必修第三册 Unit 1 Knowing me, knowing you-【金版教程】2025年高考英语一轮复习解决方案全书word（新教材，外研版）

金版教程　高考科学复习解决方案　英语［W］ 一　词汇过关测＋练 1．justify：just 公正，法律；­ify动词后缀→表明……正当，引申词义：证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理；为……辩护 2．ensure：en­使……；进入；sure确定→使得一件事成为确定，引申词义：确保，保证 3．accident：ac­去；朝向；cid降临；掉落；偶然；发生；­ent名词后缀→偶然发生的事件，引申词义：意外事件，偶然因素 4．adjust：ad­做……，加强……；­just正确→弄正确，引申词义：适应，(使)习惯 5．resolve：re­再；solve同solv，solu，solut 松开→再松开，引申词义：解决(问题、困难) 1．lip n. (嘴)唇 2．steam n. 蒸汽，水蒸气 3．agony n. 痛楚，苦难 4．boxing n. 拳击(运动) 5．web n. 蜘蛛网；错综复杂的事物 6．fence n. 栅栏，围栏，篱笆 7．forgive v. 原谅，宽恕 8．sink v. 使(船)沉没 9．moreover adv. 此外，而且 10．apart adv. 分离，分开 11．loose adj. 说话随便(轻率)的 12．signal n. 信号；暗号 13．tear n. 眼泪，泪水 14．independent adj. 独立的 15．deceive v. 欺骗 16．adjust v. 适应，(使)习惯 17．core adj. 核心的(课程、团体等) 18．ensure v. 确保，保证 19．fault n. 责任，过错 20．weave v. 编，织 1．(2023·北京高考)In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core (核心的) part of the mission. 2．(译林XB4­U1)Instead of being quick to blame others, analyse the problem, and if it is indeed your own fault (过错), be ready to admit your mistake and then correct it. 3．(2024·甘肃省武威市四校联考高三开学考)He would notice the wood in a fence (栅栏) and call on the owner to suggest that it ought to be painted. 4．(北师XB3­U8)Even though I forgive (原谅) you personally, for the sake of the honour of my family I cannot accept your apology. 5．We must ensure (确保) that all patients have access to high quality care. 6．Chest pains can be a warning signal (信号) of heart problems. 7．(人教XB2­U2)For example, you will certainly become more independent (独立的) because you will have to deal with all kinds of difficulties by yourself. 8．After a while his eyes adjusted (适应) to the dark. 9.(2024·广东省四校高三第一次联考)Moreover (此外), he had to walk through a large wood as well as many blocks of the city. 10．(2024·湖北省武汉市硚口区高三质量检测)Together, they sat in silence for a while, until Rani's tears (眼泪) dried up and she felt ready to face the world again. 1．resolve v. 解决(问题或困难)；决定；决心　n. 决心；坚定的信念→resolution n. 决议；解决；决心，决定 2．loose adj. 说话随便(轻率)的；松的；宽松的→loosely adv. 宽松地；放荡地；轻率地→loosen v. (使)变松；松开 3．concern n. 忧虑，担心→concerned adj. 担心的，忧虑的；关注的，关切的→concerning prep. 关于；涉及 4．latter n. 后者→latterly adv. 最近；近来 5．adjust v. 适应，(使)习惯→adjustment n. 调整，调节，适应→adjustable adj. 可调整的，可调节的 6．fault n. 责任，过错→faulty adj. 有故障的，有缺陷的；(思维方法)错误的→faultless adj. 完美无缺的 7．tangled adj. 纠结的；复杂的→tangle v. (使)纠结，(使)缠结 8．strategy n. 计谋，策略；行动计划→strategic adj. 战略(性)的，策略(上)的 9．complexity n. 复杂性，错综复杂→complex adj. 复杂的，难懂的 10．breath n. 一口气；呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气；微量，迹象→breathe v. 呼吸→breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的；屏息的 11．annoyed adj. 恼怒的，烦恼的→annoy v. 使恼怒，使生气→annoying adj. 使恼怒的，使生气的，使烦恼的→annoyance n. 恼怒，生气，烦恼 12．signal n. 信号；暗号　v. 发信号；示意→sign v. 示意，打手势；签名，署名 13．duty n. 职责，义务；责任→dutiful adj. 忠实的；顺从的；守本分的 14．forgive v. 原谅，宽恕→forgiveness n. 宽恕，原谅 15．accident n. 意外事件，偶然因素→accidental adj. 意外的，偶然的；非主要的，附带的→accidentally adv. 意外地，偶然地 16．criticise v. 批评，指责→critical adj. 批评的；批判性的；关键的；危急的→critically adv. 批判性地；挑剔性地；严重地→criticism n. 批评；责备 17．embarrassment n. 尴尬，难为情→embarrass v. 使尴尬→embarrassed adj. 尴尬的→embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的 18．independent adj. 独立的→independence n. 独立，自主→depend v. 依靠，依赖 19．justify v. 证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理；为……辩护→justification n. 正当理由；证明为正当，辩护 20．frank adj. 坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的→frankly adv. 坦率地，直率地→frankness n. 率真，坦率，坦白 1.I told him to take a breath if he felt nervous so he breathed deeply before he spoke in front of the audience. (breathe) 2．My friend's talking with full food in his mouth always annoys me. Although I am annoyed with him about his annoying habit, he can't get rid of it.(annoy) 3．The height of the table is adjustable so you can make some adjustments and adjust it to your need. (adjust) 4．I knew the problem was complex but its complexity was beyond my expectation. (complex) 5．Though I have begged her forgiveness for my mistake, I don't think she will forgive me. (forgive) 6．Much to my embarrassment, he asked me some embarrassing questions about my personal life, which also made other guests embarrassed．(embarrass) 7．Frankly speaking, he is very frank and straightforward and we all respect him for his frankness. (frank) 8．Most of us are longing to be independent from our parents, because our independence shows that we've grown up.(independent) 1 steam [熟义]　n. 蒸汽，水蒸气 [生义]　n. 蒸汽动力　vt.& vi. 蒸(食物) ①The 18th and 19th centuries witnessed the widespread use of electricity and the birth of the steam engine. 18世纪和19世纪见证了电的广泛使用和蒸汽机的诞生。 ②Steam the carrots until they are just beginning to be tender. 把胡萝卜蒸到刚好变软。 2 signal [熟义]　n. 信号；暗号　v. 发信号，示意 [生义]　v. 标志着 It signaled the close­down of the theater. 这标志着剧院倒闭了。 3 adjust [熟义]　v. 适应，(使)习惯 [生义]　v. 整理 He smoothed his hair and adjusted his tie. 他理了理头发，整理了一下领带。 4 fence [熟义]　n. 栅栏，围栏，篱笆 [生义]　v. 围住，隔开　n. 障碍物 ①The first task was to fence the wood to exclude sheep. 第一项任务就是把树林围起来，不让羊进去。 ②The horse fell at the last fence. 这匹马在最后一道障碍那里跌倒了。 小积累 1.巧记以“­oose”结尾的单词 ①后院一群goose 鹅 ②一个一个choose 挑选 ③把头塞进noose 绳套 ④结果绳索loose 松弛的 2.A—B—C型过去式和过去分词 ①sink→sank→sunk ②ring→rang→rung ③drink→drank→drunk ④begin→began→begun 3.异样的“心情” ①frightened 害怕的 ②terrified 感到恐惧的 ③disgusted 厌恶的 ④touched 感动的 ⑤disappointed 失望的 ⑥astonished 惊讶的 ⑦amazed 惊讶的 二　语块过关测＋练 1．fit in with ... 适合……，适应…… 2．turn to sb for help 向某人寻求帮助 3．help out 帮一把，帮助 4．be crazy about ... 对……着迷 5．let down 使失望，辜负 6．let off steam 发泄怒火，宣泄情绪 7．loose lips sink ships 祸从口出 8．take a breath 吸一口气，喘口气 9．pull one's weight 做好分内事，尽责 10．be attracted by 被……吸引 11．look down on sb 轻视某人，鄙视某人 12．take the lead 率先，领头 13．by accident 偶然，意外地 14．run away from 从……中逃跑 15．the majority of 大多数5.(北师XB2­U6)And possibly the best proof of a successful adaptation is the James Bond series, the majority of which has been adapted from the 007 novels of Ian Fleming. 1．(2024·甘肃白银靖远一中、四中高三联考)People think taking a deep breath is the way to ease stress. 2．(人教B3­U5)Well, I can't say that I have any plans. As a matter of fact, I landed in Britain by accident． 3．They are more likely to call on boys for answers and to allow them to take the lead in classroom discussion. 4．Be careful when you speak. Always remember, loose lips sink ships． 6．(2024·江西省重点中学九校协作体高三联考)Upon our arrival, we were all deeply attracted by what we saw. 7．“How could I have missed scoring that goal? I had let the whole team down，” Alex thought to himself. 8．My grandma is crazy about the Chinese Women's Volleyball Team and watches almost all their matches on TV. 9．It's true that he could do the job, but would he fit in with the rest of the team? 10．In the meantime, Kate realized that it was a student's duty to study hard. She ensured that she would pull her weight． 三　句式迁移练 1．形容词后接that从句作宾语 【迁移创新】I'm afraid that the news I have to give you will not altogether please you. 恐怕我要告诉你的这个消息不会让你完全满意。 2．have a hard time doing ... 做……有困难 【迁移创新】One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying “no”． 女性感到疲惫的一个原因可能是她们很难说“不”。 3．It is believed that ... 人们相信/认为…… 【迁移创新】It is believed that the couple have left the country. 人们认为那对夫妇已经离开了这个国家。 Ⅰ 忆课文·语篇理解 There is an old American saying, “Loose lips sink ships.” This means that if you speak too much about something, especially to people 1 you don't know so well, it'll cause all kinds of trouble. The situation here is so much worse because the “loose lips” were your best friend's. 2 (treat) this way, you're sure to feel hurt. We should always be able to trust those closest to us, and it hurts even more when we find we can't. Here is what you need to do. First, apologise 3 your teammate. If you ever want to win any more basketball games, you need to work together, and that means 4 (communicate) with each other clearly and resolving conflicts. So have a chat with your teammate. Tell him 5 (genuine) that you were talking without thinking. Then, talk to your friend. Your strategy is clear communication. Tell your friend you're angry with him for repeating 6 you said and making the situation worse, but that you want to move on. Thirdly, think about your own 7 (behave). Don't say too much when you're angry! Filled with anger, you tend 8 (say) whatever comes to your mind. This gives people the wrong signal. Take 9 deep breath, calm down, and always remember: think first, speak 10 (late)． 1． 　2. 　3. 　4. 　5. 　6. 　7. 　8. 　9． 　10. 答案：1.who/whom　2.Treated　3.to　4.communicating　5.genuinely　6.what　7.behaviour　8.to say　9．a　10.later Oh, what a tangled web we weave, when first we practise to deceive！—Walter Scott We all know that honesty is an important value and that lying is wrong, but who can 1 (honest) say that they've never told a lie? Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge that most of the lies we tell are “white lies”： little lies that we tell 2 (protect) others from the truth. One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is to try to make others feel 3 (good). However, when we lie and say that someone's haircut looks good, 4 when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate, 5 (be) we really hoping to improve the situation for someone else? Perhaps we are in fact lying to protect ourselves from the disappointment and 6 (angry) of others. Another reason for telling a white lie is to give encouragement. Say for example that your friend asks you 7 you think of his singing. You of course say that it's wonderful, despite secretly 8 (think) that your cat can sing better. Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend 9 (want) some frank comments from you so that he can improve. Or perhaps, he needs to know that he should look 10 a different hobby. We may also tell a white lie when we want to protect others from bad news. Going back to Walter Scott's lines, we may find even white lines have results we cannot know in advance. 1． 　2. 　3. 　4. 　5. 　6. 　7. 　8. 　9． 　10. 答案：1.honestly　2.to protect　3.better　4.or　5.are　6.anger　7.what　8.thinking　9.wants　10.for Ⅱ 学思悟·重点突破 1　 signal n. 信号，暗号；标志；信号灯　v. 发信号，示意；标志(☞sign v. 示意，打手势；签名，署名) 【知识归纳】 (1)traffic signals 交通信号灯 send out a signal 发出信号 (2)signal to sb to do sth 示意某人做某事 signal (to sb) that ... 示意(某人)…… 【语用点拨】 (1)signal for help 发求救信号(动作描写) (2)input signal 输入信号(交通运输) (3)He signalled to us to join him.他示意我们去他那里。(动作描写) (4)As soon as it was dark, Mrs Evans gave the signal. 天一黑，埃文斯夫人就发出了那个信号。(情节描写) (5)A signal failure contributed to the crash. 信号灯故障导致了这次撞车事故。(报道) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/句式升级 ①The police signaled to the driver to stop (stop) his car by raising his hand. ②The change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals (signal) that we really have changed our planet. ③A man stood up and signaled that he was strongly opposed to the plan. →A man stood up, signaling that he was strongly opposed to the plan. (现在分词作状语) 2　 breath n. 一口气；呼出的气；气息(☞breathe v. 呼吸 ☞breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的；屏息的) 【知识归纳】 (1)hold one's breath 屏住呼吸 lose one's breath 喘不过气来 take a deep breath 深呼吸 out of breath 上气不接下气 (2)breathe a sigh of relief 如释重负，松了一口气 【语用点拨】 (1)Gasping for breath, she leaned against the door. 她靠在门上，大口喘着气。(动作描写) (2)He burst into the room, red­faced and out of breath. 他冲进房间，满脸通红，气喘吁吁。(神态描写) (3)Her lips parted as if she were about to take a deep breath.她张开了嘴，好像要做深呼吸。(动作描写) (4)We had to stop for breath before we got to the top. 我们不得不喘口气，然后再登山顶。(情节描写) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The little girl was nervous, so she took a deep breath and knocked on the door. ②玛丽一路跑着去学校，到达教室时上气不接下气。 Running all the way to school, Mary was out of breath when she reached her classroom. ③这个小男孩躲在门后，屏住呼吸，唯恐被找到。 Hiding behind the door, the little boy held his breath for fear of being found． ④赛季结束时，我们大多数志愿者都松了一口气。 