Unit 8 Make lists(课件)-2023-2024学年剑桥少儿英语三级上册

8 MAKING LISTS MAKING LISTS ★ How do you organise your revision before exams? ★ How do you make sure you don't forget to do any homework? ★ What can you do to be more organised? MAKING LISTS Reading 1. Look at the photos. In pairs, think of : speaking speaking 1 three ways in which the jobs are different 2 three things the jobs have in common 3 something that connects all of the pictures Then compare your ideas with others in the class. P 74 MAKING LISTS Reading 2. Read the book review quickly. What does Atul Gawande recommend using to ensure procedures are followed? A checklist P 74 MAKING LISTS Reading 3. Read the review again and listen. Match the paragraphs with the titles. There is one extra title. A Lives can be saved ! B It's not just for the medical profession C Mistakes don't really matter D Holes in the system E Not everyone agrees F A book for everyone 2 3 1 4 5 extra title P 74 MAKING LISTS Reading 4. Answer the questions. 1 What surprised the doctor who went into the operating theatre? 2 What was the result of an experiment in an important American hospital? 3 What examples does Gawande give of what could happen if engineers and pilots didn't follow checklists? The fact that no one was wearing a mask. There were almost no infections over 27 months and it was estimated that around eight lives were saved. A plane could crash; a skyscraper could fall down. P 74 MAKING LISTS Reading 4. Answer the questions. 4 How did many of the doctors react to the idea of using checklists? Why do you think they reacted this way? 5 Why does the writer of the review recommend the book? A lot of them weren't very enthusiastic because they thought it would be too difficult to use. Because it's relevant for all people to avoid making mistakes. P 74 Reading MAKING LISTS 5. Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. speaking speaking 1 Can you think of any other jobs where checklists should be compulsory? 2 When have you made checklists for yourself? What for? Were they useful? 3 Do you agree with the last sentence in the review? Why (not)? P 74 MAKING LISTS MAKING LISTS The Checklist Manifesto by Atul Gawande A doctor in a large hospital walked into an operating theatre where an operation was being performed. Everything seemed to be going well, but the doctor noticed that no one was wearing a face mask. He was surprised - wearing a face mask is basic hospital procedure. But he didn’t say anything. The operation was a success but a few days later the patient came down with a fever. It turned out that she had a serious infection, probably because the doctors and nurses hadn't followed a simple rule. If they’d worn their masks, the patient wouldn’t have been infected. 1 2 Someone who'd be interested in that story is Atul Gawande, who wrote a book called The Checklist Manifesto : How to get things right. Gawande is a doctor himself, and in his book he suggests that if surgeons run through a simple Holes in the system Lives can be saved ! MAKING LISTS checklist before every operation, then lives will be saved. And he's got the numbers to prove it. In 2001, at an important American hospital, there was an experiment that required doctors to use a five-point checklist before they carried out specific procedures. The checklist was just a list of routine things doctors should normally do without thinking -for example, wearing rubber gloves, washing hands before and after every patient, and so on. By making sure that the checklist was followed, there were almost no infections over the 27 months of the experiment, and they reckon that around eight lives were saved. When the checklist was tested again in hospitals in Michigan, USA, infections went down by 66 percent. Book of the month MAKING LISTS In his book, Gawande looks at other professions, too, to support his argument that checklists reduce accidents and improve success rates. He points out that people like engineers and pilots use checklists all the time, and he comes up with some good examples. Just imagine that an aeroplane crashed because the pilot had failed to follow basic procedures. Suppose a skyscraper fell down because the engineers hadn’t remembered to do some important calculations. There would be an immediate inquiry to look into these events. So Gawande’s question is: If pilots and engineers use checklists, why don't doctors use them? 4 3 But when Gawande talked to doctors at eight hospitals about a checklist that he had developed, he found that a lot of them weren't very enthusiastic. Twenty percent of the doctors that It's not just for the medical profession Not everyone agrees MAKING LISTS Gawande talked to said that the list was too difficult to use and that it wouldn’t help to save lives. But, when they were shown the statement, 'If I had surgery, I'd want the surgeon to use this list', 93 percent of the same doctors agreed with it! So it's hard to work out why they don't want to use it themselves. 5 The Checklist Manifesto is a really interesting and well-written book. It reminds us to do basic things to avoid problems. It’s relevant for all of us, not just for doctors. We should all use checklists now and again, otherwise we'll make mistakes. A book for everyone MAKING LISTS What’s the hole in medical system? A doctor in a large hospital once found that no one was wearing ___________________ in a operation, and a few days later the patient came down with _____________ because of a serious ________________. Who is Atul Gawande and how does he prove his viewpoint? Atul Gawande is a doctor who wrote a book called The ___________ Manifesto : How to get things right. an experiment that required doctors to use a five-point checklist before they_____________ specific procedures showed there were almost no infections over the ____________ and they saved eight lives; infections went down by ___________ when the checklist was tested again in hospitals in Michigan, USA a face mask infection a fever checklist 27 months carried out 66 percent MAKING LISTS What professions use checklists all the time? Why? _____________ and pilots What was the attitude of the doctors towards checklist? a plane could _________ and _____________ could fall down if they didn’t follow checklists. A lot of them weren't very _____________ because they thought it would be too difficult to use; but, 93 percent of the same doctors ____________ the statement, 'If I had __________, I'd want the surgeon to use this list'. engineers crash a skyscraper enthusiastic agreed with What does the book remind us? do ______________ to avoid problems; use checklists __________________. basic things now and again surgery MAKING LISTS A doctor in a large hospital walked into an operating theatre where an operation was being performed. a room in a hospital equipped for the performance of surgical operations ①Let's compare a courtroom and an operating theater. ②There is an operating theater at a medical school. operating theater MAKING LISTS A doctor in a large hospital walked into an operating theatre where an operation was being performed. 