选择性必修第一册 Unit 2 Onwards and upwards-【金版教程】2025年高考英语一轮复习解决方案全书word（新教材，外研版）

金版教程　高考科学复习解决方案　英语［W］ 一　词汇过关测＋练 1．endurance：en­进入；dur持久；­ance名词后缀→进入持久，引申词义：(忍)耐力 2．rejection：re­回，向后；ject投，射；­ion名词后缀→向后投，引申词义：拒绝，否决 3．persevere：per­始终；severe严格的，严厉的→始终严格的，引申词义：锲而不舍，坚持不懈 4．manuscript：manu­手；script写→手写，引申词义：手稿，底稿 5．inform：in­进入；form 形式，形状→进入形式，引申词义：通知，告知 1．orchestra n. (大型的)管弦乐队 2．overnight adv. 突然，一下子 3．blanket n. 毯子，毛毯 4．nevertheless adv. 然而，不过 5．intoxicate v. 使兴奋，使陶醉 6．best­seller n. 畅销书；畅销产品 7．guarantee v. 保证；确保 8．debt n. 债务，欠款 9．pace n. 速度；进度 10．outcome n. 结果，后果 11．worthwhile adj. 重要的；值得做的 12．contest n. 比赛，竞赛 13．upset adj. 心烦意乱的，烦恼的 14．worthy adj. 值得尊敬的；值得赞赏的 15．companionship n. 友谊；友好交往 16．fingertip n. 指尖 17．outline n. 外形，轮廓 18．probe v. 调查；探究 19．dawn n. 黎明，破晓 20．mighty adj. 强有力的；雄伟的 1.(2023·浙江高考1月)When you're riding on trains, you won't be provided with a blanket (毯子) for free, even if your trip is an overnight one. 2．(2024·广东省四校高三第一次联考)Want to explore new cultures, meet new people and do something worthwhile (值得做的) at the same time? 3．(2023·北京高考)Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes (结果)． 4．(译林XB2­U3)As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace (速度), however, questions arise about how to use it appropriately. 5．(2024·山东省潍坊市(安丘、高密、诸城)高三过程性检测)This version was designed by an American woman named Josephine Cochrane after the death of her husband, which left her with no source of income and a significant amount of debt (债务)． 6．(2024·湘豫名校联考高三质量检测)Visiting Christmas isn't for the weak heart—it's in Michigan's Upper Peninsula, all but guaranteed (保证) to be snowy in December. 7．(2024·浙江省绍兴市高三模拟预测)When she came home, her mother noticed right away that Devi was upset (心烦意乱的)． 8．(2024·四川省成都市树德中学高三检测)On my way home, as dawn (黎明) made way for day, I thought about how similar night hikes were to journeys through life. 1．inform v. 通知，告知→information n. 信息→informed adj. 有学问的；有见识的 2．criticism n. 批评；指责→criticise vt.& vi. 批评，批判，挑剔，指责；评价 3．rarely adv. 很少，难得→rare adj. 稀有的，少见的 4．rejection n. 拒绝，否决→reject vt. 拒绝接受，不予考虑；不录用；排斥，排异 5．persevere v. 锲而不舍，坚持不懈→perseverance n. 坚持不懈；不屈不挠 6．dread v. 畏惧，惧怕→dreadful adj. 可怕的，令人不快的→dreadfully adv. 可怕地，极其 7．classic n. 名著；经典作品→classical adj. 古典的；经典的 8．endurance n. (忍)耐力→endure v. 忍耐；持续 9．delighted adj. 愉快的，高兴的→delight n. 使人高兴的事　v. 使高兴，使愉快→delightful adj. 令人愉快的，讨人喜欢的 10．mere adj. 仅仅，只不过→merely adv. 仅仅，只不过 11．elect v. 选举，推选→election n. 选举，推选 12．blessing n. 幸事，幸运→bless v. 求上帝保佑，祈神赐福，祝福 13．appreciative adj. 感激的；欣赏的→appreciate v. 欣赏，感激→appreciation n. 欣赏，感激 14．enthusiastic adj. 热心的，热衷的→enthusiasm n. 热心，热忱，热情 15．gentleness n. 和蔼，温和→gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的→gently adv. 轻柔地，温和地 16．revelation n. 展现，显示→revelatory adj. 泄露的，启示的 17．embarrassed adj. 难堪的，尴尬的→embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的→embarrass vt. 使窘迫，使尴尬；使困惑；使为难→embarrassment n. 窘迫，难堪；使人为难的人或事物；拮据 18．descend v. 降临；来临→descent n. 下降→descendant adj. 下降的；降落的 19．literary adj. 文学的→literature n. 文学；文献；著作 20．permanent adj. 长久的；永久的→permanently adv. 永久地，长久地→permanence n. 永久，持久性 1.If you have further information as to this matter, please inform me. (inform) 2．In rare cases, when they have no options, they find that women rarely check the rear view mirror. (rare) 3．When you grow up, you have to know how to accept rejection and reject acceptance. (reject) 4．I don't mean no one should criticise me. Instead, I welcome criticism. (criticise) 5．To his delight, he took first place in the exam. His parents were delighted to know about it. (delight) 6．It is clear from the election results that the elected president is broadly representative. (elect) 7．People with an appreciation of art and literature can appreciate works of art. (appreciate) 8．What you did was embarrassing, making the guest very embarrassed and it also embarrassed me. (embarrass) 1　debt [熟义]　n. 