Most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. 3　 concern n. 忧虑，担心；关心；关注　vt. 让(某人)担忧；涉及；关系到 (☞concerned adj. 担心的；关注的；相关的 ☞concerning prep. 关于；有关) 【知识归纳】 (1)show/express concern about/for ... 对……表示关心/担心 (2)be concerned about/for ... 担心……；关心…… be concerned with ... 涉及……；关心…… as far as ... be concerned 就……而言 【语用点拨】 (1)The story concerns the prince's efforts to rescue Pamina. 这则故事讲的是王子奋力解救帕米娜。(书评) (2)We are deeply concerned to get out of this problematic situation. 我们非常关心如何摆脱这种问题重重的局面。(投诉信) (3)She was concerned that she might miss the turning and get lost. 她担心自己可能会错过转弯的地方而迷路。(情节描写) (4)People are concerned about getting left behind right now. 人们现在担心被落下。(报道) (5)As far as I'm concerned, you can do what you like.就我而言，你可以做你喜欢做的事。(观点表述) 【名师点津】“就某人而言”的其他表达：in one's opinion/view；from one's point of view等。 【语境运用】单句语法填空/同义句转换 ①Concerned (concern) about the student, the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class. ②The meeting was concerned with reforms and everyone present was concerned for/about their own interests. ③I'm writing to express my opinion concerning (concern) Chinese customs, which is useful for you to pay a visit to a Chinese friend. ④In my opinion, online learning has both advantages and disadvantages. →From my point of view, online learning has both advantages and disadvantages. →As far as I'm concerned, online learning has both advantages and disadvantages. 4　 annoyed adj. 恼怒的，烦恼的(☞annoy vt. 使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰 ☞annoyance n. 烦恼；令人恼火的事 ☞annoying adj. 讨厌的；恼人的) 【知识归纳】 (1)be annoyed at/about sth 因某事而生气 be annoyed with sb 对某人生气 (2)annoy sb with/by ... 因……而使某人烦恼 (3)to one's annoyance 使某人生气的是 【语用点拨】 (1)He was beginning to get very annoyed with me about my carelessness. 因为我的粗心大意，他已开始恼火了。(情节描写) (2)It annoyed me that I didn't have time to do more ironing. 没有时间熨更多的衣服让我感到心烦。(日记) (3)Try making a note of the things that annoy you. 试着把让你心烦的事记下来。(建议信) (4)He swatted a fly that was annoying him. 他猛力拍打一只搅得他心烦的苍蝇。(动作描写) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/句式升级 ①I'm so annoyed with her that I haven't contacted her for a week. ②Both upset and annoyed (annoy), I decided to go there on foot. ③To his annoyance, he found they hadn't waited for him. →What annoyed him was that he found they hadn't waited for him. (what引导的主语从句) 5　 adjust v. 适应，(使)习惯；调整(☞adjustment n. 调整，调节，适应☞adjustable adj. 可调整的，可调节的) 【知识归纳】 (1)adjust ... to ... 调整……以适应…… adjust (oneself) to (doing) ... 使(自己)适应于(做)…… (2)make an adjustment/adjustments to ... 对……做出调整 【语用点拨】 (1)We should adjust our aim from time to time in order to go ahead continuously. 我们应该时不时地调整我们的目标，以便继续前进。(倡议书) (2)She made a few minor adjustments to the focus of her camera. 她对照相机的焦距做了一些小的调整。(动作描写) (3)The height of the bicycle seat is adjustable. 这辆自行车车座的高度可以调节。(便条) (4)She adjusted her skirt, took a deep breath, and walked into the room. 她整理了一下裙子，深吸了一口气，然后走进了房间。(动作描写) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It took him quite a while to adjust to living (live) alone after his parents passed away. ②I am writing to apologize to you for my not making adjustments (adjust) to the relevant information in time, which caused great inconvenience to you. ③知道你在适应新的学校生活方面有一些困难，我写信给你一些建议，希望这些建议能对你有帮助。 Knowing that you have some difficulties in adjusting yourself to the new school life, I'm writing to give you some tips, which I hope will be of help to you. 6　 forgive v. 原谅，宽恕(☞forgiveness n. 宽恕，原谅) 【知识归纳】 forgive sb sth 原谅某人某事 forgive sb for (doing) sth 原谅某人(做了)某事 【语用点拨】 (1)forgive and forget不计前嫌(人际关系) (2)I'm writing this letter to beg you for your forgiveness. 我写这封信是为了请求你的原谅。(道歉信) (3)I don't think she's ever quite forgiven me for getting her name wrong that time. 我认为那次把她的名字弄错后她一直都没完全原谅我。(求助信) (4)He burst into tears, begging her to forgive him and swearing to pay back everything he had stolen. 他突然哭了起来，求她原谅他并发誓要偿还他偷的所有东西。(人物描写) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It was an incredible display of motherly love and forgiveness (forgive)． ②Forgive me for interrupting, but I really don't agree with that. ③众所周知，不计前嫌是一种美德。 As is known to us, it's a virtue to forgive and forget. 7　et down 使失望，辜负 【知识归纳】 let alone 更不用说；更谈不上 let sb/sth alone 不管/不干涉某人/某物 let off 释放；使(炸药等)爆炸 let out 使出去；放出；泄露；发出(声音) let go (of)　放手，松手，放开；使自由；放弃 let in 让……进来；允许……参加；让……知情 【语境运用】用let 的相关短语填空/完成句子 ①It's time to let go of the past. ②Working this way for one year was painful enough, let alone a lifetime. ③The theater was so small that they refused to let in any more people. ④如果我能被录用为志愿者，我不会让你失望的。 If I'm admitted as a volunteer, I won't let you down. 8　It is believed that ... 人们相信/认为…… 【知识归纳】 “It＋be＋过去分词＋that ...”的常见句式： It is said that ... 据说…… It is reported that ... 据报道…… It is pointed out that ... 有人指出…… It is thought that ... 有人认为…… It is claimed that ... 据称…… It is announced that ... 据宣布…… It is well­known that ... 众所周知…… It is generally acknowledged/recognized/accepted that ... 普遍认为…… 【名师点津】“It＋be＋过去分词＋that ...”通常可转换为“sb/sth＋be＋过去分词＋to do/to be ...”。 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It is generally accepted that lexical chunks serve an important function in language learning. ②It is well known that lack of sleep and disturbed sleep patterns cause obesity. ③人们认为温室气体是导致全球变暖的主要原因。 It is believed that greenhouse gases are the main causes of global warming. Ⅲ 语基过关检测 维度一　单句语法填空 1. (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent (dependent) individuals. 2．(2023·全国乙卷)Writing is one of humanity's later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns (concern) not only in writing but in things. 3．(2024·湖南省长沙市湖南师范大学附属中学高三质量检测)And by doing so, they might be saving the presenter from embarrassment (embarrass) in a more public forum. 4．(人教B3­U2)She picked herself up and limped away in tears (tear). 5．(2023·全国乙卷)It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain's consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. 6．(2024·宁夏银川市唐徕中学高三月考)My mother explained that the ants were actually dying of “frustration”—feeling annoyed (annoy) and disappointed as they couldn't control the situation. 7．The signal (sign) for a race to start is often the firing of a gun. 8．There are a lot of complexities (complex) surrounding this issue. 9．Emily had a hard time adjusting (adjust) herself to the new environment at first, but she managed to get through it later. 10．(译林XB4­U3)Justify yourself (you) with relevant examples from your personal experience and be specific about your achievements. 维度二　语篇练习 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 Dear Ann， I'm sorry to learn you're having trouble getting along with your friends in your new school. However, there is no need to be nervous about it. The problem is ①easy to resolve (容易解决) if you take my tips. To begin with, if you put your foot in your mouth ②by accident (偶然地), be sure ③to apologise to your friend (向你的朋友道歉) sincerely. ④To be frank (说实话), I believe that your friend will forgive you anyway. Moreover, I suggest that you ⑤(should) help your friends out (帮助你的朋友解决困难) when necessary, which will enable you to develop a close bond with them. Hope my advice will be of help to you. May you adjust to the new environment as soon as possible. Yours， Li Hua Ⅳ 读写用·素养提升 维度一　一词多义/熟词生义 (一)根据语境选出加黑词concern的词性和含义 A．v. 涉及；影响　B．v. 让(某人)担忧　C．n. 忧虑，担心 1．The recent rise in crime is a matter of considerable public concern. 2．The individuals concerned have some explaining to do. 3．The boy's poor health concerned his parents. 答案：1.C　2.A　3.B (二)根据语境选出加黑词signal的词性和含义 A．v. 发信号，示意　B．v. 标志着　C．n. 信号 1．The scandal surely signals the end of his political career. 2．The policeman scolded the driver for turning without a signal. 3．A man stood up, signaling that he strongly subscribed to the plan. 答案：1.B　2.C　3.A 维度二　构词法 (2024·广东省广州市第三中学高三测试)Apart from ren, Confucius put forward another concept, which is yi or righteousness. 合成词：a­朝向＋part 部分＝把各部分分开；apart意为分离，分开。 维度三　长难句分析 (2023·北京高考)She called for action to address the struggles of people around the world facing “too little water or too dirty water”． 一划主干：She called for action。 二括修饰：to address ... 在句中作目的状语， facing ... 现在分词短语作后置定语。 三会意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地人民面临的“水太少或水太脏”的问题。 维度四　写作提能 完成句子/同义句转换/句式升级/一句多译 1．总统很清楚，这种局势维持不了多久。(形容词后接that从句作宾语) The President was clear that this situation could not last long. 2．我父亲每次来北京，都怀着敬意去参观人民英雄纪念碑。(every time) Every time my father comes to Beijing, he goes to visit the Monument to the People's Heroes with respect. 3．I owe a debt of thanks to Joyce, whose careful and able research is very helpful. →I owe a debt of thanks to Joyce, whose careful and able research is of great help． 4．You can adjust yourself to the life in Beijing soon only by learning some basic Chinese in advance. →Only by learning some basic Chinese in advance can you adjust yourself to the life in Beijing soon. (倒装句) 5．据报道，当年夏天的洪水是100年来最大的一次。 It was reported that the flood in the summer of the year was the biggest in 100 years. ＝The flood in the summer of the year was reported to be the biggest in 100 years. 课时作业 Ⅰ.阅读 A (2024·甘肃省白银市靖远县一中、四中高三联考)Sighs have long been seen as a sign of depression, frustration or even despair, leading us to ask the sighing person, “What's wrong？” A recent study turns that belief on its head. Instead of seeing sighs as sadness or annoyance, recognize them for what they accomplish—stress relief, said Dr David Spiegel. “People think taking a deep breath is the way to ease stress，” he said. “But it turns out that exhaling (呼气) slowly is a better way to calm yourself.” Spiegel and his team conducted a study, comparing three different types of deep breathing with mindfulness meditation (冥想). The goal was to see whether a breathing technique might be as effective as meditation in reducing stress. Researchers sorted 114 people into four groups and asked them to practice mindful meditation or one breathing exercise—box breathing, cyclic hyperventilation or cyclic sighing—for five minutes a day for 28 days. Box breathing requires a person to breathe in, hold, breathe out, and pause equally to the count of four. In cyclic hyperventilation, a person breathes in deeply and out quickly—the inhalations are much longer than the exhalations. In cyclic sighing, a person inhales through the nose until the lungs are halfway full, then pauses briefly. The lungs are then filled completely with another breath, and then the breath is slowly exhaled out of the mouth. The team then assessed moods, anxiety levels and sleep behavior after each breathing or meditation session. Sleep was not affected, the study found. All forms of breathing and meditation increased positive mood and improved anxiety. However, breathing was more effective than meditation, with cyclic sighing making the most difference, the study found. Deliberately taking a slow, deep breath, holding it, and then letting it out slowly activates the parasympathetic nervous system, responsible for controlling how the body rests and digests, Spiegel said. Heart rate slows, blood pressure drops, digestion is improved and the mind begins to wind down and relax. “We believe breathing is a pathway into mind­body control，” he added. “It's part of the autonomic system like digestion and your heartbeat, but unlike those body functions, you can easily regulate breathing.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。一项最新的研究结果表明，各种呼吸方式更能提高积极情绪和改善焦虑，其中周期性叹息的效果最显著。 1．What is the common belief concerning sighs? A．They help reduce stress. B．They bring bad luck. C．They represent calmness. D．They reflect bad moods. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Sighs have long been ... ‘What's wrong？’”