过去进行时+被动 The bird is being chased. The guitar is being played. What is being built recently? The bridge is being built. MAKING LISTS He was surprised - wearing a face mask is basic hospital procedure. a way of doing sth, especially the usual or correct way ①Here is some confusion about what the right procedure should be. ②The detailed procedure is given. procedure what is the procedure of the security check? So what is the procedure of the application? --- All the applicants __________ before a final decision is made by the authority. A．interview B．are interviewing C．are interviewed D．are being interviewed MAKING LISTS It turned out that she had a serious infection, probably because the doctors and nurses hadn't followed a simple rule. It turned out that...结果是 It turned out that she was lying. It turned out that there was no need to do this. It turned out that____________________________________________. he is a doctor himself MAKING LISTS It turned out that she had a serious infection, probably because the doctors and nurses hadn't followed a simple rule. an illness that is caused by bacteria or a virus and that affects one part of the body ①One of the long-lasting effects of the infection is damage to the heart. v.infect 传染 ②A single mosquito can infect a large number of people. infection MAKING LISTS Gawande is a doctor himself, and in his book he suggests that if surgeons run through a simple checklist before every operation, then lives will be saved. a doctor who is trained to perform surgery (= medical operations that involve cutting open a person's body) ①A surgeon needs a good eye and a steady hand. ②He is rewarded to be the best heart surgeon in the country. surgeon MAKING LISTS Gawande is a doctor himself, and in his book he suggests that if surgeons run through a simple checklist before every operation, then lives will be saved. 匆匆浏览 ①He ran through the passage as quickly as he could. ②She has run through the main points of the news. look through MAKING LISTS In 2001, at an important American hospital, there was an experiment that required doctors to use a five-point checklist before they carried out specific procedures. 实施；执行；实行 ①She needed a clear head to carry out her instructions. ②Once a decision is made, we must carry it out. carry out MAKING LISTS In 2001, at an important American hospital, there was an experiment that required doctors to use a five-point checklist before they carried out specific procedures. detailed and exact ①What I'm going to do in this lecture is focus on something very specific. ②Williams answered that he had no specific plan yet. specific MAKING LISTS By making sure that the checklist was followed, there were almost no infections over the 27 months of the experiment, and they reckon that around eight lives were saved. to calculate an amount, a number, etc. ①The journey was reckoned to take about two hours. ②They reckon (that) their profits are down by at least 20%. reckon MAKING LISTS In his book, Gawande looks at other professions, too, to support his argument that checklists reduce accidents and improve success rates. a type of job that needs special training or skill, especially one that needs a high level of education ①He was an electrician by profession . ②She was at the very top of her profession. profession MAKING LISTS In his book, Gawande looks at other professions, too, to support his argument that checklists reduce accidents and improve success rates. a reason or set of reasons that sb uses to show that sth is true or correct 论点 ①His argument was that public spending must be reduced. ②Her main argument was a moral one. argument MAKING LISTS In his book, Gawande looks at other professions, too, to support his argument that checklists reduce accidents and improve success rates. The rate at which something happens is the number of times it happens over a period of time. a high/low/rising rate of unemployment 高 / 低 / 不断增长的失业率 ①The rate was six times greater among old people. rate MAKING LISTS He points out that people like engineers and pilots use checklists all the time, and he comes up with some good examples. 想出，提出（计划、想法等） ①Several of the members have come up with suggestions of their own. ②We use our imagination and come up with creative ideas. come up with MAKING LISTS Just imagine that an aeroplane crashed because the pilot had failed to follow basic procedures. if a vehicle crashes or the driver crashes it, it hits an object or another vehicle, causing damage ①I was terrified that the plane would crash. ②A truck went out of control and crashed into the back of a bus. crash MAKING LISTS Suppose a skyscraper fell down because the engineers hadn’t remembered to do some important calculations. to pretend that sth is true; to imagine what would happen if sth were true ①Suppose flights are fully booked on that day─which other day could we go? ②Let us suppose, for example, that you are married with two children. suppose MAKING LISTS Suppose a skyscraper fell down because the engineers hadn’t remembered to do some important calculations. a very tall building in a city ①The skyscraper towers into the clouds. ②With an elevator in the skyscraper, we can easily go up and down. skyscraper MAKING LISTS Suppose a skyscraper fell down because the engineers hadn’t remembered to do some important calculations. the act or process of using numbers to find out an amount ①By my calculation, we made a profit of £20 000 last year. ②Our guess was confirmed by calculation. calculation MAKING LISTS There would be an immediate inquiry to look into these events. an inquiry is an official investigation ①An official inquiry has been launched into the cause of the accident. ②She's making a few inquiries with her mother's friends. inquiry MAKING LISTS There would be an immediate inquiry to look into these events. 调查 ①They set up a working party to look into the issue. ②We'll look into the matter first before coming to a decision. look into MAKING LISTS But when Gawande talked to doctors at eight hospitals about a checklist that he had developed, he found that a lot of them weren't very enthusiastic. feeling or showing a lot of excitement and interest about sb/sth ①You don't sound very enthusiastic about the idea. ②Fill your life with things that make you happy and enthusiastic. enthusiastic MAKING LISTS But, when they were shown the statement, 'If I had surgery, I'd want the surgeon to use this list', 93 percent of the same doctors agreed with it! something that you say or write that gives information or an opinion ①Are the following statements true or false? ②Your statement is misleading. statement MAKING LISTS But, when they were shown the statement, 'If I had surgery, I'd want the surgeon to use this list', 93 percent of the same doctors agreed with it! medical treatment of injuries or diseases that involves cutting open a person's body and often removing or replacing some parts ①He will require surgery on his left knee. ②His father has just recovered from heart surgery. surgery MAKING LISTS So it's hard to work out why they don't want to use it themselves. If you work out a solution to a problem or mystery, you manage to find the solution by thinking or talking about it. ①We must work out how we are going to do it. It’s hard to work out __________________________. why they feared dogs work out MAKING LISTS It’s relevant for all of us, not just for doctors. closely connected with the subject you are discussing or the situation you are thinking about a relevant suggestion/question/point 相关的提议 / 问题 / 观点 Do you have the relevant experience? 