债务，欠款 [生义]　n. 情义，恩情 I would like to acknowledge my debt to my teachers. 我想向我的老师表达我的感激之情。 2　inform [熟义]　v. 通知，告知 [生义]　v. 影响 Religion informs every aspect of their lives. 宗教影响着他们生活的各个方面。 3　dawn [熟义]　n. 黎明，破晓 [生义]　n. 开端 This marked the dawn of a new era in human history. 这标志着人类历史上一个新纪元的开端。 4　embarrassed [熟义]　adj. 难堪的，尴尬的 [生义]　adj. 拮据的，陷入经济困境的 He has no job and is financially embarrassed. 他没有工作，经济拮据。 小积累 1.后缀­tive高频形容词集锦 ①appreciative 感激的；欣赏的 ②creative 有创造性的 ③effective 有效的 ④attractive 有吸引力的 ⑤interactive 互动的 2.“突然”家族 ①overnight ②suddenly ③abruptly ④all of a sudden ⑤all at once 3.人的心情的差异化 ①dread 畏惧，惧怕 ②enthusiastic 热心的，热衷的 ③upset 心烦意乱的，烦恼的 ④appreciative 感激的 ⑤embarrassed 尴尬的；难堪的 二　语块过关测＋练 1．survive on 靠……生存 2．keep doing sth 坚持做某事 3．stick to 坚持 4．interact with 与……交流 5．give up 放弃 6．pass on 传递 7．make use of 利用 8．translate ... into 将……翻译成 9．be worth doing sth 值得做某事 10．worthy of 值得……的；值得 11．probe into 探究，探索 12．be anxious to do sth 急于做某事 1.(2023·全国乙卷)It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain's consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. 2．(2024·广东省深圳市罗湖区部分学校高三模拟)When it comes to foods that are more than worthy of being posted all over social media, Chinese sugar painting, a traditional Chinese form of folk art, deserves some time in the spotlight. 3．(2024·江苏省南京市金陵中学高三检测)As far as I know, he had survived on a small bottle of water in the desert before he was found. 4．(2024·江苏省南通市如皋市高三调研)I was anxious to meet Carlyn face­to­face for the first time. 5．(2024·广东省汕头市金禧中学高三阶段考试)The finding suggests that like humans, insects also interact with objects as a form of play. 6．(2024·安徽省皖豫联盟高三毕业班第二次联考)To people with grit, failure is not a reason to give up. 三　句式迁移练 1．have sth done让某事被做 【迁移创新】There is something wrong with my father's computer. He wants to have someone to check it and have it repaired. 我父亲的电脑出了点儿问题。他想找人来检查修理一下。 2．祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句 【迁移创新】Read this story, and you will realize that intelligence and wisdom cannot be bought with money. 读了这个故事，你就会明白，聪明和智慧是金钱买不到的。 3．only位于句首的倒装句 【迁移创新】Only when he returned did we find out the truth. 直到他回来，我们才知道真相。 Ⅰ 忆课文·语篇理解 “We regret to inform you ...” are the words every writer dreads receiving but knows well. Success rarely happens overnight and many 1 (success) writers have faced rejection. J. K. Rowling received her first rejection along the lines of “too difficult for children”， “too long”. Nevertheless, she persevered. After twelve 2 (rejection), Harry Potter was printed and became a global success. Writers have had to face criticism. J. D. Salinger 3 (receive) “We don't know the central character well” on his manuscript for The Catcher in the Rye. He didn't give up and worked on the novel throughout 4 (he) war service. When published, the book became 5 immediate best­seller. The prize for 6 (persevere) should go to three sisters from Victorian England. Even when the book sold only two copies, they didn't give 7 . Today Charlotte Brontё's Jane Eyre, Emily Brontё's Wuthering Heights and Anne Brontё's Agnes Grey 8 (regard) as classics of world literature. Talent alone isn't enough 9 (guarantee) success. While hard work and luck play a part, perseverance is the key. Keep trying 10 eventually you will read “We are delighted to inform you ...”． 1． 　2. 　3. 　4. 　5. 　6. 　7. 　8. 　9． 　10. 