可知，叹气一直被视为抑郁、沮丧甚至绝望的表现，即叹气反映了不良情绪。故选D。 2．What's Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The research procedures. B．Four breathing techniques. C．The differences between deep breathing and meditation. D．The effect of breathing techniques on stress reduction. 答案：A　段落大意题。通读第二段可知，本段主要介绍了整个研究的过程以及研究步骤——将研究对象分组进行不同冥想或者呼吸练习进行比较研究。故选A。 3．What can be learned from the experiment? A．Deep breathing increases anxiety levels. B．Meditation is useless at increasing positive moods. C．Cyclic sighing can improve anxiety most effectively. D．Mediation affects sleep more obviously than deep breathing. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However, breathing was ... the study found.(然而，研究发现，呼吸比冥想更有效，周期性叹气的效果最显著。)”可知，周期性叹气可以最有效地改善焦虑。故选C。 4．What does Spiegel intend to express in the last paragraph? A．The automatic system of human body is hard to regulate. B．Breathing is as an important body function as heartbeat. C．Mind­body control is of great importance to mental health. D．Controlling breath is an easy way to benefit our health. 答案：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It's part of the autonomic system ... can easily regulate breathing.”可知，呼吸像消化和心跳一样是自主系统的一部分，但相比消化和心跳，呼吸很容易进行调节，由此可推知，控制呼吸是一种有益于健康的简单方法。故选D。 B (2024·山西省大同市第一中学高三月考)In conversations with strangers, people commonly tend to think they should speak less than half the conversation time to be likable. But we've discovered this idea is wrong. Our data shows that people tend to think they should speak about 45% of the time to be likable in a one­on­one conversation with someone new. However, it appears speaking up a bit more is actually a better strategy. In our research, we randomly assigned people to speak for 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% of the time in a conversation with someone new. We found that the more they spoke, the more they were liked by their new partners. This was only one study with 116 participants, but the outcome is supported by other researchers' findings. For example, a previous study randomly assigned one in a pair to take on the role of “speaker” and the other to take on the role of “listener”. After engaging in 12­minute interactions, listeners liked speakers more than speakers liked listeners because listeners felt more similar to speakers than speakers did to listeners. This outcome suggests the reason people prefer those who speak up: Learning more about a new partner can make you feel like you have more in common with him or her. Further, we assigned people to speak for up to 70% and even 90% of the time. The result shows it is not an ideal strategy. Our research does not suggest people hold down a conversational partner but rather that they feel comfortable speaking up more than they usually might. 　Research like ours can help people gain a more reasonable understanding of social interactions with new people and become more confident about how to make a good first impression. It has the obvious benefit of allowing us to carefully control speaking time. However, it does not reflect more natural conversations. Future research should figure out whether our findings generalize to more natural interactions. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于如何与陌生人互动交往的研究。 5．What is the common belief concerning conversations with strangers? A．Speaking a little less is preferred. B．Speaking half the time is the best. C．Listeners are more likable than speakers. D．Listeners fail to control the conversations. 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In conversations with ... the conversation time to be likable.(在与陌生人交谈时，人们通常倾向于认为他们说话少于一半的对话时间才能讨人喜欢。)”可知，关于与陌生人交谈的普遍看法是“少说一点是最好的”。故选A。 6．How was the research carried out? A．By analyzing speaking habits. B．By making comparisons. C．By listing examples. D．By collecting data. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In our research ... their new partners.(在我们的研究中，我们随机分配了一些人，让他们在与陌生人对话时，用30%、40%、50%、60%的时间说话。我们发现，他们说得越多，他们的新合作伙伴就越喜欢他们。)”可推知，研究是通过比较说话时间来实施的。故选B。 7．What is the disadvantage of the research? A．The conversation time is limited. B．Further study is hard to continue. C．The findings are less widely applicable. D．Interactions with strangers are missing. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“However, it does not ... more natural interactions.(然而，它并没有反映出更自然的对话。未来的研究应该弄清楚我们的发现是否适用于更自然的互动。)”可知，这项研究的发现适用性不那么广泛。故选C。 8．In which situation can the research finding be applied? A．Attending a family gathering. B．Partying with your friends. C．Meeting a new teacher. D．Making a public speech. 答案：C　推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了一项关于如何与陌生人互动交往的研究，由此可推知，该研究发现可以应用于“与一位新老师初次见面”。故选C。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·广东省广州市第三中学高三测试)I would be regretful if I did not write about the incredible people we met in Thailand. The staff at the hotels we stayed in went out of their way to make us feel 1 . It could be argued that they were just doing their 2 ， but this is not how it felt to us. At the IuDia Hotel in Ayutthaya the staff went above and 3 what we would have expected. The dining room was not open in the evening and when we asked where we could get a takeaway meal, the front desk clerk 4 us to the nearby restaurant. After we returned, the hotel staff 5 us with what we needed—plates and cutlery. Not only did they put our food in servicing bowls, but also they 6 the clean­up while we slept. We were 7 and deeply touched by their kindness and 8 ． On one of our walks my brother and I were offered bottles of freshwater by one of the locals. She felt that we needed it and did not want to take 9 for the two bottles she offered. She 10 agreed to take 10 Thai bahts; instead, we gave her 20. My brother 11 that her kindness deserved more than the 20 Thai bahts. We all laughed, sharing a moment of comradery that still 12 my heart. Our experiences were a 13 to be open, willing to interact with 14 and to share parts of ourselves with them as well—a 15 worth learning and remembering. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者在泰国旅行时感受到了陌生人的善意。 1．A.relaxed B．amused C．welcome D．surprised 答案：C　根据后文“The dining room was not open ... plates and cutlery.”可知，作者在入住酒店时，想要吃东西，酒店的员工不仅带作者去找吃的，还给作者送上了餐具，因此让作者感到受欢迎。故选C。 2．A.affair B．share C．problems D．matters 答案：B　后文“Not only did they put our food in servicing bowls, but also they 6 the clean­up while we slept.”提到他们不仅把作者的食物放在碗里，还在作者睡觉的时候打扫卫生。由此可知，作者认为服务员做了一些超出了他们职责范围的事情，因此，此处指别人或许认为他们只是做了他们应该做的事，但作者并不这样想。share作名词，意为“(应得或应承担的)一份”。故选B。 3．A.across B．besides C．over D．beyond 答案：D　此处指作者认为服务员做了一些超出了他们职责范围的事情。故选D。 4．A.urged B．watched C．walked D．informed 答案：C　句意：餐厅晚上不营业，当我们问哪里可以叫外卖时，前台服务员带我们去了附近的餐厅。walk意为“陪伴着……走；护送……走”。故选C。 5．A.granted B．delivered C．purchased D．provided 答案：D　根据后文“Not only did they put our food in servicing bowls”可知，作者买了食物回来后，服务员为作者提供了所需的餐具，provide sb with sth意为“提供给某人某物”。故选D。 6．A.kept track of B．took care of C．caught up with D．put up with 答案：B　keep track of 跟踪；记录；保持联系；take care of 照顾；处理；catch up with 追上；put up with 忍受。根据后文“the clean­up while we slept”可知，服务员在作者睡觉时打扫了卫生。故选B。 7．A.dreadful B．grateful C．regretful D．hopeful 答案：B　dreadful 糟糕透顶的；grateful 感激的；regretful 后悔的；hopeful 有希望的。根据后文“deeply touched by their kindness”可知，作者对于服务员在深夜还热情的帮助十分感激。故选B。 8．A.care B．passion C．generosity D．awareness 答案：A　前文提到作者在想吃东西的时候由服务员陪同去找到了餐厅，同时在作者吃东西时还提供了餐具，并且在作者吃完后还打扫了卫生，服务员对作者的关心让作者很感动。故选A。 9．A.place B．charge C．responsibility D．payment 答案：D　根据后文“She 10 agreed to take 10 Thai bahts; instead, we gave her 20.”可知，这个陌生人刚开始的时候没想过让作者付钱。故选D。 10．A.carefully B．quickly C．eventually D．reluctantly 答案：C　根据前文“She felt that we needed it and did not want to take 9 for the two bottles she offered.”以及后文“instead, we gave her 20”可知，这个善良的陌生人最终还是同意收下10泰铢。故选C。 11．A.insisted B．involved C．persuaded D．proposed 答案：A　insist 坚持认为；involve 涉及；persuade 劝说；说服；propose 提议。根据后文“her kindness deserved more than the 20 Thai bahts”可知，作者的哥哥坚持认为她的善意不止值20泰铢。故选A。 12．A.warms B．moves C．races D．strikes 答案：A　此处指作者和哥哥在泰国旅游时收到了来自陌生人的善意，这样的善意让他们觉得很温暖。故选A。 13．A.principle B．memory C．thought D．reminder 答案：D　根据后文“to be open, willing to interact with 14 and to share parts of ourselves with them as well”可知，作者的经历提醒着自己要以开放的姿态与陌生人交流。故选D。 14．A.strangers B．acquaintances C．waiters D．givers 答案：A　前文提到作者在酒店被服务员善意的对待，以及作者和哥哥在路上遇到的当地人，对于作者来讲都是陌生人，这是作者在泰国旅游时感受到的陌生人给予的善意。故选A。 15．A.task B．lesson C．moment D．subject 答案：B　根据后文“worth learning and remembering”可知，作者认为这段回忆是值得自己向陌生人学习发散善意的一节课。故选B。 　 一　词汇过关测＋练 1．extend：ex­出；tend同tent，tens 伸展→伸出去，引申词义：持续；延伸 2．donate：don­同dit­给予；­ate动词后缀→给出去，引申词义：捐赠，捐献 3．generous：gener­同gen­，genit­出生，产生；­ous形容词后缀→不断产生，引申词义：慷慨的，大方的 4．temporary：tempor­同temper “时间”或时间引起的现象；­ary形容词后缀→有时间性，引申词义：短期的，短暂的；临时的 5．territory：terr­土地；­itory场所，范围→土地的范围，引申词义：地区，地方 1．drug n. 药物，药材 2．foundation n. 基金会 3．mission n. 职责；使命 4．disease n. 疾病，病 5．cancer n. 癌症 6．royal adj. 王室的，皇家的 7．shortage n. 短缺，不足，缺乏 8．internal adj. 内部的 9．obtain v. 获得，得到 10．further adj. 更多的，附加的 11．recycle v. 再利用，回收利用 12．contribution n. 贡献 13．military n. 军队 14．fund v. 为……提供奖金，资助 15．relief n. 减轻，缓解 16．effective adj. 有效的，产生预期效果的 17．insight n. 顿悟，猛醒 18．aid v. 帮助，援助 19．ministry n. (政府的)部 20．chief adj. 最高级别的，首席的 1．(2024·黑龙江省大庆实验中学高三阶段考试)The team is planning further (更多的) experiments to gain a better understanding of mechanisms behind swap errors. 2．(2022·天津高考)To be successful in college you'll need to learn how to integrate large amounts of information obtained (获取) through reading, do research, and write papers. 3．(北师B2­U6)The drug with artemisinin has proved to be the most effective (有效的) cure. 4．(2024·宁夏银川市唐徕中学高三月考)Turning on the air conditioning can bring sweet relief (减轻) from the heat. 5．(译林B3­U1)It has to be a community­wide effort, and everyone can help by following the golden rule: reduce, reuse and recycle (再利用). 6．(2024·辽宁省重点高中沈阳市郊联体高三月考)It's just a one­hour change, but this shows how sensitive our bodies maybe to internal (内部的) clock interruption. 7．(人教B3­U5)It was his devotion and contribution (贡献) that motivated me greatly. 8．(2024·河南省名校联盟高三阶段性测试)Across the United States, pools have been cutting back hours or closing entirely due to a shortage (缺乏) of lifeguards. 1．disability n. 残疾，残障→disable v. 使伤残，使丧失能力；使无效→disabled adj. 丧失能力的；有残疾的 2．relief n. 减轻，缓解→relieve v. 解除，减轻，缓和→relieved adj. 感到宽慰的 3．effective adj. 有效的，产生预期效果的→effect n. 效应；影响；结果→effectiveness n. 效率→effectively adv. 有效地 4．contribution n. 贡献→contribute v. 捐款；贡献；捐助；导致；投稿→contributor n. 贡献者；捐助者；投稿者 5．extend v. 持续；延伸→extension n. 扩建部分；扩大；(电话)分机→extensive adj. 广阔的；广泛的；大量的 6．earn v. 挣(钱)→earning n. 收入 7．reality n. 真实，现实→realize v. 实现；意识到；领悟→realistic adj. 现实的；逼真的；实事求是的 8．perseverance n. 不屈不挠，坚持不懈→persevere v. 锲而不舍，坚持不懈 9．donate v. 捐赠，捐献→donation n. 捐赠物，捐赠，赠送 10．sensitive adj. 敏感的；容易生气的→sensible adj. 明智的；意识到→sense n. 感觉；意识；理解力 11．generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的→generously adv. 慷慨地→generosity n. 慷慨，大方 12．hesitate v. 迟疑，犹豫→hesitant adj. 犹豫的，迟疑的→hesitation n. 犹豫，踌躇 13．institution n. 机构，团体→institutional adj. 机构的，慈善机构的 14．assistance n. 帮助，援助→assist v. 帮助；协助；援助；促进→assistant n. 助理；助手　adj. 助理的；副的 15．registration n. 登记，注册→register v. 登记，注册 16．major adj. 重要的，主要的→majority n. 大部分，大多数；多数票→minority n. 少数；少数民族 17．achievement n. 成绩，成就→achieve v. (凭长期努力)达到(某目标、地位、标准)；完成；成功 18．confirmation n. 证实，证明→confirm vt. 证实，确认；使确信；批准 19．treatment n. 治疗；疗法→treat v. 治疗；对待；款待　n. 招待；款待 20．certificate n. 证明书，证书→certification n. 证明，资质证书 1.He contributed $ 50 million to the project a few years back. All of us think he made a generous contribution to complete the project. (contribute) 2．To the parents' relief, the new medicine helped relieve the pain of their son's injured leg. (relieve) 3．