反：irrelevant 不相关的 relevant MAKING LISTS We should all use checklists now and again, otherwise we'll make mistakes. used to state what the result would be if sth did not happen or if the situation were different ①My parents lent me the money. Otherwise, I couldn't have afforded the trip. ②Shut the window, otherwise_____________________. otherwise it'll get too cold in here MAKING LISTS ★ What goals have you set yourself in the last year? ★ Have your parents ever set goals for you? ★ What goals have they set? ★ Why is it important to set goals? The ‘goal setting’ checklist TRAIN TO THiNK When you go on a journey, you wouldn't say to yourself, ‘l don't know where to go to, but l’ll start my journey anyway’. You will never know if your destination is where you wanted to be if you don't set yourself goals. This is important for all of our ‘journeys’ in life. The ‘goal setting’ checklist helps you think dearly about what it is you want to achieve and how you’re going to achieve it. P 75 The ‘goal setting’ checklist TRAIN TO THiNK 1. Martin has a new project. He wants to learn to play the guitar. Look at these ideas that Martin has written and match them to 1-5 in the checklist below. (Some include more than one idea and some could go in more than one place in the checklist.) 1 What l want to achieve 2 Things l need in order to achieve this goal 3 How I need to act or behave in order to achieve this goal 4 Things that tell me l have achieved this goal 5 Results of achieving goal for myself and others P 75 The ‘goal setting’ checklist TRAIN TO THiNK 1. Martin has a new project. He wants to learn to play the guitar. Look at these ideas that Martin has written and match them to 1-5 in the checklist below. (Some include more than one idea and some could go in more than one place in the checklist.) a I'll be able to play about 20 songs b approach it as something to be enjoyed C I'll feel really good about my achievement d learn to play the guitar 5 3 5 1 P 75 The ‘goal setting’ checklist TRAIN TO THiNK e positive comments from family and friends f a friend who will teach me g discipline to practise daily h lessons streamed from the Internet 2 3 2 4/5 1. Martin has a new project. He wants to learn to play the guitar. Look at these ideas that Martin has written and match them to 1-5 in the checklist below. (Some include more than one idea and some could go in more than one place in the checklist.) P 75 The ‘goal setting’ checklist TRAIN TO THiNK 2. Think of something you want to achieve. Create a checklist to help you define your goals more dearly. Compare with a partner. speaking speaking P 75 Conditionals (review) GRAMMAR 1. Write the correct form of the verbs in brackets and check in the book review on page 75. Then complete the table. 1 If surgeons ______________ (run) through a simple checklist before every operation, then lives ______________ (be) saved. 2 If they ______________ (wear) their masks, the patient _______________ (not be) infected. 3 If pilots and engineers ___________(use) checklists, why ___________ doctors _______________ (use) them? 4 If l _____________ (have) surgery, l ______________ (want) the surgeon to use this list. run will be had worn wouldn't have been use don't use had 'd want First conditional Third conditional Zero conditional Second conditional P 76 Conditionals (review) GRAMMAR 1. Write the correct form of the verbs in brackets and check in the book review on page 75. Then complete the table. RULE : Type of conditional Example sentence lf clause Main clause Zero __________ present simple 1__________________ First 2_________ 3________________ 4__________________ Second 5_________ 6_________________ ___________________ Third 7_________ past perfect 8__________________ 3 would(n’t)+infinitive present simple 1 present simple future simple 4 past simple 2 would(n't) have + past participle P 76 Conditionals (review) GRAMMAR 2. Match the four sentences a doctor might say to a patient with the situations a-d. 1 If people take this medicine, they don’t get headaches. 2 If you take this medicine, you won't get headaches. 3 If you took this medicine, you wouldn't get headaches. 4 If you had taken this medicine, you wouldn’t have got headaches. a The patient didn't take the medicine. b The doctor is telling the patient a general fact about the medicine. c The patient isn't taking the medicine, and gets headaches. d The doctor is telling the patient about a future result of taking the medicine. b d c a P 76 Conditionals (review) GRAMMAR 3. Write conditional sentences. 1 Reading books is a great idea. (0 conditional) If you / read books, you / learn things about life. 2 I think you should buy the book. (1st conditional) You / discover interesting things about pilots and doctors if you / read it. If you read books, you learn things about life. You'll discover interesting things about pilots and doctors if you read it. a general fact about reading books a future result of reding P 76 Conditionals (review) GRAMMAR 3. Write conditional sentences. 3 Gawande's a doctor. (2nd conditional) If Gawande / not be a doctor, he / not understand so much about this. 4 I read this book a week or two ago. (3rd conditional) l / not find out about the importance of checklists if l / not read it. If Gawande wasn't a doctor, he wouldn't understand so much about this. I wouldn't have found out about the importance of checklists if I hadn't read it. Gawande is a doctor and he understands so much about this I read it and found out about the importance of checklists. P 76 Phrasal verbs ⑵ VOCABULARY run through to ​look at, ​examine, ​think of, or ​deal with a set of things, esp. ​quickly If surgeons run through a simple checklist before every operation, then lives will be saved. Phrasal verbs ⑵ VOCABULARY come down with to ​start to ​suffer from an ​illness, ​especially one that is not ​serious The operation was a success but a few days later the patient came down with a fever. Phrasal verbs ⑵ VOCABULARY point out to tell someone a fact, often in order to support your opinion about something He points out that people like engineers and pilots use checklists all the time. Phrasal verbs ⑵ VOCABULARY turn out to happen in a particular way or to have a particular result It turned out that she had a serious infection. Phrasal verbs ⑵ VOCABULARY 1. Use the phrases in the list to complete the sentences. Then check in the book review on page 75. run through | points out | look into | work out | came down with comes up with | turned out | carried out 1 The patient ___________________ a fever. 