答案：1.successful　2.rejections　3.received　4.his　5.an　6.perseverance　7.up　8.are regarded　9.to guarantee　10.and I cannot see. I have imagined 1 I should most like to see if I 2 (give) the use of my eyes, say for just for three days. On the first day, I want to see the people 3 kindness, gentleness and companionship have made my life worth 4 (live). I like to see the books which have been read. I take a long walk in the woods 5 intoxicate my eyes on the beauties of nature. On the second day, I like 6 (go) to the museums and spend the evening at a theater or at the movies. On the third day, I again eagerly greet the dawn, 7 (anxiety) to discover new delights and beauty. I should spend the day in the workaday world. At midnight, permanent night would close in on me and I would realize how much I had left unseen. Use 8 (you) eyes as if tomorrow you would be stricken blind. The same method can be applied 9 the other senses. But of all the senses, I am sure that sight must be the 10 (delightful)． 1． 　2. 　3. 　4. 　5. 　6. 　7. 　8. 　9． 　10. 答案：1.what　2.were given　3.whose　4.living　5.and　6.to go　7.anxious　8.your　9.to　10.most delightful Ⅱ 学思悟·重点突破 1　 inform vt. 通知，告知(☞information n. 信息 ☞informed adj. 了解情况的，见多识广的) 【知识归纳】 (1)inform sb of/about/that ... 通知/告知某人…… (2)keep sb informed of/about ... 使某人随时了解…… 【语用点拨】 (1)Please inform us of/about any changes of address. 地址若有变动请随时通知我。(情况介绍) (2)My daughter informed me that she had passed the exam. 我女儿告诉我她已经通过了考试。(动作描写) (3)Please keep us informed of/about the status of this project. 请随时告知我们该项目的进展情况。(场景介绍) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It's necessary for us to keep the new staff informed (inform) of the procedure of taking office. ②Would you please inform me of/about your plan in advance, so I can make arrangements accordingly? ③Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane is viewed as important for scientists to get together and exchange information (inform)． ④我很抱歉地通知你，周末我不能和你外出了。 I'm sorry to inform you that I will fail to go out with you this weekend. 2　 guarantee v. 保证；确保　n. 保证；担保；保修单 【知识归纳】 (1)guarantee to do sth 保证做某事 guarantee sb sth＝guarantee sth to sb 保证某人得到某物；向某人保证某事 guarantee that ... 保证…… be guaranteed to do sth 保证会做某事 (2)under guarantee 在保修期内 give sb a guarantee that ... 向某人担保/保证…… 【语用点拨】 (1)These days getting a degree doesn't guarantee you a job. 如今获得学位并不能保证你就有工作。(情况描述) (2)We cannot guarantee (that) our flights will never be delayed. 我们不能保证我们的航班从来不会误点。(情况描述) (3)We guarantee to deliver your goods within a week. 我们保证一周内交货。(动作描写) (4)That kind of behaviour is guaranteed to make him angry. 那种行为肯定会让他生气。(个人感受) (5)The watch is still under guarantee. 这只手表仍在保修期内。(事实描写) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/句型转换/完成句子 ①I guarantee to accompany (accompany) you to the park at the weekend as long as I am free. ②The camper has a two­year guarantee, and now it is still under guarantee. ③If I do chance to find out where she is, I guarantee to inform you immediately. →If I do chance to find out where she is, I guarantee that I will inform you immediately. (guarantee v．) →If I do chance to find out where she is, I will give a guarantee that I will inform you immediately. (guarantee n．) ④我可以向你保证我们数码相机的质量。 I can guarantee you the quality of our digital camera. 3　 delighted adj. 愉快的，高兴的 (☞delight n. 使人高兴的事　v. 使高兴；使愉快 ☞delightful adj. 使人快乐的；令人愉快的；宜人的) 【知识归纳】 (1)be delighted at/with/by ... 对……高兴 be delighted to do sth 很高兴做某事 be delighted that ... 很高兴…… delight in .../doing ... 以……为乐(尤指做使别人感到尴尬、不舒服的事) (2)take delight in (doing) ... 高兴(做)……；以(做)……为乐 to one's delight＝to the delight of sb 令某人高兴的是 in/with delight 高兴地，乐意地 【语用点拨】 (1)a delighted smile 一个愉快的微笑(神态描写) (2)I was delighted that you could stay. 很高兴你能留下来。(情感描写) (3)She was delighted by/at the news of the wedding. 听到婚礼的消息她很高兴。(情感描写) (4)a feeling of sheer/pure delight 十分高兴的心情(情感描写) (5)The children squealed with delight when they saw the puppy. 孩子们看到小狗时高兴得大声尖叫。(动作描写) (6)She won the game easily, to the delight of all her fans. 这场比赛她赢得很轻松，令所有的崇拜者大为高兴。(情感描述) (7)Haig took obvious delight in proving his critics wrong. 黑格显然很乐意证明他的批评者是错的。