She said that in order to realize her dream, she experienced a lot of failures and pains. People must set realistic objectives for themselves. (realize) 4．Don't worry about the people with disabilities, for most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people. (disable) 5．He is a generous man and is respected by all the people around him for his generosity and kindness. (generous) 6．Tom is an assistant teacher in the college. He often assists the students with their problems and gives assistance to any student in need. (assist) 7．I've achieved only half of what I hoped to do, so I cannot celebrate the achievements I've made although everyone says I should feel a sense of achievement. (achieve) 8．Once you hesitate about a decision, you will miss a good chance. Don't be hesitant, but be cautious. (hesitate) 1　relief [熟义]　n. 减轻，缓解，轻松，宽慰 [生义]　n. 救济 Relief agencies are stepping up efforts to provide food, shelter and agricultural equipment. 救济机构正加大力度提供食物、住所和农用器械。 2　fund [熟义]　v. 为……提供资金，资助　n. 基金；资金；现款 [生义]　n. 储备；(相当)数量 She has a fund of knowledge about modern jazz. 她有着丰富的现代爵士乐知识。 3　territory [熟义]　n. 领土，领地 [生义]　n. 地区，地方；(知识)领域；(经验)范围 ①The company is moving into unfamiliar territory with this new software. 该公司正利用这款新软件进入一个不熟悉的领域。 ②The agreement gives the territory limited self­rule. 这个协议规定该地区享有一定的自治权。 4　temporary [熟义]　adj. 短期的；短暂的；临时的 [生义]　n. 临时工；临时雇员 She works in the office as a temporary. 她在办公室做临时工。 小积累 1.盘点后缀­ion名词 ①contribution 贡献 ②decoration 装饰；修饰 ③devotion 奉献 ④donation 捐赠 ⑤celebration 庆典；庆祝活动 2．盘点­age结尾的名词 ①shortage 短缺 ②garage 车库 ③cabbage 洋白菜 ④package 包裹 ⑤garbage 垃圾 ⑥passage 通道 ⑦luggage 行李 3．“to one's＋n.”高频短语 ①to one's relief 使某人欣慰的是 ②to one's joy/delight 使某人高兴的是 ③to one's shame 使某人丢脸的是 ④to one's disappointment 使某人失望的是 ⑤to one's amusement 使某人愉快的是 ⑥to one's surprise/shock 使某人惊奇/震惊的是 二　语块过关测＋练 1．give up 放弃 2．be grateful for 感激；感谢 3．cheer up 振作起来 4．benefit from 从……中受益 5．make a difference 有影响 6．be/feel confident about 对……有信心 7．at the same time 与此同时 8．come up with 提出 9．turn out 最后是，结果发现；关掉 10．be suitable for 适合…… 11．set up 建立；调试 12．rise to one's feet 站起身来 1．(2023·全国乙卷)Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. 2．(译林B1­U1)The possibilities are endless, and I have confidence in your ability to make a difference to your family, to your community and to our country. 3．I am grateful for the solidarity and compassion shown during this difficult time. 4．The course is suitable for both beginners and advanced students. 5.Hearing a strange noise, the little boy quickly rose to his feet and ran away. 6．(人教B2­U5)At the same time, we all go through various periods when we feel sad or alone. 三　句式迁移练 1．what引导的主语从句 【迁移创新】What amazed me most was that he won first prize in the English speech contest. 最让我惊讶的是他在这次英语演讲比赛中赢得了一等奖。 2．“not ... but ...”结构 【迁移创新】Not you but she is wanted on the telephone. 电话里找的是她而不是你。 3．on doing ... 一……就…… 【迁移创新】On arriving home after work, Mom began to be busy preparing supper for the whole family. 下班后一到家，妈妈就开始忙着为全家人准备晚饭。 Ⅰ 忆课文·语篇理解 Six­year­old Canadian schoolboy Ryan couldn't believe that many people in 1 (develop) African countries couldn't get enough clean water. So, Ryan decided 2 (earn) money to build a single well somewhere in Africa. He 3 (clean) windows and did gardening for his family and neighbours, reaching his first target of $70 soon. But he 4 (tell) that $70 wasn't enough for a well. He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded 5 (they) to donate money. At 6 same time, a friend of Ryan's mother helped make his story go public. After several months, Ryan had raised $2，000, with 7 a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. The children at the school were grateful 8 him and invited him to visit. He 9 (real) had made a difference to these children. Later, Ryan set up a foundation to encourage more people to help. Many 10 (inspire) people gave him their support. Today, over 800，000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited from the life­changing gift of clean, safe water. 1． 　2. 　3. 　4. 　5. 　6. 　7. 　8. 　9． 　10. 答案：1.developing　2.to earn　3.cleaned　4.was told　5.them　6.the　7.which　8.to　9.really　10.inspired Nicholas Winton was born on 19 May 1909 in London.Upon 1 (leave) school, Winton worked in banks in Germany and France and later returned to Britain, 2 he worked in business. In December 1938, Winton came to Prague 3 (aid) people who were escaping from the Nazis. He helped transport children to safety in Britain. He established an office to keep records of the children, found temporary homes for them and used donated money and his own money to pay 4 the British government required for each child. During World WarⅡ， Winton served as 5 officer and left the military in 1954. For the most part, he did not mention the children he saved, and his actions soon 6 (disappear) from people's memories. That 7 (total) changed in 1988 when his wife Grete found a 8 (forget) journal at home, which contained photographs and names of the children and addresses of the families. She was so surprised and moved that she sent it 9 a newspaper. Quickly, his actions captured public attention. Winton became a respected figure around the world and received various honours for his 10 (achieve)． 1． 　2. 　3. 　4. 　5. 　6. 　7. 　8. 9． 　10. 答案：1.leaving　2.where　3.to aid　4.what　5.an　6.disappeared　7.totally　8.forgotten　9.to　10.achievements Ⅱ 学思悟·重点突破 1　 contribution n. 贡献；捐献；稿件(☞contribute v. 捐赠，捐献，捐助；贡献；导致；投稿；是……的原因之一；增加；添加 ☞contributor n. 捐款人；做出贡献的人) 【知识归纳】 (1)make a contribution/contributions to ... 对……做出贡献 (2)contribute sth to ... 把……捐献给…… contribute to 促成；造成；向……投稿 【语用点拨】 (1)make a contribution to charity 给慈善事业捐款(报道) (2)I had no intention of depreciating your contribution. 我无意贬低你的贡献。(建议信) (3)Arts contribute to cultural development when people gather together to share their experience. 当人们聚在一起分享他们的经验时，艺术便有助于文化的发展。(博客) (4)I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the world. 我相信我们每一个人都能为世界的未来做出贡献。(倡议书) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/句式升级/完成句子 ①Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities. ②He made such a great contribution to the university that the new library was named after him. →Such a great contribution to the university did he make that the new library was named after him.(倒装句) ③如果你想给我们的报纸投稿，请在截止日期之前把文章发给我。 If you want to contribute to our newspaper, please send me your article before the deadline. 2　 relief n. 减轻，缓解，解脱；调剂；救济(☞relieve v. 减轻，缓和；缓解) 【知识归纳】 (1)to one's relief 令人感到欣慰的是 with/in relief 欣慰地；宽慰地 It is a relief to do sth. 做某事是放心的/舒心的。 (2)relieve sb of ... 缓和/减轻某人的…… 【语用点拨】 (1)What a relief！真是松了口气！(祝贺信) (2)relieve the pressure of learning 缓解学习压力(建议信) (3)We all breathed a sigh of relief when he left. 他走了以后，我们大家都松了一口气。(心理描写) (4)The calm of the countryside came as a welcome relief from the hustle and bustle of city life. 乡村的宁静使人从城市生活的喧嚣忙碌中解脱出来。(环境描写) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ① —You seem to be in a really good mood. —I finished my last test today. What a relief! Now I'm free. ②We succeeded in climbing onto the helicopter, gasping with/in relief. ③Much to his relief, his younger brother recovered quickly after operation. ④Quality counts less than attitude and effort—even a stupid joke can relieve others of risk and embarrassment. ⑤听到他在事故中幸免于难的消息，我们大家都松了一口气。 We all breathed a sigh of relief when we heard the news that he had survived the accident. 3　 donate vt. 捐赠，捐献；赠送；献(血) (☞donation n. 捐款；捐赠；捐献☞donated adj. 捐赠的) 【知识归纳】 (1)donate ... to sb/sth 把……捐赠给某人或某物 donate ... to do sth 捐赠……做某事 (2)make a donation to ... 向……捐赠 【语用点拨】 (1)I think it would be better to donate money to a temporary shelter for the homeless. 我觉得把钱捐给无家可归者的临时收容所会更好。(建议信) (2)A wealthy benefactor came to their rescue with a generous donation. 一位富有的赞助人慷慨解囊挽救了他们。(情节描写) (3)donations of food and money 食品和金钱的捐赠(通知) (4)Some people give a regular monthly donation while others vary the amount they give. 有些人每月定期捐款，而另一些人则不同。(告知信) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①We are collecting donations (donate) for the relief fund. ②Over 90% of the goods in the charity shops are donated (donate) by the public. ③如果你有不需要的旧的或穿过的衣服，为什么不把它们捐赠给那些有需要的人呢？ If you have old or used clothes you don't need, why not donate them to those people in need？ 4　 reality n. 真实，现实；实际经历；实际情况；事实(☞realize vt. 实现；使……成为现实；认识到；意识到 ☞realization n. 认识；领悟 ☞real adj. 真的；真实的；真正的 ☞unreal adj. 不真实的 ☞really adv. 真正地；事实上 ☞realistic adj. 现实的；实际可行的；逼真的☞unrealistic adj. 不切合实际的) 【知识归纳】 in reality＝in fact 事实上；实际上 beyond reality 超越现实 bring ... back to reality 使……回到现实 【语用点拨】 (1)Outwardly she seemed confident but in reality she felt extremely nervous. 表面上看，她显得信心十足，而实际上她紧张得要命。(人物描写) (2)There is now a growing realization that things cannot go on like this for much longer. 人们越来越认识到事情不能再这样发展下去了。(倡议书) (3)You need to be realistic about the amount you can do in a day. 你对自己一天能完成多少工作量要现实一点。(建议信) (4)Then we won our next 10 games, which remains a record. It was unreal. 之后我们又赢了 10 场比赛，这仍然是一项纪录。这太不真实了。(日记) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I haven't got much sleep the past week, and I feel really (real) tired now. ②The researcher had conducted a particular survey before he got a realistic (real) plan for the project. ③It is unrealistic (realistic) to expect these changes to happen overnight. ④她当医生的愿望最终实现了。 Her wish to become a doctor was finally realized. 5　 hesitate v. 迟疑，犹豫(☞hesitation n. 踌躇；犹豫) 【知识归纳】 (1)hesitate to do sth 迟疑做某事 hesitate about/over (doing) sth 对(做)某事犹豫不决 (2)without hesitation 毫不犹豫地 have no hesitation in doing sth 毫不犹豫地做某事 【语用点拨】 (1)Don't hesitate to turn to us if you are in difficulty. We are always ready to help. 如果你有困难，尽管来找我们。我们随时准备帮助你。(建议信) (2)Upon hearing that her grandmother was ill, she hurried back to her hometown in the countryside without any hesitation. 一听说奶奶生病了，她毫不犹豫地赶回了乡下老家。(人物描写) (3)He hesitated before opening the door and walking into the room. 他在开门走进房间之前犹豫了一下。(动作描写) (4)If you ask me what my favorite book is, I would say Harry Potter without hesitation. 如果你问我最爱哪本书，我会毫不犹豫地告诉你是《哈利·波特》。(推荐信) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译 ①He hesitated (hesitate) for a moment before kicking the ball; otherwise he would have scored a goal. ②We must pursue our dreams without hesitation (hesitate) and eventually we can succeed. ③无论你何时有麻烦，我都会毫不犹豫地帮助你。 Whenever you are in trouble, I will not hesitate to offer you a helping hand. ④如果你有问题，一定要毫不犹豫地向我们求助。 If you have questions, don't hesitate to turn to us for help． ＝If you have questions, do turn to us for help without hesitation. 6　aid v．& n. 帮助，援助 【知识归纳】 (1)aid sb in (doing) sth 帮助某人(做)某事 aid sb with sth 以某物帮助某人 aid sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事 (2)with the aid of ... 在……的帮助下 do/give/offer/perform/carry out first aid 进行急救 come to one's aid 援助某人 【语用点拨】 (1)economic/humanitarian/emergency aid 经济/人道主义/紧急援助(社会现象) (2)There are many emergencies which need prompt first aid treatment. 有很多紧急情况需要进行迅速的急救治疗。(告知信) (3)He was breathing only with the aid of a ventilator. 他只能靠呼吸器呼吸。(人物描写) (4)A woman in the street saw that he was in trouble and came to his aid. 街上的一位女士看到他遇到了麻烦，就过去帮他。(情节描写) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译 ①The moment he saw the poor little boy on TV, he determined to aid him in continuing (continue) his study. ②在李老师的帮助下，我们班所有的人都取得了很大的进步。 With the aid of Mr Li, all of us in our class have made great progress. ③他们帮助我适应了新的环境。 They aided me to adjust myself to the new surroundings. ＝They aided me in adjusting myself to the new surroundings. ＝With the aid of them, I adjusted myself to the new surroundings. 