2 It ___________________ that she had a serious infection. 3 If surgeons __________________ a simple checklist before every operation, then lives will be saved. 4 There was an experiment that required doctors to use a [...] checklist before they __________________ specific procedures. came down with turned out run through carried out P 76 Phrasal verbs ⑵ VOCABULARY 1. Use the phrases in the list to complete the sentences. Then check in the book review on page 75. 5 Gawande _________________ that people like engineers and pilot use checklists all the time. 6 He _________________ some good examples. 7 There would be an immediate inquiry to _________________ it. 8 It's hard to _________________ why they don't want to use it [a checklist] themselves. points out comes up with look into work out run through | points out | look into | work out | came down with comes up with | turned out | carried out P 76 Phrasal verbs ⑵ VOCABULARY 2. Work in pairs. Discuss the meaning of the phrasal verbs in Exercise 1. speaking speaking P 76 Phrasal verbs ⑵ VOCABULARY 3. Use the correct form of one of the verbs in Exercise 1 to complete each sentence. 1 The police are __________________ why the accident happened. 2 My sister didn't go to school last week - she _________________ a very bad cold. 3 l just can't _________________ why he doesn't like me. 4 The doctors ________________ some tests to see what was wrong with me. looking into came down with work out carried out P 76 Phrasal verbs ⑵ VOCABULARY 3. Use the correct form of one of the verbs in Exercise 1 to complete each sentence. 5 l'd like to _________________ that the capital of Brazil isn't Sao Paulo, it's Brasilia. 6 Let's ________________ the names to make sure we haven't forgotten anyone. 7 I thought Andre was French, but he __________________ to be Canadian. 8 l tried to think of some ideas for the weekend, but l didn't _____________________ any good ones. point out run through turned out come up with P 76 MAKING LISTS ★ Do you think this is a useful list? ★ Who for? Why? ★ Would you like me to write up a list like this at the beginning ofevery lesson? do math homework have music lesson ask Chinese teacher questions help Jim with English …… Things to be done toay Listening 1. Work in pairs. Look at these lists and discuss the questions. speaking speaking Why do we make lists? 1 What's the purpose of each list? 2 Why do people make lists like these? P 77 Listening Why do we make lists? 2. Listen to an interview with a social psychologist. Which of the reasons for lists that you gave in Exercise 1 does she mention? People write lists for the following reasons: to organise information, to remember things, to focus their mind, to reduce stress by making them feel they're in control, to make them feel good about themselves P 77 Listening Why do we make lists? 3. Listen again and complete the information below. Use one or two words to complete the spaces. Katy's five reasons for making lists : 1 to ________________ information 2 to aid your _________________ 3 to _________________ your mind 4 to decrease ________________ 5 to make you ________________ about yourself organise memory focus stress feel good P 77 Listening 4. Match the lists in Exercise 1 to some of the reasons in Exercise 3. Compare your ideas with a partner. speaking speaking Why do we make lists? to organise information to aid your memory, focus your mind to organise information to aid your memory, to reduce stress P 77 Listening Why do we make lists? 5. Which of these kinds of lists do you make? Do you agree with the psychologist about why you make them? speaking speaking P 77 Mixed conditionals GRAMMAR 1. Complete the sentences from the interview with the words or phrases in the list. Listen and check. 1 If I ______________ more organised, I ______________ made a list of them I suppose. 2 If I ______________made a list, then I ______________ know what to buy. were would have had would had | were | would have | would P 77 Mixed conditionals GRAMMAR 2. Look at the sentences again. Find the second and third conditional parts in each one. Then match them to the sentences in the rule. 2 1 RULE : Sometimes, we mix second and third conditional forms so that we can connect present and past actions. • To talk about the present result of an unreal or imagined past action we use: if + had + past participle, would ('d) + infinitive. Sentence 1_____________ • To talk about the past result of an unreal or hypothetical present situation or fact, we use: if + past simple, would ('d) have + past participle. Sentence 2____________ 2 1 If I were more organised, I would have made a list of them I suppose. If I had made a list, then I would know what to buy. P 77 Mixed conditionals GRAMMAR 3. Write mixed conditional sentences to describe these situations. 0 I don't have any money. I didn't buy that phone. lf I had some money, l’d have bought that phone. 1 Anna and Dan had a big argument. They aren't talking to each other. 2 We didn't leave early. That's why we're late now. If Anna and Dan hadn't had a big argument, they would be talking to each other. If we'd left early, we wouldn't be late now. P 77 Mixed conditionals GRAMMAR 3. Write mixed conditional sentences to describe these situations. 3 I don't have a good memory. I forgot her birthday. 4 I didn't eat breakfast. Now I'm hungry. 5 He didn't pay attention. He can't do the homework. lf l had a good memory, l wouldn't have forgotten her birthday. If l had eaten breakfast, I wouldn't be hungry now. If he'd paid attention, he'd be able to do the homework. P 77 Mixed conditionals GRAMMAR 4. Work in pairs. Use the gapped sentences. How many different mixed conditional examples can you make in two minutes? 1 If I hadn't _____________ yesterday, I wouldn't be _____________ now. 2 If I was ____________ , I would have _______________ . 3 I wouldn’t have ____________ if I didn’t like ____________ . 4 I would ___________ if I had _____________ at school. P 77 MAKING LISTS English Painting Mathematics Chinese Music Science History PE Please rank these subjects by ‘most interesting’ / ‘most useful’ / ‘most difficult’ Please rank these subjects by ‘most interesting’ / ‘most useful’ / ‘most difficult’. Reading MAKING LISTS 1. What 'top ten' lists have you seen (or written) recently? Tell a partner. speaking speaking 2. Read the blog. Answer the questions. 1 Why is Adrian posting his own list this week? 2 Where can you see the complete lists? 