必修第三册 Unit 6 Disaster and hope-【金版教程】2025年高考英语一轮复习解决方案全书word（新教材，外研版）

金版教程　高考科学复习解决方案　英语［W］ 一　词汇过关测＋练 1．erupt：e­向外，离开；­rupt 断裂→断裂而喷出，引申词义：爆发，喷发 2．landslide：land陆地；slide滑动，滑行→陆地滑动，引申词义：山崩，滑坡 3．occur：oc­反复；­cur跑→反复跑，引申词义：发生 4．forecast：fore­预先；cast投，扔→预先扔下，引申词义：预测，预报 5．emergency：emerge出现；­ency名词后缀→突然出现的事情，引申词义：紧急情况，不测事件 1．nowhere adv. 什么地方都不，无处 2．plus adj. (用于数字后面表示)多，余 3．billion num. 十亿 4．property n. 所有物，资产，财产 5．midnight n. 子夜，午夜 6．county n. (美国等国家的)县；(英国的)郡 7．tube n. 管子 8．hurricane n. 飓风 9．rescue n. 营救，解救 10．satellite n. 人造卫星 11．grab v. 攫取，抓住 12．shelter n. 庇护，掩蔽 13．crisis n. 危机 14．otherwise adv. 否则，要不然 15．disaster n. 灾难，灾祸 16．claim v. (战争、事故等)夺去(生命) 17．emergency n. 紧急情况，不测事件 18．landslide n. 山崩，滑坡 1.(2023·浙江高考1月)Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster (灾难). 2．(2023·浙江高考1月)Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter (庇护) for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. 3．(2024·浙江省嘉兴市高三高考适应性考试)Devi soon grabbed (抓住) the cement ledge (水泥平台) to prevent herself drowning. 4．(2024·广东省六校高三第一次联考)Sometimes, as many as twenty­five to sixty plus (多) folks showed up. 5．(译林XB1­U3)These sorts of details point to a crisis (危机) developing in the city. 6．(人教XB3­U4)Sometimes we are able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat. Otherwise (否则), there is no food. 7．(2024·浙江省北斗星盟高三适应性考试)The Library is not responsible for personal property (所有物) left in these rooms. 8．Sounds of cheering could be heard from rescue (营救) workers and people watching nearby. 1．erupt v. (火山)爆发，喷发→eruption n. (火山)爆发，喷发 2．immediately adv. 即刻，马上→immediate adj. 立刻的，即时的 3．occur v. 发生→occurrence n. 发生，出现；存在；发生的事情 4．announcement n. 通告，公告，宣告→announce v. 宣布，宣告 5．forecast v. 预测，预报　n. 预测，预报→forecaster n. 预报员 6．reliable adj. 可信赖的，可靠的→rely v. 依赖，依靠→reliability n. 可靠性 7．sufficient adj. 足够的，充足的→sufficiently adv. 充分地；足够地→sufficiency n. 足量，充足 8．exceptionally adv. 极其，非常→exception n. 例外，例外的事物→exceptional adj. 异常的，例外的；杰出的 9．threat n. 威胁，可能会带来危险的人(事)→threaten v. 威胁到，危及 10．precisely adv. 精确地，准确地→precise adj. 精确的，准确的→preciseness n. 精确，准确 1.The volcano erupted, raining hot ash over a wide area and the eruption did great damage. (erupt) 2．The committee announced that the judge would make an announcement as soon as we had made the final decision. (announce) 3．He always does as he says so we all think he is a reliable man. If you make friends with him, you can rely on it that he will help you whenever you are in trouble. (rely) 4．To be precise, the study of jurisprudence cultivates my preciseness, which made me think problems precisely. (precise) 5．At the age of five he showed exceptional talent as a musician. It turned out that his skill was exceptionally wonderful. (exception) 6．The woman recovered and got sufficient energy. The following day she felt sufficiently well to go to work. (sufficient) 1　disaster [熟义]　n. 灾难，灾祸 [生义]　n. 彻底的失败 The play's first night was a total disaster. 这出戏头一晚就彻底失败了。 2　grab [熟义]　v. 攫取，抓住 [生义]　v. 吸引 I jumped on the wall to grab the attention of the crowd. 我跳上墙头以引起众人的注意。 3　lap [熟义]　n. 大腿部 [生义]　n. (跑道等的)一圈　v. 拍打 ①He was overtaken on the final lap. 他在最后一圈被超过。 ②With a rising tide the water was lapping at his chin before rescuers arrived. 在救生员到达之前，上涨的潮水拍打着他的下巴。 4　shelter [熟义]　n. 庇护，掩蔽 [生义]　n. 遮蔽物，庇护处；居所；住处　v. 躲避；掩蔽 ①They built a rough shelter from old pieces of wood. 他们用旧木条搭建了一个简陋的住处。 ②They got lost in the forest and couldn't find a place to shelter themselves from wind and rain. 他们在森林里迷了路，找不到一个躲避风雨的地方。 小积累 1.后缀­able高频形容词集锦 ①reliable 可靠的 ②enjoyable 快乐的 ③fashionable 时尚的 ④comfortable 舒适的 ⑤suitable 适当的 2．