7　rise to one's feet 站起身来 【知识归纳】 struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来 jump to one's feet 跳起来；一跃而起 set foot on/in 进入；踏上 stand on one's own feet 自立；独立 【语境运用】用foot的相关短语填空/完成句子 ①His lyrics (歌词) can make a listener jump to his feet or sit in a corner and cry. ②American Neil Armstrong became the first man to set foot on/in the moon. ③I found an old man fell into a pool, but quickly he struggled to his feet． ④既然你已经长大成人，就得学会独立生活。 Now that you have grown up, you must learn to stand on your own feet. 8　not ... but ... 不是……而是…… 【知识归纳】 (1)not ... but ... 连接两个并列的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则”，即与邻近的主语保持一致。 (2)与not ... but ... 用法类似，同样遵循“就近原则”的结构还有： either ... or ... 或者……或者…… neither ... nor ... 既不……也不…… not only ... but (also) ... 不但……而且…… 【语境运用】单句语法填空/句式升级/完成句子 ①By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer; in his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page turner. ②As for the environmental protection, not what we say but what we do makes a difference. →As for the environmental protection, it is not what we say but what we do that makes a difference. (强调句型) ③现在不仅学生们，而且他们的老师也在欣赏这部电影。 Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film now. Ⅲ 语基过关检测 维度一　单句语法填空 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build (build) a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances. 2．(2024·浙江省绍兴市高三模拟预测)Many chose not to return, finding better paid employment elsewhere, leaving hoteliers facing a desperate shortage (short). 3．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)It's something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. 4．(2024·九省联考)Running is a high­impact activity which can be really (real) hard on your body. 5．(译林B1­U1)Class discussion is very important in the UK, but I could not make a great contribution (contribute) because sometimes I wasn't able to express myself clearly in English. 6．(2024·江苏省南通市如皋市高三调研)Sleep deprivation also raises the risk of daytime sleepiness, which can harm productivity and academic achievement (achieve) while increasing the risks of sleeping driving. 7．This could make your superiors hesitate to trust (trust) you with major responsibilities. 8．Somehow we managed to raise her to her feet. 9．(人教B2­U5)Though he was affected by gradual blindness soon after the performance, Henry was still capable of writing compositions and he found that creating music was a relief (relieve) and cure for his illness. 10．(2024·湖南师范大学附属中学高三质量检测)He also gave some cash to the family for the girl's treatment (treat) to help her recovery. 维度二　语篇练习 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 During dinner I discussed my major with my parents, but still couldn't make up my mind. When Mom saw me ①hesitate to make a decision (犹豫不决), she patted me on my shoulder, her smile encouraging me to do more research. Later that evening, ②with the aid/assistance of the Internet (在互联网的帮助下), I found a variety of choices. But what I wanted was a profession that could ③make a difference (有影响) to people's lives. The inspiration came unexpectedly with the CCTV News yesterday. ④Upon/On seeing (一看到) “Role Models of Our Time” appear on the screen, I was awed. I realized my life's mission—relieving pain and saving lives. And to pursue this call, I decided to ⑤major in (主修) medical science. Mom and Dad were also happy that I had found the compass for my future life. Determined to become a healthcare worker, I'll try my best to serve the society. Ⅳ 读写用·素养提升 维度一　一词多义/熟词生义 (一)根据语境选出加黑词relief的词性和含义 A．n. 救济　B．n. (恐惧、忧虑或痛苦过后的)轻松；宽慰，宽心　C．n. 减轻，缓解 1．To make matters worse, Moth was diagnosed with a serious disease. There was no cure, only pain relief. 2．When he heard he had passed the examination, he smiled in relief. 3．Relief agencies are stepping up efforts to provide food, shelter, and agricultural equipment. 答案：1.C　2.B　3.A (二)根据语境选出加黑词fund 的词性和含义 A．v. 为……提供资金，资助　B．n. 专项资金　C．n. 储备；(相当)数量 1．As a qualified physical trainer, you have to possess a fund of knowledge including healthy diet and scientific train methods. 2．It is a scholarship fund for undergraduate engineering students. 3．The project is jointly funded by several local companies. 答案：1.C　2.B　3.A 维度二　构词法 (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. 合成词：ob－ 朝前，向前＋tain 保留，持有→向前持有；obtain意为获得，得到。 维度三　长难句分析 (2023·北京高考)After successfully completing the 4­Week Learning Sprint, you will need to submit a plan for a sport­based project, which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young Leader. 一划主干：you will need to submit a plan。 二括修饰：After successfully completing ... Learning Sprint是介词短语作状语；which引导非限制性定语从句，从句中含有if 引导的条件状语从句，并省略了主语和be动词。 三会意：在成功完成为期4周的冲刺学习后，您需要提交一份以体育为基础的项目计划，如果被选为国际奥委会青年领袖，您将参与其中。 维度四　写作提能 完成句子/同义句转换/一句多译 1．把这些事情做好有助于增强我们的自信，并帮助我们迎接未来更大的挑战。 Doing these matters well contributes to building up our confidence and helping us meet bigger challenges in the future. 2．汤姆早上起床很困难，他总是上班迟到。(trouble) Tom had much trouble getting up in the morning and was always late for work. 3．Most students hold the view that it's convenient to go to school by electric bike. →The majority of the students hold the view that it's convenient to go to school by electric bike. 4．一到达山顶，我们就被美丽的风景深深吸引住了。 As soon as/The moment/The instant/Immediately we arrived at the top of the hill, we were deeply attracted by the beautiful scenery.(复合句) ＝Upon/On arriving at the top of the hill, we were deeply attracted by the beautiful scenery. (简单句) 5．最终帮助他们解决了困难是多么令人欣慰的事啊！(报道) It is a relief to help them out of trouble finally. (it作形式主语) ＝What a relief it is to help them out of trouble finally! (感叹句) 课时作业 Ⅰ.阅读 A (2023·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三二模)Known on social media as The Sioux Chef, Sean Sherman grew up on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. He is reconnecting the locals of North America with native flavors and ingredients, and working to inspire a generation of indigenous (本土的) chefs to reclaim their cooking past. Pine Ridge in South Dakota contains some of the poorest communities in the country, and it's out of that environment that Sherman got his first job in the restaurant industry as a dishwasher at a local steakhouse. As he developed a love of cooking, which saw him move to Minneapolis to study Japanese and French cuisines, Sherman realized he didn't know indigenous recipes. “What were my Lakota ancestors eating and storing away? How were they getting oils, salts and fats and things like that？” Sherman remembered asking himself in an interview on PBS NewsHour. “So it took me quite a few years of just researching, but it really became a passion.” 　These years of researching, talking to elders, and consulting written material helped him produce The Sioux Chefs Indigenous Kitchen, which in 2018 won Sherman the James Beard Award for Best American Cookbook. After publishing the book, Sherman opened his restaurant, Owamni, in Minneapolis and created the North American Traditional Indigenous Food Systems (NATIFS). It is a professional indigenous kitchen and training center that seeks to create an educational space for native chefs to be trained and develop their skills, and reconnect with their cooking heritage. 　“Part of our challenge to ourselves was to cut out ingredients that are not native so we stopped using dairy, wheat flour and cane sugar，” he said. He cooks with local ingredients. His choices of meats are the same as those hunted by his ancestors—deer, fish, and birds. 　“For indigenous people who went through very strong assimilation (同化现象), we lost a lot of our food culture，” Sherman said. “But we're at a point now where we can reclaim it and develop it for the next generation. To be able to share culture through food will be really healing.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Sean Sherman (肖恩·谢尔曼)致力于重新确定本土菜肴的地位，并且鼓励更多的人成为本土厨师，以对抗现如今世界各地菜肴的严重同化。 1．What did Sherman realize when he was in Minneapolis? A．He didn't have enough cooking passion. B．He should spend a few years researching cooking. C．He should write a book about the indigenous recipes. D．He didn't know his Lakota ancestors' cooking ways and ingredients. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As he developed a love of cooking ... indigenous recipes.(随着他对烹饪的热爱，他搬到明尼阿波利斯学习日本和法国菜，谢尔曼意识到他不了解本土食谱。)”和第三段中的“What were my Lakota ancestors eating and storing away？(我的拉科塔祖先吃了什么，储存了什么？)”可知，Sherman在明尼阿波利斯的时候意识到了他不知道他的拉科塔祖先的烹饪方法和配料。故选D。 2．Sherman set up the NATIFS center to ． A．make money and open his own restaurant B．build an educational space for local children C．train and help local chefs to cook local food D．teach native chefs the most superb cooking skills 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第五段可知，Sherman在明尼阿波利斯开了自己的餐馆Owamni，并创建了北美传统土著食品系统(NATIFS)。这是一个专业的土著厨房和培训中心，旨在为土著厨师提供培训和发展技能的教育空间，并与他们的烹饪传统重新建立联系。故选C。 3．What is a problem for his native cooking culture according to Sherman? A．Very strong assimilation. B．Its high speed of evolution. C．Too much meat in the diet. D．Indigenous recipes that can't be shared. 答案：A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“‘For indigenous people ... Sherman said.(‘对于那些经历了强烈同化的土著人来说，我们失去了很多自己的饮食文化，’谢尔曼说。)”可知，Sherman认为本土烹饪文化的最大问题就是被同化得太严重，失去了很多祖先的饮食文化。故选A。 4．Which is the best title for the passage? A．Local recipes: chefs trained B．Local recipes: fame achieved C．Local recipes: restaurants refreshed D．Local recipes: food culture preserved 答案：D　标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文是围绕Sean Sherman对保护本土餐饮文化所做的努力展开的。由此可知，D项(地方食谱：保护饮食文化)最适合作为文章标题。故选D。 B (2024·河北省石家庄市部分名校高三大联考)In 2000, Andréa Speranza achieved her dream of becoming a firefighter joining the Halifax Regional Fire Service. Her job was exactly as satisfying as she imagined it would be, except for one thing: she still hadn't seen another woman in her role—not in a magazine, not on television, not in real life. Even today, less than five percent of firefighters in Canada are women. Speranza decided that she wanted to help young women see that they, too, could have a career like hers. The result is Camp Courage, a program for girls aged 15 to 19 who want to learn more about firefighting. In 2006, Speranza and about 20 volunteers welcomed their first 17 participants, recruiting (招募) attendees through advertising in schools and recreation centers. Over the course of eight days, the girls discovered the ins and outs of being first responders: learning how to put out fires, deliver first aid and even use the jaws of life (救生钳) on a car. 　Camp Courage now runs one session every year in Halifax and is free to attend. To offset costs, Speranza and her fellow campers fundraise by holding everything from car washes to comedy nights. Hopeful campers must also submit an essay describing how they plan to help their community, or a specific individual in need. And they have to deliver on the plan—from building a bench (长椅) for a senior at a bus stop to launching a local chapter of the Kids Help Phone. Hundreds of girls have passed through Camp Courage, and 36 percent are doing exactly what 52­year­old Speranza hoped they would: working as first responders across the country. This past summer, the camp held its first session for young women in Halifax, as well as its first national camp in Calgary with plans to roll out more. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Andréa Speranza (安德里亚·斯佩兰萨)是一名女性消防员，多年来她一直致力于鼓励其他年轻女性像她一样成为消防员。 5．What was probably Speranza's wish in 2001? A．To see more female firefighters. B．To make contact with more teenage girls. C．To be recruited to the Halifax Regional Fire Service. D．To work part­time in schools and recreation centers. 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第一段首句“In 2000, Andréa Speranza ... the Halifax Regional Fire Service.”可知，Andréa Speranza实现了成为一名消防员的梦想；再根据第一段中的“Speranza decided that ... a career like hers.(斯佩兰萨决定，她想帮助年轻女性看到，她们也可以拥有像她一样的事业。)”