on her laurels (桂冠).The journey to the South Pole was merely “phase one” of a larger and even more extraordinary goal for the adventurous British Army officer. For “phase two”，the 33­year­old has set her sights on crossing Antarctica—once again doing the journey alone and unsupported to become the first woman to achieve this goal. On November 14，Chandi departed from Hercules Inlet，an ice­filled bay at the southwestern section of the Filchner­Ronne Ice Shelf bordering the Weddell Sea in Antarctica. Her goal is to reach Reedy Glacier within 75 days，a coast­to­coast journey consisting of roughly 1，100 miles. And “roughly” is the operative (关键的) word here—she'll be pulling a sled with equipment，weighing about 264 pounds altogether，and she'll be doing so in temperatures that can sink to minus 58 degrees Fahrenheit，with wind speeds of up to 60 miles per hour. Her journey thus far required years of training. Prior to her 700­mile South Pole journey，she prepared by attending a polar survival course in Norway. She continued her training back home in the U.K.by dragging tires，the closest thing to pulling a sled，and a month­long practice run in Greenland. Ultimately，Chandi went on to finish her first South Pole expedition in 40 days，a full eight days ahead of schedule. When not otherwise setting records of human endurance in extreme conditions，Chandi tries to inspire others in her day­to­day work. Chandi will be posting interval voice blog updates of her phase two progress on her website，where a live tracking map will also provide her current location at every point along her journey. “Nothing is impossible. I've always had this idea that I can achieve something great，something that allows me to be a role model，” Chandi shared on her blog. 1．What made Chandi want to cross Antarctica? A．Sticking to a promise. B．Trying challenging things. C．Raising money for poor women. D．Realizing her childhood dream. 2．Why does the author emphasize the word “roughly” as vital in Paragraph 3? A．To hide the author's bad memory of numbers. B．To indicate there are more challenges facing Chandi. C．To explain there is no proper word to describe the journey. D．To show there is no official figure about the distance to Antarctica. 3．What can we infer from Paragraph 4? A．Survival training is a hard process. B．Chandi got trained by pulling sleds. C．The journey to the South Pole was eventful. D．Chandi made full preparations for her adventure. 4．Which words can best describe Chandi? A．Inspiring and friendly. B．Active and creative. C．Confident and determined. D．Adventurous and modest. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了第一位独自到达南极点的非裔女性Preet Chandi开始进行穿越南极洲的探险故事。 1．B　[解析]细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The journey to the South Pole was merely ‘phase one’ of a larger and even more extraordinary goal for the adventurous British Army officer.”和第二段可知，Preet Chandi是一个爱冒险的人，她穿越南极洲是为了尝试有挑战性的事情。故选B。 2．B　[解析]推理判断题。根据第三段中的“she'll be pulling a sled with equipment，weighing about 264 pounds ...in temperatures that can sink to minus 58 degrees Fahrenheit，with wind speeds of up to 60 miles per hour.”可知，作者强调“大约”是因为除了1 100英里路程外，Chandi还面临着沉重的设备、超级低温以及大风等带来的困难。由此推知，作者这样强调是为了表示Chandi面临着更多的挑战。故选B。 3．D　[解析]推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Prior to her 700­mile South Pole journey，she prepared by attending a polar survival course ...a full eight days ahead of schedule.”可知，Chandi在南极之旅之前进行了大量的学习和训练。由此推知，她为了这次探险做了充分的准备工作。故选D。 4．C　[解析]推理判断题。根据Preet Chandi克服重重困难，独自一人成功抵达南极点的经历可知，她拥有坚强的意志。再结合最后一段中的“I've always had this idea that I can achieve something great，something that allows me to be a role model”可知，她相信自己可以取得伟大的成就，由此推知，她是自信的。故选C。 B (2024·湖南炎德名校高三联考)Social scientists have long understood that when people are smart and skilled，they're likely to gain trust. To appear more capable—and therefore more trustworthy—many people tend to boast (吹嘘)，according to another longstanding theory that researchers call impression management. But a new paper suggests that the common method people use to gain trust could have the opposite effect. “If you consider yourself a highly capable individual，have a good education，are successful in life，then don't talk too proudly about it when presenting yourself to others or managing impressions about what you can do，” said Martin Reimann，the paper's lead author.“It can backfire，and people might become distrusting.” “Since impression management is so widespread，we wondered how it impacts the well­known effect of ability on trust，” Reimann said. To answer the question，the researchers designed seven online experiments concerning participants' trust. In one experiment，for example，participants shopped for a TV in an online marketplace，with third­party vendors (销售商).Customer reviews with star ratings told participants how capable or competent vendors were，and each vendor's advertisement either did or did not include a boastful statement of self­promotion. Designing seven studies，Reimann said，allowed the researchers to reach more people and explore a range of variables that might affect someone's willingness to trust. There were more than 106，000 participants across all seven studies. The experiments showed that participants were more likely，unsurprisingly，to trust people or companies that appeared more capable. But every study also showed that highly capable people or companies were viewed as less trustworthy if they also boastfully promoted themselves. “We see trust as a central concept that holds together society，” Reimann added.