“发生”家族 ①occur ②happen ③take place ④come about ⑤break out 3．事物特点的差异化 ①precise 精确的，准确的 ②sufficient 足够的，充足的 ③exceptional 异常的 ④emergent 紧急的 ⑤immediate 立刻的，即时的 二　语块过关测＋练 1．have yet to 还没有 2．compare to 对比 3．keep on doing sth 坚持做某事 4．turn into 变成 5．leave out 遗漏 6．up and down 来来回回 7．pick up 拾起，捡起；(开车)接；接收(信号)；学会 8．react to 对……作出反应 9．after all 毕竟 10．complain about 抱怨；投诉 11．share ... with ... 和……分享…… 12．head for 向……出发 1.Excuse me, but I want to complain about the skirt I just bought. 2．The offer has yet to be accepted by the lawyers representing the victims. 3．(2024·广东省汕头市金禧中学高三阶段考试)After all, there are plenty of ways to appreciate the world's civilization, gain exciting experiences and spend quality time with family and friends. 4．If you keep on studying hard, gradually you will make progress. 5．(人教B3­U3)What started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture. 6．She was pacing up and down in front of her desk. 三　句式迁移练 1．现在分词(短语)作状语 【迁移创新】He was discharged from the army following his injury. 他受伤后就退伍了。 2．on doing ... 一……就…… 【迁移创新】On arriving home, Jane settled down to doing her homework. 一到家，简就开始做家庭作业。 3．whatever引导让步状语从句 【迁移创新】She knew that, whatever she decided, her family was right behind her. 她知道，无论她作出什么决定，她的家人都会支持她的。 Ⅰ 忆课文·语篇理解 Today, the temperature in London is expected to reach 30 plus degrees, 1 is unusual for London because the average high temperature in July is only 22 degrees. Going 2 the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano that's erupting. Each summer in London definitely seems hotter 3 the last. I suddenly feel a bit scared and perhaps I should start planning for the future. I imagine putting my flat on the market and 4 (buy) a boat. That way, when the Thames 5 (rise) and there is a flood in London, I'll still be able to get to work. Later, I'm shocked by photos 6 (show) that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town. Experts say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change. News like this makes me feel nervous. This inspires me 7 (start) thinking about moving to space ... “ 8 next station is Bank！” comes the announcement. That's my destination. I feel a fresh wind on my face 9 (immediate) I step out of the station. Well, maybe I have been worrying too much. After all, it's only 30 10 (degree) outside! 1． 　2. 　3. 　4. 　5. 　6. 　7. 　8. 　9． 　10. 答案：1.which　2.down　3.than　4.buying　5.rises　6.showing　7.to start　8.The　9.immediately　10.degrees The hurricane happened 1 (sudden), and the roof flew off. The street turned 2 a river and we were going nowhere. At first, I was 3 (please) we could stay at home, but soon it got really tough. We didn't have enough 4 (drink) water. It was hot and it smelled so bad everywhere！What's 5 (bad), we had nothing 6 clothes on our backs. 7 (fortunate), my mother encouraged us and the stars in the sky gave us light. After a few days, we were rescued and my 8 (miss) cat Smartie came home in time, 9 made us happy. Now, one year has passed, but the beauty of the stars of New Orleans inspires us and gives us 10 (confident) to move on. 1． 　2. 　3. 　4. 　5. 　6. 　7. 　8. 　9． 　10. 答案：1.suddenly　2.into　3.pleased　4.drinking　5.worse　6.but　7.Fortunately　8.missing　9.which　10.confidence Ⅱ 学思悟·重点突破 1　 occur v. 发生 (☞occurrence n. 发生，出现；存在；发生的事情) 【知识归纳】 sth occur to sb 某人突然想起某事 It occurs to sb to do sth 某人突然想起做某事 It occurs to sb that ... 某人突然想起…… 【语用点拨】 (1)a regular occurrence 定期发生的事情(活动介绍) (2)The idea occurred to him in a dream. 他在梦中想到了这个主意。(情景描述) (3)It didn't occur to him that he didn't fail in the test. 他没有想到他考试不及格。