可知，Speranza希望看到更多的女孩能够像她一样成为消防员。故选A。 6．What does the underlined part “ins and outs” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Risks. B．Chances. C．Details. D．Purposes. 答案：C　词义猜测题。根据第二段末句“Over the course of eight days ... the jaws of life (救生钳) on a car.”可知，女孩们在这八天里学习如何灭火、提供急救，甚至是使用救生钳这些作为急救人员需要掌握的详细内容。因此，画线部分意为“详细内容”。故选C。 7．What can be inferred about Camp Courage? A．It is a nonprofit international organization. B．It teaches the value of being helpful to others. C．It requires its campers to write an essay every week. D．It introduces boys and girls to the emergency services. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“Hopeful campers ... the Kids Help Phone.(有希望的露营者还必须提交一篇文章，描述他们计划如何帮助他们的社区，或有需要的特定个人。他们必须实现这个计划——从在公交车站为一位老人建一张长椅，到在当地成立一个Kids Help Phone分会。)”可推知，Camp Courage这一机构向人们传递乐于助人的价值观。故选B。 8．What can we say about Speranza? A．She had a burning ambition to play comedy. B．She used to be reserved and disciplined. C．She is intellectual and scholarly. D．She is brave and inspiring. 答案：D　推理判断题。通读全文可知，Speranza是一名女性消防员，由此可推知，她非常勇敢；另外，她还通过Camp Courage这一机构来鼓励其他年轻女性成为消防员，由此可推知，她也是一位鼓舞人心的消防员。故选D。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·江苏省南通市海门区高三第一次调研考试)Recently I read an article “We All Need Self­Reflection” and it made me think that I need to self­reflect more and take a break from life. 1 . For example, after I graduated from college, I took some time to self­reflect on the past four years of my college career. Drinking my favorite coffee, I looked back at each moment and thought about how I felt during those years. I had a mixture of emotions. Sometimes, I wish I did more in terms of extracurricular activities or internships (实习期) or I wish I socialized and partied more. 2 . But I can't change the past. Self­reflecting on the past is a lesson for me to better prepare for the future. Even though it can help me better prepare for the future, self­reflecting itself can be both good and bad for me. 3 . When I reflect on things that haven't been proud of from the past, I think about them a lot. However, as I mentioned above, I can't change the past. 4 ， like getting my first internship or choreographing (编舞) my first dance by myself. I figure that I need to do that more. Everyone needs to get away from the current reality for a bit, relax and self­reflect. 5 . Self­reflecting can bring peace of mind and make us proud. It did for me. A．Life is too short and time passes quickly B．I know I haven't done enough self­reflection C．So I persuade myself to reflect on the good things in life D．I reflect on what could have been if I made different decisions E．I tend to overthink a lot, which is a habit I'm still trying to break F．We all need to take some time to self­reflect on the good of our experiences G．The only times that I self­reflect in my life are when big life events happen to me 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。最近作者读了一篇文章《我们都需要自我反省》，它让作者觉得自己需要更多地自我反省，从生活中休息一下。 1．G　根据下文“For example ... of my college career.”及常识可知，大学毕业属于人生中的一件大事。由此可知，G项(在我的生活中，只有在发生重大事件的时候，我才会自我反省)引出下文。故选G。 2．D　上文“Sometimes, I wish ... socialized and partied more.”提到，有时作者希望在课外活动或实习方面做得更多，或者参加更多的社交活动和聚会。D项(我思考如果我做出不同的决定会是什么样子)承接上文，同时与下文“But I can't change the past.”形成转折关系。故选D。 3．E　下文“When I reflect on things that haven't been proud of from the past, I think about them a lot.”提到，有时候，作者会过度反省。E项(我倾向于过度思考，这是一个我仍在努力打破的习惯)引出下文。故选E。 4．C　下文“like getting my first internship or choreographing (编舞) my first dance by myself”在列举生活中美好的事情。C项(所以我说服自己去反思生活中的美好事物)衔接下文。故选C。 5．F　根据上文“Everyone needs to get away from the current reality for a bit, relax and self­reflect.(每个人都需要暂时离开当前的现实、放松和自我反省。)”及下文“Self­reflecting can bring peace of mind and make us proud.(自我反省可以带来内心的平静，让我们感到自豪。)”可知，F项(我们都需要花一些时间来反思我们经历的好处)承上启下。故选F。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·甘肃省白银市靖远县一中、四中高三联考)The advancement of technology has led to the development of AI. AI systems are now capable of performing many tasks, such as recognizing speech, understanding natural language, and even diagnosing medical conditions. However, 1 rise of AI has also raised a series of ethical concerns. One of the primary concerns is the potential for AI systems to show existing biases. AI systems are often trained on large datasets 2 (collect) from human­generated content, 3 may contain biases based on race, gender, or other factors. If these biases fail 4 (address) during the development process, they can be hidden in AI systems and lead to unfair outcomes. Another major concern is the impact of AI on 5 (employ). As AI systems become more advanced, they may replace human workers in certain industries, 6 (result) in job losses. To handle these effects, governments and organizations must invest in education and retraining programs to ensure that workers can adapt 7 the changing job market. Privacy is also a critical issue, as AI systems often rely on large amounts of personal data to function 8 (effective). Ensuring the protection of this data and users' privacy 9 (be) essential. The development and use of AI present both opportunities and challenges. To ensure a 10 (benefit) and ethical future with AI, it is crucial to address these concerns. 1． 　2. 　3. 　4. 5． 　6. 　7. 　8. 9． 　10. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能的发展引发的一系列伦理问题。 1．the　考查冠词。句意：然而，人工智能的崛起也引发了一系列伦理问题。此处特指“人工智能的崛起”，应用定冠词。故填the。 2．collected　考查非谓语动词。此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词datasets，逻辑主语datasets和collect之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填collected。 3．which　考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是content，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 4．to be addressed　考查非谓语动词。fail to do sth意为“未能做某事”，address和these biases之间是被动关系，应用不定式的被动语态。故填to be addressed。 5．employment　考查词性转换。此处应用名词作介词on的宾语，employment意为“就业”，为不可数名词。故填employment。 6．resulting　考查非谓语动词。句意：随着人工智能系统变得越来越先进，它们可能会取代某些行业的人类员工，导致失业。此处应用非谓语动词作状语，result和逻辑主语they之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填resulting。 7．to　考查介词。句意：为了应对这些影响，政府和组织必须投资于教育和再培训计划，以确保工人能够适应不断变化的就业市场。adapt to意为“适应”。故填to。 8．effectively　考查词性转换。设空处应用副词修饰动词function。故填effectively。 9．is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句子的主语为“Ensuring the protection of this data and users' privacy”，动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数，叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故填is。 10．beneficial　考查词性转换。设空处应用形容词修饰名词future。故填beneficial。 一　词汇过关测＋练 1．compass：com­一起，共同；pass经过，穿越→一起穿越，引申词义：指南针，罗盘 2．injure：in­不，相反的；jur 法律，公正→不公正的，引申词义：使受伤，弄伤 3．extraordinary：extra­外部；超出；ordinary普通的，平常的→超出普通的，引申词义：非凡的，出色的 4．account：ac­去；count计算，讲故事→去计算，去讲故事，引申词义：记述，描述 5．procedure：pro­向前；cedure前往→向前进，引申词义：程序，步骤，手续 1．battery n. 电池 2．stuff n. 东西，物品 3．chemist n. 化学家 4．procedure n. 程序，步骤，手续 5．metal n. 金属 6．gravity n. 重力，引力 7．press v. 按 8．passive adj. 被动的 9．theory n. 学说，理论 10．cure n. 药剂；疗法 11．experiment n. (科学)实验 12．entirely adv. 完全地，彻底地 13．account n. 记述，描述 14．shoot v. 射出(光线等)，放射 15．flash n. 闪光 16．beyond prep. 无法…… 17．instance n. 例子，实例 18．lightning n. 闪电 19．draft n. 起草，草拟 20．species n. 物种 1.(2023·全国乙卷)Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. 2．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed (按) by hand rather than rolled. 3．(2023·全国乙卷)When we consider contact between literate and non­literate societies such as these, all our first­hand accounts (描述) are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. 4．(2024·江苏省南京市中华中学高三阶段检测)We have found, for instance (实例), that showing people images of their older, grayer selves increases intentions to save for the long term. 5．(2024·福建省三明市等5地高三一模)It could be that a good dose of nature acts as a cure (疗法) to information overload. 6．(2024·贵州省贵阳市高三考试)The only “fix”， the researchers found, was putting the device in a different room entirely (完全地)． 7．(2024·重庆市高三一模)Karelian puppies undergo a series of procedures (步骤) where trainers teach them the right behaviours and evaluate their personality and how they react. 8．(2024·江苏省盐城市盐城建湖二中等联考高三月考)We set off for another morning inching through the sand; another day of changing landscapes and raw, wild beauty; another night lit by shooting (射出) stars. 1．capable adj. 有能力的→capably adv. 能干地→capability n. 能力；才能 2．virtual adj. 虚拟的，模拟的→virtually adv. 事实上；实际上 3．significant adj. 重要的，影响深远的→significantly adv. 重要地，影响深远地→significance n. 重要性，意义 4．injure v. 使受伤，弄伤→injury n. 伤害；损伤；受伤处→injured adj. 受伤的；有伤的 5．flexible adj. 易弯曲的；柔韧的；有弹性的→flexibility n. 柔韧性；灵活性；弹性；适应性 6．accurate adj. 精确的→accurately adv. 准确地；精确地；如实地→accuracy n. 准确(性)；精确(程度) 7．declaration n. 声明，宣告→declare v. 宣布，声明；断言→declared adj. 公然的；公开宣布的 8．desire n. 渴望，欲望→desirable adj. 令人向往的，渴望的 9．origin n. 起源，起因→original adj. 最初的，独创的，原作的→originally adv. 原来；起初→originate v. 起源，发源，发端于 10．compute v. 计算→computation n. 计算，估计→computer n. 计算机 11．brilliant adj. 聪颖的，才华横溢的→brilliantly adv. 灿烂地；辉煌地；光亮地→brilliance n. 光辉；才华；宏伟 12．attach v. 系，绑；贴→attached adj. 附加的；依恋的，充满爱心的→attachment n. 附件；依恋；连接物 13．mental adj. 精神的；精神健康的→mentally adv. 精神上；智力上；思想上 14．minor adj. 小的→minority n. 少数的；少数人；属于少数派的 15．scientific adj. 科学(上)的→science n. 科学→scientist n. 科学家 16．conduct v. 传导(热、电)；组织；实施→conduction n. (热或电等能量的)传导→conductive adj. 传导的→conductor n. 导体；指挥 17．extraordinary adj. 非凡的，出色的→extraordinarily adv. 非常；格外地；非凡地 18．fiction n. 虚构的事，想象的事→fictional adj. 虚构的，小说的 19．proof n. 证明，证据→prove v. 证明；证实 20．theory n. 学说，理论→theoretical adj. 理论上的→theoretically adv. 理论地；理论上 1.The flexibility of distance learning would be particularly suited to those managers with flexible time. (flexible) 2．The young lady is capable of adaptation when compelled to do so and no one ever questioned her capability. (capable) 3．She desires to have a good time in the desirable summer holiday. (desire) 4．The boy was injured in the match and a doctor rushed to deal with his injury. (injure) 5．I don't know the accurate number of it so you'd better count it accurately and make sure the accuracy of it. (accurate) 6．The original research was about the origin of a kind of endangered animal. (origin) 7．Yesterday our chemistry teacher conducted an experiment on wood to see whether it was conductive and after the experiment we drew a conclusion that wood was a poor conductor of heat. (conduct) 8．The scientist was interested in science when he was young and he was fond of doing scientific research. (science) 1　stream [熟义]　n. 小河，小溪；(车或人)流 [生义]　v. 流，流动；照射，照亮 ①By this time, tears were streaming down her face. 这时，眼泪从她的脸上流了下来。 ②When I raised the curtains, daylight streamed into the room. 我拉开窗帘时，阳光照进房间。 2　draft [熟义]　v. 起草，草拟 [生义]　v. 征兵；选派 ①During the Second World War, he was drafted into the US Army. 第二次世界大战期间，他应征加入美国陆军。 ②She hoped that Fox could be drafted to run the organization. 她希望福克斯能够被选派来掌管这个组织。 小积累 1.后缀­ation高频名词集锦 ①declaration 声明，宣告 ②consideration 考虑 ③celebration 庆祝；庆典 ④appreciation 欣赏；感激 ⑤organization 组织；团体；机构 2．“……学家”集合 ①scientist 科学家 ②chemist 化学家 ③psychologist 心理学家 ④astronomer 天文学家 ⑤biologist 生物学家 ⑥physicist 物理学家 3．人的特点的差异化 ①brilliant聪颖的，才华横溢的 ②capable有能力的 ③extraordinary非凡的，出色的 ④creative有创造性的 ⑤famous著名的 二　语块过关测＋练 1．come up with 想出，提出 2．virtual reality 虚拟现实 3．wearable tech 可穿戴技术 4．die from 死于(某种原因，不包括疾病、过度悲伤等) 5．thanks to 幸亏，由于 6．in terms of 就……而言 7．be capable of 有能力；足以胜任…… 8．lead to 导致；通向…… 9．in addition 除此之外，另外 10．never say never 别轻易说决不；永不言弃 11．(be) attached to 依恋；依附；被拴在，被系在 12．instead of 代替，而不是 1.(2024·广东省七校联合体高三第一次联考)Full sensory virtual reality could even place the viewer inside the tennis player's shoes in real time. 2．(2023·全国甲卷)Different from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. 3．(2024·湖北省武汉市硚口区高三质量检测) “We have come up with a dish of fresh tea buds fried with eggs，” she said. 4．(人教XB2­U5)As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. 