3 What does Adrian want his readers to do? Because no one sent him a list. In the blog archive. He wants them to send him lists. P 78 MAKING LISTS ADRIAN’S LIST BLOG As you know, every week I post a top ten list here that someone sent me anything, so I'm offering you a top ten list of ... my favourite top ten lists! And here they are. 1 Top ten uses for a potato This isn't about cooking potatoes, it's about using them for things like making electricity or improving your skin! 2 Top ten strange museums Here are some really weird museums you can visit (as long as you have the money to travel all over the world, of course). 3 Top ten worst countries at football If you're into football, you might like this list, unless you're from somewhere like San Marino or American Samoa (they're on the List). MAKING LISTS 4 Top ten ugly creatures There are some great photos here that I'm sure you'll love, provided you like seriously ugly fish and animals! 6 Top ten actors who don't like watching their own films Apparently Johnny Depp avoids viewing his own films. He prefers to walk away with the experience of having made the film rather than focussing on the end product - and he's not alone. 5 Top ten bad science fiction films Imagine spending a whole weekend watching really bad sci-fi films. My favourite is Plan 9 from Outer Space but perhaps you have other ideas. 7 Top ten unexplained mysteries Surprisingly, the Nazca lines in Peru and the Easter Island statues do not appear on this list, but there are ten other really strange mysteries from around the world. MAKING LISTS 8 Top ten stupid criminals The bank robber who wrote 'Give me the money!' on an envelope with his name and address on it? He's just one of the hopeless criminals on this great list. 10 Top ten signs in badly written English Suppose you were in another country and saw a sign in a shop that said: 'Wee spik Inglish hear'. You'd Laugh out loud! If you like that kind of thing, you'll love this List! 9 Top ten weird world records What's the world record for the number of T-shirts being worn by one person at the same time? And more things like that. (The answer, by the way, is 245.) So, that's me done for this week. You can find these lists in my archive. Lastly - please send me a list, people, otherwise I won't have anything for next week. Reading MAKING LISTS 3. Which list do each of these sentences come from? Write a number (1-10) in the boxes. a The dog with the longest ears is Tigger - his ears are each about 30 centimetres long. b This place, in Avanos in Turkey, has a huge collection of hair from over 16,000 people-and, it’s all in a small cave. c If you cut one in half and rub it on your shoes, your shoes will look great. d There are some beautiful animals in Africa - but the wart hog isn’t one of them! e Near the bottom of the list are the Turks and Caicos Islands, where cricket is much more popular. 9 2 1 4 3 P 78 Reading MAKING LISTS 4. Which five lists would you like to read in full? Compare your ideas with a partner. speaking speaking P 78 Reading MAKING LISTS 5. Choose one of these sentence stems, add a word or words at the end and make a list. Or, make a different list altogether. Write your list and then discuss with the class. speaking speaking My top five most interesting ... My top five worst... My top five strangest... My top five funniest... P 78 THiNK VALUES 1. Tick the sentences you agree with. Lists 1 I never waste my time reading top ten lists. 2 Top ten lists aren't meant to be taken seriously-just enjoy them! 3 Some top ten lists can be very useful. 4 People who write top ten lists must have very high opinions of themselves. 2. Compare your choices with others in the class. speaking speaking P 79 THiNK VALUES 3. Which of these top ten lists would interest you? Put a tick (√) or a cross (×). Add one more thing of your own that you think would make for an interesting top ten list. Lists 1 someone's favourite songs 2 things to do at the weekend in your town 3 books to read 4 things to do before you're twenty 5 ways to make money 6 things to do to relax and be happy 7 ___________________________________ P 79 Alternatives to if: suppose, provided,as long as, otherwise, unless VOCABULARY LOOK! • to hypothesise about the present: suppose + past simple, would + infinitive • to talk about a future possibility and its results: as long as / unless + present simple, will + infinitive P 79 Alternatives to if: suppose, provided,as long as,otherwise,unless VOCABULARY 1. Match the sentence halves from the blog. 1 Suppose you were in another country and saw this sign in a shop 2 You can visit these museums, 3 You might like this list, 4 I'll post your list, 5 Please send me a list, a provided it hasn't been done before. b as long as you have the money to travel. c - you'd laugh out loud. d otherwise I won’t have anything for next week. e unless you're from San Marino or American Samoa. c b e a d P 79 Alternatives to if: suppose, provided,as long as, otherwise, unless VOCABULARY 2. Which of the words in bold in Exercise 1 means: 1 but only if as long as / _____________ 2 imagine _______________ 3 if ... not ... ________________ 4 because if not _______________ provided suppose unless otherwise P 79 Alternatives to if: suppose, provided,as long as,otherwise,unless VOCABULARY 3. Choose the correct options. 1 I don't mind going to the cinema alone unless / provided / otherwise it’s a film I really want to see. 2 I think I should go home now, unless / provided / otherwise my parents will be worried. 3 You’ll do fine in the exam unless / provided / suppose you study enough. 4 I'll never speak to you again otherwise / unless / provided you say sorry right now! 5 OK, l’ll tell you what happened, as long as / suppose / unless you promise not to tell anyone else! 6 Suppose / Provided / Unless you weren't at school today. What would you do? P 79 1. Work in pairs. Read the sentences and discuss who is talking to whom and what they are talking about. Functions Saying 'Yes' and adding conditions 1 You can borrow it if you drive really carefully. (as long as) 2 Yes, you can go to the party, if you promise to be home by 11 o'clock. (provided) 3 If you don't help me, l’ll get really bad marks. (unless) 4 I'll fix it if you let me play games on it. (as long as) You can borrow it as long as you drive it really carefully. Yes, you can go to the party, provided you promise to be home by 11 o'clock. I'll get really bad marks unless you help me. l'll fix it as long as you let me play games on it. P 79 Functions Saying 'Yes' and adding conditions 5 Close the door, or it’ll get cold in here. (otherwise) 6 Yes, you can practise if you don't make a lot of noise. (provided) 7 Imagine you could play the guitar - what kind of music would you play? (suppose) Close the door, otherwise it'll get cold in here. Yes, you can practise, provided you don't make a lot of noise. Suppose you could play the guitar - what kind of music would you play? 