(事件描述) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/句式升级/完成句子 ①A perfect idea occurred to us that we could give a handmade gift to our teacher for the coming Teachers' Day. ②It seldom occurred to them to wander (wander) a bit, to take a moment to see what's around them. ③You would disagree with my decision, which never occurred to me. →It never occurred to me that you would disagree with my decision. (it作形式主语) ④我突然想到，这只熊可能被我们的大蒜面包的气味吸引。 It occurred to me that the bear might be attracted by the smell of our garlic bread. 2　 announcement n. 通告，公告(☞announce v. 宣布，宣告) 【知识归纳】 (1)make an announcement (to sb) (向某人)发布通告 (2)announce sth to sb 向某人宣布某事 announce (to sb) that ... (向某人)宣布/发表…… It's announced that ... 据宣布…… 【语用点拨】 (1)She made her announcement after talking with president. 她在与总统会谈后发布了公告。 (场景描写) (2)announce to us their decision 向我们宣布他们的决定(动作描写) (3)Peter announced that he had no intention of wasting his time at any university. 彼得声明他无意在任何一所大学浪费他的时间。(人物描写) (4)At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement had been reached. 会议结束时，一项协议被宣布已达成。(活动介绍) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The airline announced to the media that the flight to the USA was canceled. ②It was announced (announce) that the boxing athlete was innocent of the crime. ③请注意，我有一件事情要宣布。英文短片Growing Together将于晚上7点半在学校大厅上映。 Attention, please. I have an announcement to make. An English short film, called Growing Together, will be shown in the school hall at 7：30 pm. 3　rescue n．& v. 营救，解救 【知识归纳】 (1)come/go to one's rescue＝come/go to the rescue of sb 营救某人 (2)rescue sb from ... 从……营救某人 rescue sth from ... 使某物免于…… 【语用点拨】 (1)rescue worker营救人员(人物描写) (2)You rescued me from an embarrassing situation. 我正感到尴尬，你为我解了围。(感谢信) (3)rescue the sailors from the sinking ship 从下沉的船上救出水手(场景描写) (4)rescue many species from extinction 使许多物种免于灭绝(环境保护) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He rescued the child from the burning house so that he was regarded as a hero. ②When you are in danger, we'll come to your rescue. ③他不顾个人安危去救一个溺水的孩子。 He came/went to the rescue of a drowning child regardless of his personal safety. 4　 emergency n. 紧急情况，不测事件(☞emerge v. 出现；显现；显露 ☞emergence n. 出现，呈现；崭露头角) 【知识归纳】 (1)in an emergency 在紧急情况下 (2)emerge from 从……中出现；(从困境中)摆脱出来 It emerges/emerged that ... 结果显示…… emerge as作为……出现 【语用点拨】 (1)This door should only be used in an emergency. 这道门只能在紧急情况下使用。(场景描写) (2)deal with emergencies promptly 迅速地应对紧急情况(动作描写) (3)emerge from recession 摆脱经济衰退(动作描写) (4)emerge as the world's third­biggest rice exporter 成为世界第三大稻米出口国(报道) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I have been trained as a doctor, so I am capable of giving first aid in an emergency. ②With the help and care of her family and friends, she finally emerged from her failure. ③结果看来他们彼此不同意。 It emerged that they didn't agree with each other. 5　 claim v. (战争、事故等)夺去(生命)；宣称，断言；索取，认领　n. 声明；断言；索赔 【知识归纳】 (1)claim to be 声称是…… claim to have done sth 声称做过某事 It is claimed that ... 据称……，据说…… claim sth from sb 向某人索要某物 (2)make a claim on 向……索赔 make a claim for sth＝claim for sth 就……提出索赔/要求 【语用点拨】 (1)claim to be an expert 声称是专家(人物描写) (2)claim damages from the company 向公司索赔损失(场景描写) (3)It was claimed that some doctors were working 80 hours a week. 据说，有些医生每周工作80小时。 (报道) (4)make a claim on your insurance policy 按保险单索赔(动作描写) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/同义句转换/完成句子 ①The government claimed to provide (provide) allowance for people who made great contributions to our country. ②The company has made a claim for damages caused by the delay of delivery. ③He claimed that he had found a mysterious star through a telescope. →He claimed to have found a mysterious star through a telescope. ④据说，海洋正在遭受严重的污染。 