5．(2024·湘豫名校联考高三考试)To detect the parts operated by the human, the system used AprilTags, similar to QR codes, attached to the parts. 6．(2024·江苏省常熟市高三阶段性检测)In addition, homework gives students a chance to learn from their mistakes and overcome their weakness. 三　句式迁移练 1．It suggests that ... 这表明…… 【迁移创新】The boss suggested holding a meeting and it suggested that he was interested in our plan. 老板建议开个会，这表明他对我们的计划很感兴趣。 2．find＋宾语＋宾补 【迁移创新】When I applied to language school, I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my desired learning direction. 当我申请语言学院时，我发现了三个有希望让我遵循我想要的学习方向的项目。 3．强调句型 【迁移创新】It was some people and things in ancient times that we talked about． 我们谈论的是古代的一些人和事。 Ⅰ 忆课文·语篇理解 According to Dr Richard Fairhurst, whose new book The New Age of Invention has just been published, there have been 1 (gold) ages of invention throughout history. Think of the four great inventions in Ancient China: gunpowder, paper making, 2 (print) and the compass. These things 3 (change) the world forever. Then there were the great Western inventions: the steam engine, the telephone and the radio. And now, most of the new great inventions are tech­based. For example, 4 (wear) tech, as well as the flexible battery, mean we should soon be seeing 5 (far) developments. In addition, important advances have been made in medicine and 6 (environment) science thanks to increasing computer power. New inventions 7 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts. In terms of the environment, 8 is now possible to create an intelligent walking house. Dr Richard Fairhurst, an 9 (invent) himself，holds the view that most inventions start with recognising a problem 10 needs a solution. But the real spirit of invention is that we have an incredible desire to think and create. 1． 　2. 　3. 　4. 　5. 　6. 　7. 　8. 9． 　10. 答案：1.golden　2.printing　3.changed　4.wearable　5.further　6.environmental　7.like　8.it　9.inventor　10.that/which It's said that Benjamin Franklin once carried out a famous experiment to prove that lightning was 1 form of electricity. He raised a kite with a piece of string tied to it and a metal key 2 (attach) to the string. When a flash of lightning hit the kite, Franklin got an electric shock by 3 (touch) the key. For many years, schools 4 (teach) the story of the experiment. More than one generation of school children has been amazed by his 5 (brave) and his scientific approach to looking for the truth. However, new research suggests that the story may be fiction instead of fact 6 scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key, he would certainly have died 7 the electric shock. 8 (admitted), fiction is often 9 (interesting) than the truth. But in science, facts should be proved by experiments and research, and 10 great a story is, we should not always believe everything we read or hear. 1． 　2. 　3. 　4. 　5. 　6. 　7. 　8. 9． 　10. 答案：1.a　2.was attached　3.touching　4.have taught　5.bravery　6.because　7.from　8.Admittedly　9．more interesting　10.however Ⅱ 学思悟·重点突破 1　 press v. 按；压，推；催促；将……塞进；坚持　n. 报纸，报刊；新闻记者；出版社 (☞pressure n. 压力，压强) 【知识归纳】 (1)press ahead/on 坚定地继续；继续前进 press for sth 迫切需要某物 press sb to do/into doing sth 催促某人做某事 (2)under pressure 承受 put pressure on sb 向某人施压 【语用点拨】 (1)press a button/switch/key 按下按钮/开关/按键(动作描写) (2)Despite meeting many obstacles, they press ahead with their task. 尽管遇到了许多困难，但他们还是坚定地继续进行他们的任务。(人物描写) (3)press for solution迫切需要解决(建议表述) (4)press us to make/into making a quick decision催促我们尽快作出决定(人物描写) (5)We admired his calmness under pressure. 我们佩服他在压力下的镇静。(个人感受) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/同义句转换/完成句子 ①The company is pressing ahead/on with its plans for a new warehouse. ②They felt this would put intolerable pressure on them. ③When we're at home, she keeps pressing me to study all the time. →When we're at home, she keeps pressing me into studying all the time. ④政府正在敦促尽早解决这一争端。 The government is pressing for an early resolution of the dispute. 2　 shoot v. 射出(光线等)，放射；拍摄；投篮，射门；疾驰；打猎　n. 幼苗，嫩芽 【知识归纳】 shoot sb/sth 打死/伤某人/物(强调结果) shoot at 朝……射击(强调动作，未必击中) shoot up 快速成长；激增；迅速上升 shoot oneself in the foot 搬起石头砸自己的脚 【语用点拨】 (1)As the birds rise, the hunters shoot at them. 当鸟儿飞起时，猎人们会朝它们射击。(动作描写) (2)go shooting 去打猎(动作描写) (3)Flames were shooting up through the roof. 火不断从房顶蹿上来。(环境描写) (4)They used to fish in the summer and shoot in the winter. 他们过去常常在夏天捕鱼，在冬天打猎。(动作描写) 【名师点津】shoot作为动词时，其过去式和过去分词都是shot。 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He soon found a huge bear, shot at it but only wounded it. ②Tom shot up in height during his teenager years, and now he is the tallest in the office. ③你不仅会搬起石头砸自己的脚，而且可能会让一个非常好的员工或合作伙伴无法有效地工作。 You will succeed in not only shooting yourself in the foot, but possibly making a very good employee or partner unable to perform effectively. 3　 desire n. 渴望，欲望　vt. 渴望，欲望；期望(☞desirable adj. 令人向往的，渴望的☞desired adj. 期望得到的；希望实现的) 【知识归纳】 (1)a desire to do sth 渴望做某事 a desire for sth 渴望得到某物 (2)desire (sb) to do sth 渴望(某人)做某事 desire that ... 渴望……(从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略) 【语用点拨】 (1)I have a strong desire to help and care for people. 我有一种帮助和关心别人的强烈愿望。(个人感受) (2)Everyone has a desire for success. 每个人都渴望成功。(演讲稿) (3)regain their desire for life 重获对生活的渴望(个人感受) (4)It is our desire that every effort (should) be made to protect the surroundings in our school. 我们希望尽一切努力保护我们学校的环境。(倡议书) (5)create the desired effect 带来预期的效果(活动影响) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①If you desire to challenge (challenge) yourself, there is nothing to do with others' thoughts. ②His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make (make) a difference in the world. ③Sometimes a strong desire for others' attention might indicate a lack of self­confidence. ④我们希望能立刻救援那些被洪水围困的当地村民们。 We desire that immediate help (should) be sent to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood. 4　 significant adj. 重要的，影响深远的；显著的(☞significantly adv. 重要地，影响深远地；显著地 ☞significance n. 重要性，意义) 【知识归纳】 (1)be significant＝be of significance重要的 It is significant that ... ……很重要 (2)the significance of ... ……的重要性 【语用点拨】 (1)place significant value on 重视(个人感受) (2)have a significant impact on our daily lives 对我们的日常生活有重大影响(活动反响) (3)showcase the significance of 展示了……的重要性(活动反响) (4)Their relationship changed significantly beyond a teacher­student mode. 他们的关系发生了显著变化，超越了师生模式。(人物关系) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译 ①(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly (significant) more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. ②The new drug has great significance (significant) for the treatment of the disease. ③重要的是，现在纤维被认为是健康饮食的重要组成部分。 It is significant that nowadays fiber is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. ④和拥有相同兴趣爱好的人在一起是重要的。 Having people with shared­interests around you is significant． ＝Having people with shared­interests around you is of significance. 5　 injure v. 使受伤，弄伤 (☞injury n. 伤害；损伤；受伤处 ☞injured adj. 受伤的；有伤的) 【知识归纳】 (1)do sb an injury＝do an injury to sb 使某人受伤害 (2)the injured 伤员 【语用点拨】 (1)Three people were killed and five injured in the crash. 撞车事故中有三人死亡，五人受伤。(情景描写) (2)injure sb's health 损害某人的健康(活动影响) (3)overcome injury 战胜伤痛(情感描写) (4)tend to the injured 照料伤员(动作描写) (5)Ambulances rushed the injured to the hospital. 救护车迅速将伤员送往医院。(情景描写) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/同义句转换/完成句子 ①He was worried about the news that the injured were facing food shortage. ②Be careful with that heavy box, or you'll do yourself an injury. →Be careful with that heavy box, or you'll do an injury to yourself. ③这辆汽车在一辆客车旁边爆炸，造成至少8人死亡，数十人受伤。 The car went off next to a passenger bus, killing at least eight people and injuring dozens of others. (现在分词短语作状语) 6　 origin n. 起源，起因(☞original adj. 最初的，独创的，原作的☞originally adv. 原来；起初☞originate v. 起源，发源，发端于) 【知识归纳】 have one's origin(s) in＝originate from 起源于…… in origin 在来源上；在血统上 by origin 按照血统；按照起源；按照出生地 【语用点拨】 (1)the origins of life on earth地球上生命的起源(活动介绍) (2)Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to recall the soul of Qu Yuan. 传说端午节的起源是为了纪念屈原的灵魂。(传统文化) (3)Being well protected, the building still has its original features. 因受到良好的保护，该建筑仍然保持其原有的样貌。(建筑保护) (4)Tea originated in China over two thousand years ago. 茶起源于两千多年前的中国。(传统文化) 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2023·浙江高考1月)The term “hutong”， originally (origin) meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty. ②He was not English—he was a Frenchman by origin. ③Their medical problems are basically physical in origin. ④所有的理论都是源于实践。 All theories originate from practice. 7　in addition 除此之外，另外 【知识归纳】 (1)in addition 除此之外，另外(在句中单独作状语) (2)in addition to＝besides＝as well as＝apart from＝what's more＝moreover 除……之外，还有 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①In addition, we have two hours a week for writing essays and reports, two hours focusing on sharpening debating skills. ②另外，通过阅读经典的文学作品，我们还可以学习到良好的故事结构和叙事技巧。 In addition/Moreover/Besides/What's more, by reading classic literary works, we can also learn good story structure and narrative skills. 8　find＋宾语＋宾语补足语 【知识归纳】 (2)find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do ... 结构中，it是形式宾语，to do ... 是真正的宾语。 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He found the patient to be (be) a small boy. ②(2024·九省联考)Hilda then swam across the tank following Maya's path and emerged from the water to find Katherine removing (remove) her scuba gear. ③You will certainly find the art exhibition very enjoyable (enjoy) and fall in love with the art. ④他醒来时，发现自己被锁在房间里。 When he came to himself, he found himself locked in the room. ⑤他觉得定不下心来学习。 He found it hard to settle to his study. Ⅲ 语基过关检测 维度一　单句语法填空 1．(2024·广东省七校联合体高三考试)Allow yourself the flexibility(flexible)to make some small changes to your goals. 2．(2024·浙江省普通高中尖子生深研模拟)I found myself exhausted at the end of February, both physically and mentally (mental). 3．(2024·江苏省新高考基地学校高三第三次大联考)Pillows have been used (use) in China for thousands of years and hold a significant place in Chinese culture. 4．(人教B3­U4)These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore (explore) the universe never died. 5．Developing a habit of playing team sports can reduce pressure (press) and keep fit. 6．(2023·北京高考)In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short­termism is now a significant (significance) problem in industrialised societies. 7．(北师XB1­U1)I'm way beyond a shy or reserved person, but I'm wired up every day, like most of my friends. 8．Many people expressed a strong preference for the original (origin) plan. 9．(译林B3­U2)Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured (injure) in the disaster area at large. 10．After the operation you may find it difficult to chew (chew) and swallow. 维度二　语篇练习 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 Robots and artificial intelligence are getting better every year. While we're probably still a few decades away from truly human­like AI, at present, the technology is so advanced that it is being used across a wide variety of professions, ①in term of (就……而言) a few fields you wouldn't expect. 　However, it seems that Japan wants to push us even closer to a world where robots replace humans in many jobs. A robot, called HRP­5P ②has been created (create) by the country's Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Institute, which can install drywall, as well as perform other tasks typically associated with contracting. Skilled manual laborers are always in demand, but Japan, in particular, may struggle to meet that demand in the future. As Tech Crunch points out, skilled contractors start to slow down as they age, eventually leaving the workplace through retirement or illness. ③Moreover (升级本单元词汇： In addition), Japan's birth rate is also one of the lowest out there. ④It suggests that (这表明) new manual workers are in short supply.If robots like HRP­5P become common, Japan could solve this problem ⑤entirely (完全地). Of course, for the time being，HRP­5P is quite slow, and while it gets the job done, the ⑥significant (significance) technology powering it will need improving quite a bit before it replaces human labor. Ⅳ 读写用·素养提升 维度一　一词多义/熟词生义 (一)根据语境选出加黑词shoot的词性和含义 A．