“If we don't trust each other，then a lot of processes could come to a standstill. It's important to understand what it is in the first place that leads people to trust each other，and how we can encourage that at different levels of society. That's what we want to further uncover.” 5．According to the text，what do many people do by impression management? A．Make themselves seem more important. B．Remind others that boasting will lose trust. C．Show what their impression of someone is. D．Prove that they have become more capable. 6．Which of the following in the experiment was connected with boasting? A．A TV. B．Participants. C．Vendors. D．Customer reviews. 7．What will the researchers' future study focus on? A．The bad effects of boasting. B．People's views on boasting. C．Promotion of trust among people. D．Different levels of trust in society. 8．What is the main idea of the text? A．People need to be able to trust each other. B．Boasting could make people trust you less. C．People's trust depends on how honest you are. D．Being good at your job helps you to gain trust. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现：人们用来获得信任的常用方法可能会产生相反的效果。 5．A　[解析]细节理解题。根据首段中的“To appear more capable—and therefore more trustworthy—many people tend to boast ...researchers call impression management.”可知，人们是为了通过印象管理让自己更有能力，从而更值得信赖。由此推断，人们通过印象管理是让自己看起来更重要。故选A。 6．C　[解析]细节理解题。根据第四段中的and each vendor's advertisement either did or did not include a boastful statement of self­promotion可知，在实验中，每个销售商的广告中有的包含自我推销的吹嘘声明，有的不包含。所以，与吹嘘有关系的应该是销售商。故选C。 7．C　[解析]推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Reimann认为，要想人们之间相互信任就要了解是什么促成人们之间的相互信任，以及我们如何在不同层面鼓励人们之间的相互信任，这是他们要进一步揭示的内容。所以，接下来研究者们要研究的重点是增进人与人之间的相互信任。故选C。 8．B　[解析]主旨大意题。根据首段中的“To appear more capable—and therefore more trustworthy ...could have the opposite effect.”可知，有能力的人更值得信任，但是新的研究发现，通过自夸的方式去获得信任反而会产生相反的效果。结合下文中对该研究的进一步介绍和分析可知，本文主要讲述的是自夸可能会使得人们对你的信任减少。故选B。 Ⅱ.语法填空 An anxious 18­year­old Peng Lanxi got his 1.__________ (admit) letter from Hunan University of Science and Technology on July 26，bringing his dream closer—making prosthetic limbs (假肢) more advanced and 2.__________ (access) to people like him. Peng lost his legs in a car accident in 2005，leaving him 3.__________ (whole) unable to move around.4.__________ (learn) to walk using just his hands for years，he now enjoys life as much as the teenagers around him. On his wheelchair he plays basketball and badminton.“I believe that obstacles (障碍) are there 5.__________ (conquer).Someone says that life is like a mirror，and we get the best results 6.__________ we smile at it，” Peng says. His story，which 7.__________ (view) more than 19 million times up till now，has gone viral (在网上快速传播的) on social media platform and he wins admiration from its users 8.__________ his courage，determination and hard work. Lu Ming，director of the university's School of Information and Electrical Engineering，says that the school will help Peng to pursue his dream—to be a prosthetics engineer，a career 9.__________ will in time change lives. Peng is not alone. According to the China Disabled Persons' Federation，14，559 students facing physical challenges entered college in 2021.From 2016 to 2020，about 57，500 students with special needs enrolled at universities，10.__________ more than 50 percent increase compared with the 20112015 period. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一位刚被大学录取的身残志坚的少年。 1．admission　[解析]考查名词。分析句子结构和意思可知，空处需要填名词作定语，修饰后面的名词letter。admission letter意为“录取通知书”。故填admission。 2．accessible　[解析]考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处需要形容词，和前面的形容词advanced并列作宾语补足语，sth. be accessible to sb.意为“某物易于让某人所得(所用)”。故填accessible。 3．wholly　[解析]考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此空修饰形容词unable，应用副词作状语。故填wholly。 4．Having learned　[解析]考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子主语是he，与非谓语动词learn为逻辑上的主动关系，且动作learn发生在谓语enjoys前(有for years提示)，所以用现在分词的完成式，表示主动完成，首字母要大写。故填Having learned。 5．to be conquered　[解析]考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，用动词不定式作表语，表达“将要”之意，且与主语obstacles是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用动词不定式的被动结构。故填to be conquered。 6．when/if　[解析]考查连词。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格前后两个小分句之间是假设的关系，所以用引导条件状语从句的连词if，意为“如果”；也可以理解为“当我们向它微笑时”，用连词when。故填when/if。 7．has been viewed　[解析]考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。该空为非限制性定语从句的谓语部分，由时间状语up till now可知，从句谓语应用现在完成时；从句主语which指代先行词His story，与从句谓语动词view之间是动宾关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，且主语指代单数，助动词用has。故填has been viewed。 8．for　[解析]考查介词。分析句子结构和意思可知，此处需用介词for表达原因。故填for。 9．that/which　[解析]考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构和意思可知，该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a career，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。 10．a　[解析]考查冠词。分析句子结构和意思可知，此处用不定冠词修饰名词increase，表示泛指，空格后第一个单词more以辅音音素开头。故填a。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$