It is claimed that the ocean is suffering serious pollution. 6　 threaten v. 威胁到，危及(☞threat n. 威胁，可能会带来危险的人(事)☞threatening adj. 恐吓的，威胁的) 【知识归纳】 (1)threaten to do sth 威胁/扬言要做某事 threaten sb with ... 用……威胁某人 (2)a threat to ... 对……的威胁 under threat 受到威胁 【语用点拨】 (1)threaten to destroy the town 威胁要摧毁这座城镇(动作描写) (2)These ancient woodlands are under threat from new road developments. 新道路的开发可能会使这些古老的林地受到威胁。(投诉信) (3)a major threat to society 对社会的一大威胁(个人感受) (4)threatening behaviour 威胁行为(场景描写) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Chemical pollution is a big threat to all the people living in the world. ②He was threatened with dismissal if he continued to turn up late for working. ③The farmer threatened to punish (punish) these children if they came into his field again. ④由于这些美丽的地方吸引了大量的游客，他们的保护受到威胁。 As these beautiful places attract lots of tourists, their protection comes under threat. 7　consist of 由……组成(构成)；包括…… 【知识归纳】 (1)“由……组成”的常见短语还有： be made up of, be composed of, be comprised of (2)consist in在于，存在于 (3)consist with 与……一致，符合，相符 【名师点津】consist of一般不用于进行时，也不用于被动语态；作状语或定语时常用现在分词。 【语境运用】单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Success consists in the ability to continue efforts through failures. ②The province consisting (consist) of twenty cities is very wealthy. ③生活中不仅有阳光，还有风雨。 Life consists of not only sunshine but also storms. ＝Life is made up of not only sunshine but also storms. ＝Life is composed of not only sunshine but also storms. ＝Life is comprised of not only sunshine but also storms. 8　现在分词(短语)作状语 【知识归纳】 (1)现在分词(短语)在句中作状语，可表示时间、条件、原因、结果、方式或伴随。 (2)现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生，完成式(having done)表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。 (3)现在分词的主动语态形式(doing)表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系，被动语态(being done)表示的动作和其逻辑主语之间为被动关系。 【语境运用】单句语法填空/句式升级/完成句子 ①(2023·浙江高考1月)Sitting (sit) on a branch, he inched towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. ②(2023·全国乙卷)Barry retired in 1859, having practiced (practice) her entire medical profession living and working as a man. ③Because he buried himself in his book, he was not aware it was raining outside. →Burying himself in his book, he was not aware it was raining outside.(分词短语作状语) ④他在购物时丢失了电脑，泄露了所有绝密资料。 He lost his computer while shopping, giving away all his secret materials． Ⅲ 语基过关检测 维度一　单句语法填空 1．(2024·湖南省衡阳市第八中学高三月考)Theoretically, it could also produce a reliable (rely) written record of a meeting. 2．(译林B3­U2)It occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami. 3．(2024·新疆石河子第一中学高三月考)Let's join our hands and take action immediately (immediate) in an environmentally friendly way. 4．They threatened (threaten) to kill him unless he did as they asked. 5．(北师XB4­U11)We have to use cold water for the pastry, otherwise it will become tough. 6．(2024·浙江省强基联盟高三仿真模拟)With that announcement (announce), all the villagers now had the overwhelming task of deciding whose pickle they wanted. 7．(北师XB1­U3)People who fight for animal rights claim that these animals suffer terrible stress. 8．(2024·甘肃省武威市四校联考高三质量检测)We cleaned the wound and bandaged it up, and the emergency (emerge) services arrived twenty minutes later. 9．Nobody knows precisely (precise) how many people are still living in the camp. 10．Women have yet to achieve wage or occupational parity in many fields. 