(个人感受) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/同义句转换/完成句子 ①I am very delighted to teach (teach) you something about Tang poems. ②It gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful (delight) word. ③On seeing the gifts they wanted, the kids screamed in/with delight. ④To the composer's delight, he finally got the chance to participate in the contest. ⑤Only when you take delight in reading and being reading good books will you taste the pleasure of reading. →Only when you delight in reading and being reading good books will you taste the pleasure of reading. ⑥我们很高兴听到我们要去海南度过暑假的消息。 We are delighted at the news that we are going to spend our summer holiday in Hainan. 4　 enthusiastic adj. 热心的，热衷的(☞enthusiasm n. 热情，热忱 ☞enthusiastically adv. 热情地 ☞enthusiast n. 热衷者) 【知识归纳】 (1)be/seem enthusiastic about 对/似乎对……热心，(似乎)热衷于 (2)with (great) enthusiasm (非常)热情地 enthusiasm for 对……的热情 【语用点拨】 (1)Tom was very enthusiastic about the place. 汤姆曾非常热衷于那个地方。(个人感受) (2)her energy and enthusiasm for life 她的精力和对生活的热情(人物描写) (3)The announcement was greeted enthusiastically. 这则通告受到了热烈的欢迎。(场景描写) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He has always been very enthusiastic about sports. ②Bernard and Jack still made popcorn enthusiastically (enthusiast) in spite of several failures. ③Without correct leadership, the enthusiasm (enthusiastic) of the masses can not be sustained. ④You need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job. ⑤他兴致勃勃地讲述了他是如何发现这些动物并接近它们的。 With great enthusiasm, he talked about how he found the animals and approached them. 5　 upset adj. 心烦意乱的，烦恼的；不高兴的，失望的　vt. 使不高兴，使失望，使心烦意乱；打翻，弄翻 【知识归纳】 (1)be upset about sth 为某事烦心/难过 be upset to do sth 对做某事感到不安/难过 (2)It upsets/upset sb to do sth/that ... 让某人心烦的是…… what upsets/upset sb is ... 让某人心烦(难过)的是…… 【语用点拨】 (1)It upset him that nobody had bothered to tell him about it. 让他不高兴的是，谁也没把这件事告诉他。 (个人感受) (2)It upsets me to think of her all alone in that big house. 想到她孤身一人守着那所大房子，我就感到不舒服。(心理描写) (3)She's been very depressed and upset about this whole situation. 她对整个形势感到非常沮丧和不安。(人物描写) (4)She was very upset to hear that the holiday had been cancelled. 听说假期取消了，她很难过。(个人感受) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/句型转换 ①The relatives were upset to hear (hear) that the new couple would be apart for no reason. ②I was upset about the saying “You are not suitable for the position you applied for.” ③You will return to your country soon and that makes me upset. →I am upset that you will return to your country soon. (that宾语从句) →What upsets me is that you will return to your country soon. (what主语从句) →It upsets me that you will return to your country soon. (it作形式主语) 6　worthy of 值得……的 【知识归纳】 (1)worthy adj. 值得(或应得)……的 be worthy of sth 值得某事 be worthy of being done＝be worthy to be done ……值得做 (2)worth adj. 值得的；值……钱的；有……价值的 be worth sth 值多少钱 be worth (doing) sth 值得做某事 (3)worthwhile adj. 值得做的；重要的；有益的 It is worthwhile doing/to do sth 做某事是值得的 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Your diligence is worthy of encouragement, but effort does not equal accomplishment. ②There is no event in my reminiscences worthy of being preserved (preserve) for all time. ③电视上根本没有什么值得看的节目。 There's never anything worth watching on TV. 7　“only＋状语/状语从句”置于句首的倒装句 【知识归纳】 (1)条件：only放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或状语从句等)时，句子需要部分倒装。 (2)结构：only＋状语＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语＋其他。 【名师点津】(1)“only＋从句”放在句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装。 (2)only放在句首修饰主语时，句子不倒装。 【语境运用】单句语法填空/句型转换/完成句子 ①Only when each logical step has been checked by other mathematicians will the proof be accepted. ②We found the truth when he returned. →Only when he returned did we find the truth． ③只有具备适当资格的申请人才会被公司考虑。 Only applicants with proper qualifications will be considered by the company． Ⅲ 语基过关检测 维度一　单句语法填空 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time. 2．(2023·北京高考)I thought the rejection (reject) meant the end of the road for my science career. 