1. Work in pairs. Read the sentences and discuss who is talking to whom and what they are talking about. P 79 3. A friend asks you these things. For each one, on what conditions would you say yes? Make notes. Functions Saying 'Yes' and adding conditions 1 Can I use your phone to make a call? no international phone calls / no long phone calls 2 Will you come shopping with me? 3 Please come to the football match with me. 4 Can I borrow your jacket, please? P 79 4. Use your notes in Exercise 3. Write your answers. Then work with a partner and act out the conversations for the situation. Functions Saying 'Yes' and adding conditions Yes, all right -- as long as / provided you don’t make any long calls on it. P 79 MAKING LISTS MAKING LISTS Culture 1. Centuries ago, there was a list of the ‘Seven Wonders of the Ancient World ’. Do you know any of the things or places that were on that list? 2. Read and listen to the article about the New Seven Wonders of the World. Which one is: ● the oldest? ● the newest? Petra is the oldest. Christ the Redeemer is the newest. P 80 MAKING LISTS The New Seven Wonders of the World Recently, an online poll was held to choose the New Seven Wonders of the World. Over 100 million people voted. Here are the seven winners - in no particular order. Chichen Itza, Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico This was an important city for the Mayans between about 800 and 1200 CE. A symbol of Mayan civilization, it was a centre for trade in things like cloth, honey and salt. Most photographs of Chichen Itza show a 24-metre high pyramid called EI Castillo. There is also a ruin known as EI Caracol which the Mayans used as an observatory - the view of the night sky from the top is beautiful. MAKING LISTS Christ the Redeemer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Built between 1922 and 1931, the 'Cristo Redentor' statue on Mount Corcovado has become a worldwide icon of Brazil. Constructed of concrete and soapstone, the statue is about thirty metres high (and stands on an eight-metre pedestal) and the outstretched arms measure 28 metres end to end. Designed by a Frenchman and built by Heitor da Silva Costa, it attracts thousands of visitors every year. The Colosseum, Rome, Italy This famous amphitheatre, built between 70 CE and 80 CE, was used by the Romans for about 500 years for all kinds of public spectacles. Now it is almost a complete ruin, as a result of earthquakes and the passage of time, but some parts can be visited. The Colosseum has become one of the most famous images of ltaly. MAKING LISTS Great Wall of China, China This amazing structure was built over a period of more than two thousand years, ending in the 16th century. It was built in order to keep out the hostile tribes of Mongolia on the other side. The Great Wall is not actually just one continuous wall, but a succession of many different ones. At around 6,500 kilometres, it's the longest man-made structure on the planet. Machu Picchu, Peru Sitting up high in the Andes, the Inca city of Machu Picchu is believed to have been a sacred place for the inhabitants of nearby Cusco. The Incas built it in the mid-1400s, though we don't really know how. The Incas abandoned the city and for many years, only local people knew about it, until it was rediscovered in 1911. Many tourists go there, mostly by train from Cusco. MAKING LISTS Petra, Jordan The city Petra flourished from nine BCE to 40 CE. It was the capital of the Nabataea Empire. The city was built in a desert area by the people of this civilisation, who were very skilled at finding and storing water. There are many buildings carved out of stone, an amphitheatre that held 4,000 people and a monastery. Petra became a World Heritage Site in 1985. Taj Mahal, Agra, India Built of white marble between 1632 and 1648, the world-famous Taj Mahal is thought of as one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. It's a mixture of Persian, Islamic, Turkish and Indian styles. It was built by Emperor Shah Jahan as the place to bury his wife Mumtaz Mahal when she died. lnside, there are flower gardens and pools. MAKING LISTS Wonders of the World Chichen Itza Christ the Redeemer The Colosseum Great Wall of China Machu Picchu Petra Taj Mahal Location Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Rome, Italy China Peru Jordan Agra, India Age 800 and 1200 CE between 1922 and 1931 between 70 CE and 80 CE ending in the 16th century in the mid-1400s nine BCE to 40 CE between 1632 and 1648 Feature 24-metre high pyramid called EI Castillo ; a ruin known as EI Caracol Constructed of concrete and soapstone; 28 metres end to end almost a complete ruin; but some parts can be visited it's the longest man-made structure on the planet at around 6,500 kilometres Sitting up high in the Andes built in a desert area; many buildings carved out of stone Built of white marble; mixture of Persian, Islamic, Turkish and Indian styles Meaning A symbol of Mayan civilization a worldwide icon of Brazil; attracts visitors one of the most famous images of ltaly keep out the hostile tribes of Mongolia on the other side a sacred place for the inhabitants of nearby Cusco became a World Heritage Site in 1985 one of the most beautiful buildings in the world MAKING LISTS A symbol of Mayan civilization, it was a centre for trade in things like cloth, honey and salt. a state of human society that is very developed and organized ①It's good to be back in civilization after two weeks in a tent! ②It's exciting to discover traces of earlier civilizations. civilization MAKING LISTS There is also a ruin known as EI Caracol which the Mayans used as an observatory - the view of the night sky from the top is beautiful. the parts of a building that remain after it has been destroyed or severely damaged ①The old temple is now little more than a ruin. ②We visited the ruins of a Norman castle. ruin MAKING LISTS There is also a ruin known as EI Caracol which the Mayans used as an observatory - the view of the night sky from the top is beautiful. a special building from which scientists watch the stars, the weather, etc. ①Guy's house was close to the observatory. ②The Observatory maintains a close watch on the local temperature changes. observatory MAKING LISTS Constructed of concrete and soapstone, the statue is about thirty metres high (and stands on an eight-metre pedestal) and the outstretched arms measure 28 metres end to end. constructed of 由...建成 to build or make sth such as a road, building or machine ①When was the bridge constructed? ②They constructed a shelter out of fallen branches. 