维度二　语篇练习 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 Over the past few days, a number of forest fires have broken out in Chongqing and its surrounding areas ①due to the exceptionally dry (由于极度干燥) and hot weather. Many ②rescue workers (救援人员) and volunteers ③headed for (前往) the rescue overnight, which moved a lot of people across the country. The mountain fires in several regions in Chongqing have been eventually put out on Friday morning. No casualties ④have yet to (还没有) be reported. ⑤Facing the disaster (面对这场灾难), a large number of motorcyclists, with an average age of 29, ⑥keep on using (坚持使用) five dirt bikes and four scooters to carry materials and equipment to firefighters and to transport people and necessities ⑦up and down (来来回回). They are being praised as heroes for brave behaviors. When an ⑧emergency (紧急情况) occurs, all the people should be united to overcome the difficulty. Ⅳ 读写用·素养提升 维度一　一词多义/熟词生义 (一)根据语境选出加黑词claim的词性和含义 A．v. 夺去(生命)　B．v. 宣称；断言　C．v. 认领 D．v. 索赔 1．Scientists are claiming a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer. 2．John had taken out insurance but when he tried to claim, the insurance company refused to pay. 3．A lot of lost property is never claimed. 4．The civil war claimed the life of a U．N. interpreter yesterday. 答案：1.B　2.D　3.C　4.A (二)根据语境选出加黑词shelter的词性和含义 A．n. 躲避处；避难所　B．n. 居所；住处 C．n. 保护；掩蔽；庇护　D．v. 遮蔽，庇护 E．v. 躲避；使(某人)免遭 1．They were standing under the shelter of a huge tree. 2．The sun beat down, so we sat in the shade, sheltering from the sun. 3．Rescue workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 4．Food, clothing, fuel and shelter are the four most basic human needs. 5．Trees were planted to shelter this area from strong sandstorms. 答案：1.C　2.E　3.A　4.B　5.D 维度二　构词法 (2024·广东省深圳实验，湛江一中，珠海一中高三联考)It features online or offline video lectures, course announcements and handouts, and various tutorials. 派生词：a­表示强调；­nounce表示说，报告；­ment是名词后缀，announcement意为通告，公告。 维度三　长难句分析 (2024·浙江高考1月)But as we've reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat. 一划主干：we still have the same brains, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods。 二括修饰：involved in obtaining calories是过去分词短语作the cost and effort的定语， as we've reshaped ... in obtaining calories是时间状语从句；we had thousands of years ago是定语从句；that引导定语从句。 三会意：但是，当我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获取卡路里的成本和努力时，我们的大脑仍然和几千年前一样，这种不匹配是我们这么多人努力抵抗我们知道不应该吃诱人食物的核心原因。 维度四　写作提能 完成句子/词汇升级/一句多译 1．合同的细节还有待修改，之后需要充分讨论。(意见表述) The details of the contract have yet to be corrected and need to be fully discussed later. 2. 约翰匆忙冲了出去，没锁门。(动作描写) John rushed out in a hurry, leaving the door unlocked． 3．Finally, I made up my mind to seize the opportunity to enhance my overall competence. grab 4．It's impossible to predict the eventual outcome of the competition.forecast 5．也许你去过很多国家，但你在其他地方找不到这么美丽的地方。 Maybe you have been to many countries, but you can find such a beautiful place nowhere else． ＝Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else can you find such a beautiful place. 课时作业 Ⅰ.阅读 A (2024·浙江高考1月)On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary's southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east­central Alberta—downwind of the hail project flights—worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding. Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years. “Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary­Edmonton urban area from hail，” Mr. Stienwand says, “but they're increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.” The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought.” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.” 　One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas，” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.” Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud­seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。加拿大的一些保险公司利用飞机在存在冰雹袭击风险的风暴中心播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成冰雹之前像雨一样落下，而这一举动引起了人们的担忧。 1．What does the project aim to do? A．Conserve moisture in the soil. B．Prevent the formation of hailstones. C．Forecast disastrous hailstorms. D．Investigate chemical use in farming. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Airplanes seed threatening storm ... grow into dangerous hailstones.(飞机在存在冰雹袭击风险的风暴中心播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。)”可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰雹的形成。故选B。 2．Who are opposed to the project? A．Farmers in east­central Alberta. B．Managers of insurance companies. C．Provincial government officials. D．Residents of Calgary and Edmonton. 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But farmers in east­central Alberta ... by the cloud seeding.(但是位于防雹工程飞行作业的下风区的阿尔伯塔省中东部的农民们对该计划表示担忧，认为宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干旱的土地上偷走。)”可知，阿尔伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。故选A。 3．Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999? A．To compare different kinds of seeding methods. B．To illustrate the development of big hailstorms. C．To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding. D．To show the link between storms and moisture. 答案：C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“One doubter about the safety ... Dr. Doswell says.”可知，Chuck Doswell (查克·多斯韦尔)对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度，并曾目睹了由投放了人工增雨物质的风暴中心形成的巨大龙卷风，由此可推知，Doswell博士提到他在1999年看到的龙卷风是为了表明人工降雨可能带来的危险。故选C。 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right. B．Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada. C．The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared. D．Cloud­seeding companies will continue to exist. 答案：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Due to the lack ... cloud－seeding companies.(由于缺乏科学依据，没有人成功赢得对人工降雨公司的诉讼。)”可推知，人工降雨公司将继续存在。故选D。 B (2024·福建厦门双十中学高三月考)In the midst of an already record­breaking heat wave, Phoenix, Arizona, set a particularly eye­popping record: the temperature only dropped to 97 degrees Fahrenheit overnight between Tuesday and Wednesday, setting an all­time record high for a nighttime low. When temperatures stay high overnight, they place a particularly heavy burden on the body, raising the risk of heat illness and death. The US—and the world—has seen a spate of extreme heat so far this year, including the planet's hottest­ever June and hottest week on record during the first week of July. Rising global temperatures from burning fossil fuels are the main driver of more frequent and more intense heat waves. And an El Niño event is also boosting global temperatures this year. 　A heat dome has been in place for weeks over the US Southwest and Texas, and it has fueled many heat records. Phoenix has now seen 20 days in a row with a daytime high of 110 degrees F or higher, a record that is likely to continue for several more days. A heat dome is an area of high pressure that parks over a region. High­pressure ridges, as they are also called, feature sinking air, which compresses and heats up. These ridges' typical clear skies also allow the sun's rays to beat down on the ground, further raising temperatures. Prolonged heat extremes pose a major public health threat because heat is the number­one weather­related killer in the US; it causes more human deaths than hurricanes, tornadoes and floods combined. Heat can cause dehydration, which leads the blood to thicken and makes the heart pump harder. That organ and others can be damaged by too much exposure to heat. 　