3．(译林XB2­U2)The crowd immediately recognized that they were listening to something truly special, and they broke into enthusiastic (enthusiasm) cheers at the end of the symphony. 4．(2024·四川省成都市树德中学高三适应性模拟)Where they once witnessed anger and hatred, they now noted a gentleness (gentle) and love. 5．No composer was considered worthy of the name until he had written an opera. 6．(2024·湖南省衡阳市第八中学高三月考)We can't guarantee to see (see) customers without an appointment. 7．(北师XB2­U4)Zeng Chun was absolutely delighted (delight) with the outcome. 8．(2024·江苏省常州市联盟校高三调研)Appreciative (appreciate)of their unwavering help, I later expressed my gratitude through a heartfelt thank­you note. 9．(2024·湖北省仙桃市田家炳实验高级中学高三月考)One day Officer Jackson and Steve were discussing a serious case when they were informed of a disturbance in the nearby subway. 10．(2024·广西桂平市金田中学高三月考)When you're really upset about something, you're not in the right mindset to do homework. 维度二　语篇练习 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 With life ①being made up of (由……组成) ups and downs, it is not always easy to maintain a good and ②enthusiastic (热心的) attitude. Nevertheless, ③looking on the bright side(看到好的一面) is the best thing that we can do for ourselves as well as for others. A good attitude can ④have a positive effect on (对……有积极的影响) other people. So if someone you know is feeling low, lend them an ear and try to ⑤cheer them up (使他们振奋起来). Remember, your attitude is contagious, so make sure you pass on a good one! Ⅳ 读写用·素养提升 维度一　一词多义/熟词生义 (一)根据语境选出加黑词dawn的词性和含义 A．n. 开端　B．n. 黎明，破晓 1．He works from dawn till dusk. 2．That marks the dawn of the radio age. 答案：1.B　2.A (二)根据语境选出加黑词embarrassed的词性和含义 A．adj. 拮据的，陷入经济困境的　B．adj. 难堪的，尴尬的 1．In the end, he admitted that he was in embarrassed budget. 2．Her remark was followed by an embarrassed silence. 答案：1.A　2.B 维度二　构词法 (2024·陕西省渭南市高三一模)Miro has temporarily abandoned literary fiction in favour of a new series of historical fantasy novels. 合成词：liter 字母，字＋ary 与……有关的→与文字有关的；literary意为文学的。 维度三　长难句分析 (2023·全国乙卷)If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. 一划主干：you cannot do it。 二括修饰：if引导条件状语从句；a history是同位语；that引导定语从句；because引导原因状语从句；while连接并列句。 三会意：如果你要讲述一部不偏袒于某部分人类的世界史，仅仅通过文字是不够的，因为只有一部分世界曾经有文字，在世界的大部分地方，大部分时间里，都没有文字。 维度四　写作提能 完成句子/词汇升级/一句多译 1．在线学习30分钟后休息片刻，否则长时间盯着屏幕对眼睛有害。(意见表述) Take a short break after learning online for 30 minutes, or staring at the screen for a long time is harmful to your eyes. 2．直到1886年，商业上第一台成功的洗碗机才被发明出来。(告知信) It was not until 1886 that the first commercially successful dishwasher was invented. 3．She feared to tell him the truth. dreaded 4．The farmers have been seeking higher prices as better protection from foreign competition. contest 5．这本参考书值得买，因为它对你的学习很有帮助。 The reference book is worth buying, because it is a great help for your study. (worth) ＝The reference book is worthy to be bought, because it is a great help for your study. (worthy) ＝The reference book is worthy of being bought, because it is a great help for your study. (worthy) ＝It is worthwhile buying/to buy the reference book, because it is a great help for your study. (worthwhile) 课时作业 Ⅰ.阅读 A (2023·四川绵阳江油中学高三月考)Life is competitive—some kids can do something faster or better than other kids. This might not seem fair, but all people are different and how well you can do something is different to others. This means there are “winners” and “losers”， and lots of people are neither winners nor losers but in­between. You can choose to be a good winner or an even better loser whether you are competing against others or yourself. Being a “good” winner No one likes a “show off”． No one likes someone who takes all the praise for the efforts of a team. No one likes people who put others down to make themselves look good. To be a good