专题04 动词的时态和语态 - 2023-2024学年高二英语下学期期末考点大串讲（人教版2019）

动词的时态和语态 目录 CONTENTS 动词的难点 动词的语态 动词的时态 动词的概述 PPT模板 http:///moban/ 动词的概述 PART ONE 壹 模板来自于：第一PPT https:/// 3 1.什么是动词? 表动作或状态的词。 谓语动词；非谓语动词。 动词 动词是用来描述主语的动作、行为或状态的词，用来说明主语是什么、处于什么状态或做什么，是句子不可缺少的部分。 2.动词的分类 按句法功能 Vi.不及物动词： I come. I go. I fail. I win. Vt.及物动词： I take a book. I love him. He give me a book. I send him a letter. He made Mary angry. He found Tony crying. 本身意思完整的动词 本身意思不完整，需要添加宾语才能表达完整意思 主谓宾 主谓双宾 主谓宾宾补 实义动词：具有实际意义的动词 系动词+形容词/名词 be 类：am, is, are, was, were (是...) seem, appear(似乎是） 感官动词：sound, taste, feel, look, 表变化：become, go, turn, get 证明是： prove, turn out 表持续：stay, remain, keep It tastes sweet. It sounds good. She looks tired. She is an actress. The news finally proved (to be) true. The leaves turn yellow when the autumn is coming. He got angry when he heard the news. 助动词：帮助动词变形，变态 ①be 类：am, is, are, was, were ②do类： do, does, did ③have 类：have, has, had ④will类： will, would ⑤情态动词：can, could, must, should I am reading a book. Do you like apples? I don't like apples. I have learned 3000 words. I will go to Beijing next month. I can play basketball. + doing/ done/to do +动词原形 +done +动词原形 +动词原形 3.动词的形式 　　实义动词有五种形式：原形、第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。 （1）第三人称单数变化规则 情况 构成 示例 一般情况 加-s graduate→graduates　work→works　 employ→employs 以-s、-x、-sh、 -ch、-o结尾 加-es access→accesses relax→relaxes finish→finishes catch→catches　　 do→does 以辅音字母+y结尾 变y为i，再加-es apply→applies satisfy→satisfies identify→identifies 3.动词的形式 （2）过去式、过去分词变化规则 情况 构成 示例 一般情况 加-ed design—designed—designed　     astonish—astonished—astonished 以不发音的e结尾 加-d decide—decided—decided recognize—recognized—recognized 以辅音字母+y结尾 变y为i，再加-ed study—studied—studied identify—identified—identified 以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母 双写词尾辅音字母后加 -ed plan—planned—planned　　　 occur—occurred—occurred stop—stopped—stopped permit—permitted—permitted 以发/k/音的字母c结尾 加-ked panic—panicked—panicked picnic—picnicked—picnicked 说明：部分实义动词的过去式、过去分词形式并不遵循变化规则，详见附录“常见不规则动词变化表”。 3.动词的形式 情