The soaring, triple­digit high daily temperatures grab the headlines, and they definitely are a concern—but when temperatures only drop into the 80s and 90s at night, the body doesn't get a chance to cool down. This is particularly a concern for those who lack air­conditioning, including unhoused populations. And heat is especially a health risk for the very young, the elderly and those with preexisting health conditions such as asthma and heart disease. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了全球变暖导致的夜间极高温对人类健康带来了威胁。 5．What can be inferred from the first two paragraphs? A．Extreme temperatures can cause damage to our hearts. B．Burning fossil fuels contributes to the hottest­ever June and July. C．El Niño is the dominant cause of soaring global temperature. D．The temperature at night has reached a record high in Phoenix, Arizona. 答案：D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“In the midst of ... a nighttime low.(在已经破纪录的热浪中，亚利桑那州凤凰城创造了一个特别令人瞠目结舌的纪录：周二至周三夜间，气温仅降至华氏97度，创下了夜间最低气温的历史最高纪录。)”可推知，亚利桑那州凤凰城的夜间气温创下了历史新高。故选D。 6．What is a heat dome according to the passage? A．It's a weather phenomenon that contributes to high temperatures. B．It's a peak that the low pressure should reach. C．It's the damage caused by too much exposure to heat. D．It's the extra heat trapped in the sinking air. 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A heat dome is an area of high pressure ... further raising temperatures.”可知，这是一种停留在某一区域的高气压，会导致温度上升，是一种导致高温的天气现象。故选A。 7．According to the passage, what's the influence high overnight temperature has on humans? A．It is the top one killer in America. B．Exposure to heat contributes to heart diseases. C．Human organs might be impaired. D．People accommodate to 80s and 90s Fahrenheit at night. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Heat can cause dehydration ... too much exposure to heat.”可知，夜间高温对人类的影响是人体器官可能受损。故选C。 8．What's the passage mainly talking about? A．Soaring temperatures are hitting the headlines. B．A new eye­popping overnight low record is set. C．Hot overnight temperatures threaten human health. D．Global heat waves are causing concerns. 答案：C　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了亚利桑那州的夜间温度创下了高温纪录，对人类的健康构成威胁。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·湖南部分校高三联考) How to Survive a Flood: Flood Safety Tips Flooding is a common natural disaster in the world. It is usually caused by heavy or sudden rainfall. Review the following flood safety guidelines to know what you should do to increase your chances of survival. 1 If you live in an area that is often flooded—or even if you don't—it's a good idea to be prepared for the worst. Pay close attention to official flooding updates. And know the difference between a flood “watch” and “warning”. 2 But a flood warning means flooding is already occurring or will occur soon. In this case, you should be prepared to leave at a moment's notice. 　Have an emergency survival kit on hand. 3 Things such as water, food, a flashlight, radio, phone chargers and a first aid kit should all be included. Be aware that flash flooding can occur. 4 Do not wait for instructions to move. When a flood warning is issued for your area, leave. Head for higher ground and stay there until you are told that the area is safe. Do not walk through moving water. Six inches of moving water can sweep you off your feet. If you have to walk in water, walk where the water is not moving. 