winner you need to： ◆ Be modest (谦虚的)． ◆ Thank those who helped you for their efforts. ◆ Keep trying to improve your skills. ◆ Aim for the next step up in whatever you are doing well. Being an even better loser Of course it's disappointing to lose, especially if you are close to winning. Behaving badly or angrily, name­calling and going on about things being “unfair” won't change the final result and will only make you look like a bad sport. And no one likes bad sports either. To be an even better loser you need to： ◆ Behave politely, nicely and kindly. ◆ Congratulate the other team. ◆ Keep any negative (消极的) thoughts to yourself—at least until you are away from the game. It's OK to let out your negative thoughts to your best friend or parents later. And if you don't do very well in a game, try harder to learn for the next one. Improving yourself makes you a winner too. 篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了如何正确地对待生活中的“输”和“赢”。 1．Which one is not proper if we succeed? A．Going on improving our skills. B．Telling our team members to aim higher. C．Thanking our team members for their efforts. D．Putting down others to make ourselves look good. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据Being a “good” winner部分中的“No one likes people who put others down to make themselves look good.”可知，没人喜欢为了让自己看起来很好而贬低别人的人，所以，成功后去贬低别人不是一种合适的做法。故选D。 2．What should a better loser do when losing? A．Let out his anger to his parents at once. B．Express his negative feelings in the game. C．Try harder to improve himself in the next game. D．Behave badly to his team members or competitors. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“And if you don't do very well in a game, try harder to learn for the next one.”可知，当失败时，一个更好的失败者应该在比赛失利后为下一场比赛努力学习，以便提升自己。故选C。 3．What is the passage written for? A．Telling us what we can learn from losing. B．Offering advice on what we can do to win. C．Encouraging us to become a winner instead of a loser. D．Giving advice on how to deal with winning and losing. 答案：D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“You can choose to be a good winner or an even better loser whether you are competing against others or yourself.(你可以选择成为一个好的赢家，也可以选择成为一个更好的输家，无论你是与他人还是与自己竞争。)”及下文可推知，本文的目的是就如何处理“输”和“赢”提出一些建议。故选D。 B (2023·贵州贵阳高三统考期末)There is a dangerous view in today's society, and it is a restriction to happiness, success, and growth. The view states that human beings are inner fragile (内在脆弱) and that the only way to be happy and successful in life is to protect oneself by avoiding misfortune. Not only are those statements false, but the actions we take believing them—to be “protective” also usually limit happiness and even stop personal and professional growth. Take sports as an example, seldom do those who play the game of life not to lose ever really win. Rather than fear and try to avoid all misfortune, perhaps we should accept the misfortune and the occasional crises in life and prepare for them. As a muscle grows stronger with stress, so can people, teams, organizations, even communities. Crisis reveals true strength. Sports psychologists Fletcher and Sarkar have studied Olympic gold medal winners. They conclude, “Indeed, most of the participants argued that if they had not experienced certain types of stressors at specific times, including highly demanding misfortunes, they would not have won their gold medals.” Psychologists Richard Tedeschi and Lawrence Calhoun created the term “posttraumatic growth”. They describe it as the experience of positive change that occurs as a result of highly challenging life crises. It is shown in a variety of ways, including an increased appreciation for life in general, more meaningful interpersonal relationships, an increased sense of personal strength, changed priorities, and a richer