过去分词做状语 construct MAKING LISTS Constructed of concrete and soapstone, the statue is about thirty metres high (and stands on an eight-metre pedestal) and the outstretched arms measure 28 metres end to end. building material that is made by mixing together cement , sand, small stones and water ①Wait for the concrete to go hard. ②The Romans were the first to use concrete as a building material. concrete MAKING LISTS Constructed of concrete and soapstone, the statue is about thirty metres high (and stands on an eight-metre pedestal) and the outstretched arms measure 28 metres end to end. the base that a column, statue, etc. rests on ①I replaced the vase carefully on its pedestal. ②The pedestal of the sculpture is made of wood. pedestal MAKING LISTS Constructed of concrete and soapstone, the statue is about thirty metres high (and stands on an eight-metre pedestal) and the outstretched arms measure 28 metres end to end. v.outstretch 拉（伸）长；扩张；展开；伸展;超越…的范围 ①He came running up to her, his arms outstretched. ②Two beggars came up to me with outstretched hands. outstretch MAKING LISTS Constructed of concrete and soapstone, the statue is about thirty metres high (and stands on an eight-metre pedestal) and the outstretched arms measure 28 metres end to end. sth. measures ... 主系表结构 系动词 ①The stick measures 2 metres long. ②The tree measures 3 metres high. ③The house is more than twenty metres long and measures six metres in width. MAKING LISTS Constructed of concrete and soapstone, the statue is about thirty metres high (and stands on an eight-metre pedestal) and the outstretched arms measure 28 metres end to end. 首尾相连地 ①He travelled France from end to end. ②We can provide seats for ten people if we put these two tables end to end. end to end MAKING LISTS This famous amphitheatre, built between 70 CE and 80 CE, was used by the Romans for about 500 years for all kinds of public spectacles. n.(尤指古希腊和古罗马的）露天圆形剧场，露天圆形竞技场 a round building without a roof and with rows of seats that rise in steps around an open space. Amphitheatres were used especially in ancient Greece and Rome for public entertainments. amphitheatre MAKING LISTS Now it is almost a complete ruin, as a result of earthquakes and the passage of time, but some parts can be visited. as a result of...(作)为…的结果；因为 ①She died as a result of her injuries. ②Millions will face starvation next year as a result of the drought. ③Many seabirds died as a result of the oil spill. As a result of____________________, all flights have been delayed. the heavy fog MAKING LISTS Now it is almost a complete ruin, as a result of earthquakes and the passage of time, but some parts can be visited. passage of time 时光流逝 ①They went on working taking no notice of the passage of time. ②Her confidence grew with the passage of time. With the passage of time,_____________________________________. the whole thing will be forgotten MAKING LISTS This amazing structure was built over a period of more than two thousand years, ending in the 16th century. The structure of something is the way in which it is made, built, or organized. the structure of the building 这座建筑物的结构 ①Doctors study the structure of the human body. structure MAKING LISTS It was built in order to keep out the hostile tribes of Mongolia on the other side. (in developing countries) a group of people of the same race, and with the same customs, language, religion, etc., living in a particular area and often led by a chief The village tribe is friendly and they share their water supply with you. tribe MAKING LISTS The Great Wall is not actually just one continuous wall, but a succession of many different ones. spreading in a line or over an area without any spaces ①The horizon is a continuous line. ②The rain has been continuous since this morning. continuous MAKING LISTS Sitting up high in the Andes, the Inca city of Machu Picchu is believed to have been a sacred place for the inhabitants of nearby Cusco. connected with God or a god; considered to be holy ①_______________is a sacred building. ②The eagle is the animal most sacred to the Native Americans. sacred A church MAKING LISTS Sitting up high in the Andes, the Inca city of Machu Picchu is believed to have been a sacred place for the inhabitants of nearby Cusco. a person or an animal that lives in a particular place ①He is an inhabitant of Beijing. ②She visited some cities of over three million inhabitants. inhabit v.居住 inhabitant MAKING LISTS The city Petra flourished from nine BCE to 40 CE, It was the capital of the Nabataea Empire. a group of countries or states that are controlled by one ruler or government the Roman empire 罗马帝国 ①The Roman Empire subjected most of Europe to its rule. ②His business empire was vast. empire MAKING LISTS The city was built in a desert area by the people of this civilisation, who were very skilled at finding and storing water. to put sth somewhere and keep it there to use later ①Animals store up food for the winter. ②He hoped the electronic equipment was safely stored away. store MAKING LISTS There are many buildings carved out of stone, an amphitheatre that held 4,000 people and a monastery, Petra became a World Heritage Site in 1985. a building in which monks (= members of a male religious community) live together ①The monastery is in a remote mountain pass. ②The monastery has taken in 26 refugees. monastery MAKING LISTS There are many buildings carved out of stone, an amphitheatre that held 4,000 people and a monastery, Petra became a World Heritage Site in 1985. the history, traditions and qualities that a country or society has had for many years and that are considered an important part of its character The building is part of our national heritage. heritage MAKING LISTS Built of white marble between 1632 and 1648, the world-famous Taj Mahal is thought of as one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. a type of hard stone that is usually white and often has coloured lines in it. It can be polished and is used in building and for making statues, etc. ①People often don't know that marble is a natural stone. marble MAKING LISTS It's a mixture of Persian, Islamic, Turkish and Indian styles. a combination of different things ①The city is a mixture of old and new buildings. ②A mixture of skill and good luck decided the outcome of the game. mixture MAKING LISTS Culture 3. Which place or thing : 1 is in a desert? 2 has architecture from diferent places mixed together? 3 has been damaged by natural events? 4 was designed to protect the people who built it? 5 was built in ways we don't really understand? 6 took nine years to construct? 7 was used to look at the stars? Petra Taj Mahal The Colosseum Great Wall of China Machu Picchu Christ the Redeemer Chichen Itza P 80 Culture 4. Match the highlighted words in the article to the definitions. 1 left the place for ever and never went back 2 put something into a hole in the ground 3 grew, developed very successfully 4 unfriendly and aggressive, wanting to attack 5 a famous thing or person that represents a group or country 6 exciting public shows or events 7 one thing coming after another 8 made by cutting abandoned bury flourished hostile icon spectacles succession carved P 81 Speaking Discuss in pairs or small groups. 