5 Turn around, and don't drown! If you come upon a flowing stream where water is above your ankles, stop, turn around and go another way. People often underestimate the force and power of water. A．Make preparations in advance. B．Actually, these two words are quite different. C．That's why the moving water is dangerous. D．It should be filled with at least three days of supplies. E．A flood watch means a flood is possible in your area. F．Use a stick to check the firmness of the ground in front of you. G．If there is possibility of such a flood, move at once to higher ground. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了应对洪水灾难的正确做法。 1．A　下文讲到应为应对洪水做好准备。A项(提前做好准备。)引出下文。故选A。 2．E　上文讲到应密切关注官方洪灾更新。了解洪水“警戒”和“警告”之间的区别；下文讲到洪水预警意味着洪水已经发生或即将发生。E项(洪水警戒意味着你所在地区可能发生洪水。)承上启下。故选E。 3．D　上文讲到应准备一个急救箱。D项(它应该装满至少三天的补给。)承接上文，其中It对应上文an emergency survival kit。故选D。 4．G　下文讲到不要等指示才行动。当你所在地区发布洪水警报时，立即撤离。G项(如果有可能发生这样的洪水，立即转移到地势较高的地方。)引出下文。故选G。 5．F　上文讲到不要在流动的水中行走。F项(用一根棍子检查前方地面的牢固程度。)承接上文，介绍在水里行走时的方法。故选F。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2023·浙江省9＋1高中联盟高三模拟)Chinadaily—Feb. 9, 2023. Civilian rescue workers across the nation are rushing to join China's official rescue team to find 1 (survive) from the ruins of destroyed buildings in Turkey, hit by a major earthquake of 7.8 magnitude (震级) on Monday, Feb. 6th. 2 powerful earthquake caused severe and widespread destruction and damage in Turkey and neighboring Syria at 4：17 am local time on Monday, followed by hundreds of aftershocks, 3 (claim) more than 11，000 lives in the two nations as of Wednesday. Many civilian teams actively joined rescue work 4 China increased its aid to Turkey and neighboring Syria. Among the civilian teams that left for Turkey on Wednesday 5 (be) Blue Sky Rescue, a nonprofit Chinese civilian organization, 6 members come from provincial­level regions of China. Besides, the China's 82­member official rescue team, with large amounts of disaster relief materials and equipment 7 board, landed in Adana in southern Turkey at 4：30 am local time on Wednesday. The Chinese team, with certification from the UN, 8 (comprise) high­quality and well­equipped personnel with the capacity to carry out search and rescue operations 9 (efficient) at the same time in two locations. Overseas branches of Chinese companies are also lending a helping hand. Chinese machinery giant Xu­zhou Construction Machinery Group has assigned its branch in Turkey to join the relief efforts, with dozens of pieces of equipment 10 (station) to help in the rescue work. 1． 　2. 　3. 　4. 5． 　6. 　7. 　8. 9． 　10. 篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了2023年2月6日，土耳其发生7.8级大地震，全国各地的民间救援人员正匆忙加入中国官方救援队，从被毁的建筑物废墟中寻找幸存者的事件。 1．survivors　考查词性转换。此处表示泛指，应用名词复数。故填survivors。 2．The　考查冠词。此处earthquake是指上文提到的土耳其地震，应用the表示特指。故填The。 3．claiming　考查非谓语动词。动词claim与其逻辑主语The powerful earthquake之间构成主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填claiming。 4．as/when　考查状语从句的连接词。句意：当中国增加对土耳其和邻国叙利亚的援助时，许多民间救援队积极参与救援工作。as/when意为“当……的时候”。故填as/when。 5．was　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处描述的是过去的事情，谓语动词用一般过去时，主语Blue Sky Rescue表示单数。故填was。 6．whose　考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作定语，修饰members，所以应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 7．on　考查介词。固定短语on board意为“在飞机上”。故填on。 8．comprised　考查动词的时态。描述过去的事情，谓语动词应用一般过去时。故填comprised。 9．efficiently　考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰动词短语carry out。故填efficiently。 10．stationed　考查非谓语动词。动词station和宾语equipment之间构成动宾关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语，构成with的复合结构。故填stationed。 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$