existential and spiritual life. The remarkable success stories that can arise after moments of great challenge and failure are countless. Thomas Edison failed thousands of times trying to create a light bulb filament (灯丝) that would light and burn in a consistent manner, but finally created the world's first practical light bulb. Harland Sanders developed the brand Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) in his 60s while recovering from a failed career as a lawyer. There are thousands of other lesser­known people, whose lives are characterized by key moments of great recovery from difficulty. Let us understand that growth arises from challenge and even failure. The myth of fragility and overprotection keeps us all from realizing our full potential. 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。成长源于挑战和失败。错误地认为自己很脆弱、需要过度保护会使我们无法充分发挥自己的潜力。 4．What does the “dangerous view” say about people? A．People are born shy. B．People are afraid of misfortune. C．People want wealth. D．People are often in need of help. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，当今社会有一种危险的观点，这种观点认为，人的内心是脆弱的，在生活中获得快乐和成功的唯一途径就是通过避免不幸来保护自己，即“危险的观点”认为人们害怕不幸。故选B。 5．What is the author's opinion about misfortune? A．It's a must in life and the more, the better. B．It mostly comes from our fragile inner heart. C．It's often met by world famous sports stars. D．It should be treated with the right attitude. 答案：D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Rather than fear and try to avoid ... prepare for them.(与其害怕和试图避免所有的不幸，也许我们应该接受不幸和生活中偶尔出现的危机，并为此做好准备。)”可推知，作者认为应该以正确的态度对待生活中的不幸。故选D。 6．What does the two psychologists' term imply? A．A failed life is not worth living at all. B．People need always lead a worriless life. C．Positive changes will occur after crises. D．Try not to express our opinions in public. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，心理学家Richard Tedeschi (理查德·泰德斯)和Lawrence Calhoun (劳伦斯·卡尔霍恩)创造了“创伤后成长”这个术语。他们将其描述为经历极具挑战性的生活危机后产生的积极变化。由此可知，“posttraumatic growth” 一词暗示着危机过后会有积极的变化。故选C。 7．Why are the stories of Thomas Edison and Harland Sanders inspiring? A．They made great inventions. B．They got remarkable support. C．They didn't easily give up. D．They restricted their potential. 答案：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，Thomas Edison (托马斯·爱迪生)失败了数千次，但最终创造出了世界上第一个可用的白炽灯。Harland Sanders (哈兰德·桑德斯)在60多岁时从失败的律师生涯中恢复过来，创立了肯德基品牌。由此可推知，Thomas Edison和Harland Sanders的故事鼓舞人心是因为他们没有轻易放弃。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·浙江省强基联盟高三模拟)Some people measure success by the wealth they've accumulated, or the status they've achieved. Yet, even though they've reached success beyond their wildest dreams, they still feel something is missing from their life. Their soul may be searching for something more. 1 Although everyone is different, there are common threads that bind a life with purpose. Live by your beliefs and values. People who live a life of purpose have core beliefs and values that influence their decisions, shape their daily actions, and determine their priorities. They place significant value on being a person of virtue. 2 And they spend more time listening to their inner voice than being influenced by others. Follow your passion. People who live a life of purpose wake up each morning eager to face the new day. They pursue their dreams with enthusiasm, put their heart into everything they do, and feel that they're personally making a difference. As James Dean once said, “ 3 ” 　Feel content. People who live a life of purpose have an inner peace. They're satisfied with what they have and who they are. 4 As the saying goes, “The real measure of your wealth is how much you'd be worth if you lost all your money.” 