1 Imagine you could choose one of the seven wonders to go and see. Which one would it be and why? 2 Think of two things from your country that you could campaign to be included in a list of seven wonders of the world. Give reasons to support your choice. P 81 Writing A Modern Wonder of the World: The Simplon Tunnel My choice for a modern wonder of the world is the Simplon Tunnel 1 at Switzerland. It’s actually two tunnels - railway tracks run through both of them. They’re each almost twenty kilometres long, so they're not 2 ... longest tunnels in the world now, but they were when they were built, back in the beginning 3 of the twentieth century. The first one was started in 1898 and opened in 1906. The other one was started in 1912 and was opened in 1921, so each one 4 has taken about eight years to construct. The first tunnel was built by drilling in both directions - when the two drill-holes met in 1905, they were only two centimetres out of alignment. In those days, that was a fantastic achievement. While it 5 was being built, about 3,000 people worked on the construction every in the took Writing A Modem Wonder of the World: The Simplon Tunnel day. The working conditions weren't very good - for example, it was often very hot inside - and more than sixty people died 6 while the building of the tunnel. The tunnel joins Switzerland and Italy, 7 and it has helped to make 8 ... travel between the two countries a lot easier 9 then it was before. Now, people can put their car on the train and take it through the tunnel, and so they don't have to drive over the Simplon Pass. I think this was a great thing to build all those years ago and it has made a big difference to the 10 whole of that part of Europe. during than Writing Essay 1. Read Javed's essay. Why does he think the Simplon Tunnel is a modern wonder of the world? Because they were the longest tunnels in the world when they were built. They were a big engineering achievement at the time. P 81 Writing Essay 2. Read the essay again. Ten things are underlined. Five of the things are mistakes, the other five are correct. Find an example of: • a spelling mistake • a mistake with the verb tense • a mistake with the wrong choice of connecting word • a preposition mistake • a mistake which is a missing word 9 4 6 1 2 P 81 Writing Essay 4. Look again at the list of kinds of mistakes in Exercise 2. 1 Are there other kinds of mistakes that people make in writing? What are they? (e.g. punctuation,...) 2 Does the list in Exercise 2 show the kinds of mistakes that you have sometimes made in your writing so far using this book? If you’ve made other kinds of mistake, what were they? 3 Make a checklist for yourself of ‘Mistakes I should try not to make when I write in English’. P 81 Writing Essay 5. You’re going to write an essay entitled: ‘A Modern Wonder of the World’. 1 Look at question 2 in the Speaking exercise above. Choose one of the things that you discussed there. 2 Make notes about why you think this thing is a good choice for a modern wonder of the world. P 81 Writing Essay 6. Write your essay in 150-200 words. • Make sure you state clearly what your choice is, and say where and what it is. • Give reasons for your choice being a ‘wonder of the world'. • When you have written your text, read it through again and use your checklist of personal mistakes (Exercise 4.3) to make as sure as possible that there are no mistakes in your writing. P 81 ÇúÄ¿ 8 δ֪ÒÕÊõ¼Ò δ֪³ªÆ¬¼¯ (2018-02-02 15:10:43), track 8 δ֪Á÷ÅÉ 192951.42 Lavf58.76.100 The Checklist Manifesto chronicles Gawande's discoveries about checklists, the insights he learned from various industries and his personal experiences, with specific tips and examples on how you can develop and use checklists. 👉 FREE Creative Assets: https://bit.ly/kbottle 👉 A 90-Day Self-Project: Discipline, Mindset, Direction : https://bit.ly/31u6LBM 👉 Grow Your Twitter : https://gumroad.com/a/279278707/XFFpt 👉 Course on How I plan My Projects using Notion 👉 Course on Roam Research for Creatives Get 2 months FREE Skillshare PREMIUM Membership - https://skl.sh/374ZQ2t Grow Your YOUTUBE channel with Tube Buddy Automation Tools 👉 https://www.tubebuddy.com/kbottle 🔴 easy SUBSCRIBE here - http://bit.ly/2Os7tIl ☕ support the Channel & Buy a coffee https://www.buymeacoffee.com/Knowledg... 💌 Sign up to my weekly email newsletter - https://kbottle.substack.com/welcome - distilled bits of actionable advice 🌍 My website / blog - https://www.robertblanc.com/🌍 My Medium Profile - https://medium.com/@knowledgebottle 📸 Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/robsblanc/ 🐦 Twitter - https://twitter.com/robsblanc 🧠 Discord - https://discord.gg/HrTgVSp Who am I: I spend my evenings making YouTube videos and writing articles about tech, productivity and philosophy. I have a lot of dumb ideas. I tend to write them down and then revisit them from time to time. Sometimes, the world and/or my own understanding of it has moved enough to where it can now be taken to a new place. I also write a weekly email newsletter that contains some quick thoughts + links to interesting things I found while digging the internet (https://kbottle.substack.com/welcome) If you’d like to talk, I’d love to hear from you. Tweeting @robsblanc directly will be the quickest way to get a response, but if your question is very long, feel free to email me at knowthebottle@gmail.com Enjoy! Downloaded using YoutubeDownloader (https://github.com/Tyrrrz/YoutubeDownloader) Video: The Checklist Manifesto by ATUL GAWANDE Video URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qw9SJp--oi8 Channel: Robert's Theory Channel URL: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCCEA3YxboInao_FykHh43kg DC's Legends of Tomorrow - S04E06 - Tender Is the Nate Lavf58.45.100 Lavf58.45.100 Lavf58.45.100 Lavf58.45.100 From Academy Award® winning director Roger Ross Williams, LIFE, ANIMATED is the inspirational story ÇúÄ¿ 9 δ֪ÒÕÊõ¼Ò δ֪³ªÆ¬¼¯ (2018-02-02 15:10:43), track 9 δ֪Á÷ÅÉ 172103.67 ÇúÄ¿ 10 δ֪ÒÕÊõ¼Ò δ֪³ªÆ¬¼¯ (2018-02-02 15:10:43), track 10 δ֪Á÷ÅÉ 15751.752 Lavf58.28.100 Downloaded using YoutubeDownloader (https://github.com/Tyrrrz/YoutubeDownloader) Video: NEW Seven Wonders of the World 2020 Video URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W6AWgDrolB4 Channel: BEAUTIFUL PLACES IN THE WORLD Channel URL: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVWmQ9YAiCzrgi93Q8-8TcQ Here are the NEW Seven Wonders of the World 2020 Enjoy Watching! LIKE and SHARE this video To see more BEAUTIFUL PLACES IN THE WORLD, SUBSCRIBE to this CHANNEL: https://youtube.com/c/BEAUTIFULPLACESINTHEWORLD This presentation contains images that were used under a Creative Commons License. Click here to see the full list of images and attributions: https://link.attribute.to/cc/1292385 FOLLOW ME at Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/beautifulplacesworld2020 #sevenwonders ÇúÄ¿ 13 δ֪ÒÕÊõ¼Ò δ֪³ªÆ¬¼¯ (2018-02-02 15:10:43), track 13 δ֪Á÷ÅÉ 207241.8 $$