5 People who live a life of purpose have a positive impact on someone else's life. They are willing to help people in need and make their life better and happier. They gain as much satisfaction witnessing the success of others as witnessing their own. Without purpose, it's easy to wander aimlessly through life instead of following your North Star. Without purpose, it's easy to achieve remarkable success and still feel that life is passing you by. A．Make a difference. B．It's the purpose of life. C．Put others before yourself. D．So they live with certain moral principles. E．The secret of success is constancy to purpose. F．Dream as if you'll live forever and live as if you'll die today. G．To them, the grass is greener on their own side of the fence. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何成为一个生活有目标的人，使人生更有意义。 1．B　上文提到，有些人即使已经取得了超乎想象的成功，仍然觉得生活中缺少了一些东西。他们的灵魂可能在寻找更多的东西；下文提到，尽管每个人都是不同的，但有一些共同的线索将生活与目标联系在一起。B项(它就是生活的目的。)承上启下。故选B。 2．D　上文提到，他们非常重视做一个有美德的人。D项(所以他们有一定的道德准则。)承接上文，与上文构成因果关系。故选D。 3．F　小标题提到要追随你的热情；上文提到，有目标的人热情地追求自己的梦想，全身心地投入到他们所做的每一件事中。F项(像你永远活着那样去追求梦想，也像今天即将死去那样用力活着。)承接上文，且符合本段主旨。故选F。 4．G　上文提到，生活有目标的人内心平静。他们对自己所拥有的和自己是谁感到满意。G项(对他们来说，自家那边的草更绿。)承接上文。故选G。 5．A　设空处为本段小标题。下文提到，有目标的人会对别人的生活产生积极的影响。他们愿意帮助有需要的人，使他们的生活更好、更快乐。由此可知，本段主要阐述要做一个对别人生活产生积极影响的人。A项(带来改变/影响。)概括本段主旨。故选A。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·湖南省长沙市周南中学高三质检)In 1969, when Neil Armstrong first 1 (land) on the Moon, many people thought that soon we would be regularly visiting other planets in our solar system and would even dare 2 (travel) beyond it. This is clearly not the case. The reality is that space exploration is 3 (extreme) difficult and dangerous, can take a very long time and costs a huge amount of money. Some people believe that while space exploration expands our understanding of the universe, it is 4 waste of the public purse and does nothing 5 (enhance) the quality of our lives here on the Earth. Why do we continue to explore space, then? It is in our nature to explore. From the very early days of human life on the Earth, our curiosity about the unknown has kept us 6 (adventure) into new places. We long to visit thick and wild forests, climb vast mountain ranges, and cross deep oceans. We desire to explore the furthest frontier of all—space. As Stephen Hawking once said, “Remember to look up at the stars and not down at your feet. Try to make sense of what you see and wonder about 7 makes the universe exist. Be curious.” 8 we are fascinated by the sky is evident in ancient tales from around the world, such as that of Chang'e. While space exploration is a reality, we remain curious about the 9 (mystery) of the universe. With each space mission 10 (come) greater insight, thus motivating us to continue along the same path of adventure. 1． 　2. 　3. 　4. 　5． 　6. 　7. 　8. 　9． 　10. 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了人类为什么要探索太空。 1．landed　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“In 1969”可知，从句时态为一般过去时。故填landed。 2．to travel　考查非谓语动词。dare to do sth意为“敢于做某事”，为固定搭配。此处应用不定式作动词dare的宾语。故填to travel。 3．extremely　考查词性转换。设空处应用副词修饰形容词difficult和dangerous。故填extremely。 4．a　考查冠词。固定句型it is a waste of ... 意为“某事是……的浪费”。故填a。 5．to enhance　考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to enhance。 6．adventuring　考查非谓语动词。keep sb doing sth意为“使某人一直做某事”，应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填adventuring。 7．what　考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：试着理解你所看到的，想想是什么让宇宙存在。设空处为宾语从句的引导词，从句缺少主语，表示物，用连接代词what引导。故填what。 8．Why　考查主语从句的连接词。句意：我们对天空着迷的原因在世界各地的古老故事中显而易见，比如嫦娥的故事。设空处为主语从句的引导词，从句缺少原因状语，用why引导；且句首单词首字母应大写。故填Why。 9．mysteries　考查名词。句意：虽然太空探索是一个现实，但我们仍对宇宙的奥秘感到好奇。结合常识可知，宇宙的奥秘不止一个，此处应用名词复数。故填mysteries。 10．comes　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上文可知，此处时态为一般现在时。本句为倒装句，主语为greater insight，表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数。故填comes。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$