v. 射击；发射　B．n. 幼苗，嫩芽　C．v. 拍摄，摄影 1．He'd love to shoot his film in Cuba. 2．This is just a toy gun—it doesn't shoot real bullets. 3．It is well­known that bamboo shoots are a panda's staple diet. 答案：1.C　2.A　3.B (二)根据语境选出加黑词stream的词性和含义 A．v. 流，流动　B．v. 照射，照亮　C．n. 小河，小溪　D．n. (车或人) 流 1．Sunlight was streaming into the courtyard. 2．There was a small stream at the end of the garden. 3．There was a stream of traffic behind him. 4．Blood was streaming from her head. 答案：1.B　2.C　3.D　4.A 维度二　构词法 (2023·河北省高三全过程纵向评价考试)For instance, at college you would break down your assignments into more manageable tasks. 合成词：in－ 进入＋st 站立＋－ance表示行为，过程——原指站在附近待命；instance意为例子，实例。 维度三　长难句分析 (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 一划主干：It might be the time。 二括修饰：三个when都引导定语从句，修饰time；after引导时间状语从句。 三会意：可能是你帮朋友做作业的时候，可能是你没有被要求就熨衣服的时候，也可能是你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。 维度四　写作提能 完成句子/词汇升级/句式升级 1．另外，我能够准确地计算算术，所以我是这份工作的最佳人选。(申请信) In addition/As well as/Moreover/What's more/Besides, I am able to compute accurately the arithmetic so I'm the perfect choice for the job. 2．他像一只挂在热砖上的猫，环顾四周，想找到一些有用的东西。(人物描写) Like a cat on hot bricks, he looked around to find something useful． 3．(2023·浙江高考1月)Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing.significant 4．It is agreed that Zhong Nanshan is a distinguished and competent doctor.capable 5．We have planted many trees on the hill in the last five years. →Many trees have been planted on the hill in the last five years.(现在完成时的被动语态) 课时作业 Ⅰ.阅读 A (2024·河南省名校高三阶段检测) Solar Panels While both solar panels and plant leaves harvest energy from the sun, a team at Princeton University took biomimicry (仿生学) in solar panels a step further by adding folds to solar cells. The folds look like the natural wrinkles found in leaves, channeling more light into the cell. The researchers claimed in 2015 that the leaf­like cells generated 47 percent more electricity than those without folds. Self­Cleaning Paint The surface of the lotus (莲) plant's leaves gets rid of dirt and water so well that this self­cleaning quality was named the “lotus effect” in 1977. In 1999, the German building company Sto released an outdoor paint called Lotusan. When dried, the paint's surface is similar to that of the lotus leaf to shed water and dirt off immediately. Bullet Trains 　The Shinkansen Bullet Train in Japan is known for its aerodynamic shape that decreases the amount of sound the train makes while entering and exiting tunnels at speeds of 150 to 200 mph. The trains were modeled on a bird that hunts fish by diving into bodies of water. The shape of the train also allows it to travel 10 percent faster with about 15 percent less electricity. Wetsuits Unlike whales, beavers (河狸) don't have layers of fat to keep them warm when they dive into icy water. Instead, their thick fur traps air among the individual hairs, keeping the mammals warm and dry. In 2016, a team of engineers at MIT sought to copy this quality in a wetsuit covered with rubber “hairs”， specifically designed for watersports athletes like surfers. Just like beavers, the athletes would be kept warm by air trapped on the outside of the suit. 篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个仿生学的发明。 1．Which item is a brainchild of a German company? A．Solar Panels. B．Self­Cleaning Paint. C．Bullet Trains. D．Wetsuits. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据Self­Cleaning Paint部分中的“In 1999, the German building company Sto ... water and dirt off immediately.”可知，这种具有自我清洁功能的外层涂料是由一家德国建筑公司发明的。故选B。 2．How does a wetsuit keep watersports athletes warm? A．By shedding water immediately. B．By thickening the layers of the suit. C．By adding special hairs to trap heat. D．By self­heating the outside of the suit. 答案：C　推理判断题。根据Wetsuits部分中的“In 2016 ... outside of the suit.(2016年，麻省理工学院的一个工程师团队试图复制这种品质，他们设计了一种覆盖着橡胶‘毛发’的潜水服，这种潜水服是专门为冲浪者等水上运动运动员设计的。就像海狸一样，运动员们将通过潜水服外面的被锁住的空气来保暖。)”可推知，这种潜水服通过特制的毛发锁住空气来蓄热。故选 C。 3．What do these inventions have in common? A．They are nature­inspired. B．They increase fuel efficiency. C．They are environmentally­friendly. D．They generate no economic returns. 答案：A　推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了人类利用仿生学发明的四件物品。由此可推知，这些发明的共同点是都是自然赋予人类灵感而被发明出来的。故选A。 B (2024·山西省临汾市高三考前适应性考试)A team from Newcastle University and Northumbria University in the UK has found that the thin, root－like threads produced by many fungi (真菌) can potentially be used as a biodegradable, wearable material that's also able to repair itself. In their tests, the researchers focused on the Ganoderma lucidum fungus, producing a skin from branching thin threads, which together weave into a structure called a mycelium (菌丝体). With a little more work, the fragile skins could serve as a substitute for leather, satisfying environmental and fashion tastes. “The results suggest that mycelium materials can survive in dry and unfavourable environments, and self－repairing is possible with minimal intervention after a two­day recovery period，” write the researchers in their published paper. However, the process used to produce these materials tends to kill off the fungal spores (孢子) hat help the organism regenerate itself. A new approach involving a mix of mycelia, proteins, and other nutrients in a liquid encouraged the growth of a skin. The results are currently too thin and delicate to be tuned into a jacket. However, the researchers are confident that it's possible that future innovations could turn it into a tougher skin, possibly by combining layers or plasticizing in glycerol. Crucially, the production process didn't kill off the fungal spores. Tests on the material showed that it was indeed able to replace holes made in it. The material was as strong as before, though it was still possible to see where the holes had been. “Due to their functional properties, the ability of this regenerative mycelium material to heal micro and macro defects opens interesting future prospects for unique product applications in leather－goods replacements such as furniture, automotive seals, and fashion wear，” write the searchers. There's a long way to go here before you'll be wearing clothes made out of fungus. The growing and healing processes take several days to happen at the moment for example, something which could be sped up over time. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究表明，由许多真菌产生的细长的根状线有可能被用作可生物降解的可穿戴材料，这种材料还能自我修复。但要穿上这种衣服还有很长的路要走。 4．What did the team find in their tests? A．An alternative to fragile skin. B．Thin threads shaped like roots. C．A mycelium with a complicated structure. D．Mycelium materials with self­healing function. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，研究小组在测试中发现了具有自愈功能的菌丝体材料。故选D。 5．What is mainly presented in Paragraph 3? A．The recovery period of fungal spores. B．Crises of mycelium materials' survival. C．Imperfection in producing mycelium materials. D．The method of intervening organisms' regeneration. 答案：C　段落大意题。根据第三段中的“However, the process ... the organism regenerate itself.(然而，用于生产这些材料的过程往往会杀死真菌孢子，从而帮助生物体自我再生。)”可知，本段主要介绍了菌丝体材料生产中的缺陷。故选C。 6．What can we learn about the new approach? A．It speeds up the creation of mycelia. B．It keeps fungal spores from destruction. C．It makes the holes in materials invisible. D．It combines the liquid with layers of skin. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Crucially, the production process didn't kill off the fungal spores.(关键是生产过程并没有杀死真菌孢子。)”可知，新方法可以防止真菌孢子被破坏。故选B。 7．What is the prospect of mycelium­based materials? A．A flash in the pan. B．Promising but challenging. C．Inspiring but unachievable. D．A growth and decline cycle. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，这种再生菌丝体材料治愈微观和宏观缺陷的能力为在家具、汽车密封件和时装等皮革制品替代品上的独特产品应用开辟了有趣的未来前景，但在穿上真菌做的衣服之前还有很长的路要走，由此可推知，菌丝体材料充满希望但富有挑战性。故选B。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·广东省汕头市金禧中学高三第一次阶段考试)Milo is a rescue dog, adopted by 20­year­old Makayla Swift. One morning in November 2021, Swift opened her front door in Silver Spring, Maryland, and Milo 1 running. Milo ran to the house across the street. He seemed unsatisfied with this house, so he ran to the one next door, Swift on his 2 ． “He started 3 on the front door，” Swift says. “I'm thinking, ‘Why is he literally trying to 4 the house？’” She was 5 . Not everyone wants a strange dog on their 6 . But as she tried to drag Milo away, she could hear a sound coming through an open upstairs window. It was a voice yelling “Help！” Hours earlier, around 4 am, Sherry Starr had 7 from her bed. “All of a sudden, standing there between the toilet and the bathtub, I 8 ，” she says. “I went down hard on the floor.” Starr is 85. “I could not move at all，” says Starr, who was stuck between the toilet and the bathtub. Starr was 9 . “I'm thinking: I'm just going to die here，” she says. Her best 10 ， she decided, was to listen for the letter carrier in the afternoon and scream at the top of her lungs. 　“Her voice was very 11 ，” says Swift. “You had to be right at the front door to hear Mrs Starr yell for 12 unless you were Milo who 13 heard Starr when I opened my own front door.” Swift called 911. The rescuers thought they'd have to remove the toilet, but they gave one last pull and out she popped. Though injured, Starr 14 a trip to the hospital. Swift has known her share of pain. Two years ago, her mother died. She says Milo has helped her with her grief. “That dog is a 15 ，” she says. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一只小狗听到对面邻居家微弱的呼救声，使摔倒在厕所的85岁的邻居得救的故事。 1．A.woke up B．took off C．caught up D．held back 答案：B　wake up 叫醒； take off 匆忙离去；突然离去； catch up 赶上；hold back 抑制。根据下文“Milo ran to the house across the street.”可知，小狗撒开腿跑开了。故选B。 2．A.head B．feet C．tail D．ear 答案：C　根据上文“so he ran to the one next door”可知，Swift (斯威夫特)紧紧跟随着小狗Milo (米洛)。on one's tail “紧紧跟随(某人)”。故选C。 3．A.scratching B．struggling C．opening D．pulling 答案：A　scratch 抓；struggle 努力；open 打开；pull 拉。根据下文“Why is he literally trying to 4 the house？”可知，Milo开始用爪子不停地挠前门。故选A。 4．A.break down B．settle down C．sign up D．break into 答案：D　break down 抛锚；settle down 定居；sign up 报名；break into 破门而入。根据上文“He started 3 on the front door”可知，Swift奇怪小狗Milo为什么试图破门而入。故选D。 5．A.disturbed B．embarrassed C．discouraged D．disappointed 答案：B　disturbed 被打扰的；embarrassed 尴尬的；discouraged 泄气的；disappointed 失望的。根据下文“Not everyone wants a strange dog on their 6 ．”可知，因为不是每个人都喜欢别人来到自己的房子前，所以她感到很尴尬。故选B。 6．A.own B．way C．property D．business 答案：C　own 自己的；way 方法；property 所有物；房产；business 生意。根据上文“He seemed unsatisfied with this house, so he ran to the one next door”可知，小狗Milo跑到了别人的房子前。故选C。 7．A.risen B．sprang C．raised D．jumped 答案：A　根据下文“All of a sudden, standing there between the toilet and the bathtub”可知，此处表示Sherry Starr (雪莉·斯塔尔)早上起床。故选A。 8．A.skipped B．crashed C．slipped D．wept 答案：C　skip 略过；crash 撞击；slip 滑倒；weep 哭泣。根据下文“‘I could not move at all，’ says Starr, who was stuck between the toilet and the bathtub.”可知，站在马桶和浴缸之间，Sherry Starr突然间滑倒了。故选C。 9．A.amazed B．hopeful C．angry D．scared 答案：D　根据下文“‘I'm thinking: I'm just going to die here，’ she says.”可知，她很害怕。故选D。 10．A.aim B．bet C．opinion D．point 答案：B　根据下文“she decided, was to listen for the letter carrier in the afternoon and scream at the top of her lungs”可知，她最好的办法就是等到下午送信的邮递员过来时，尽可能大声地喊救命。one's best bet意为“最好的办法”。故选B。 11．A.sweet B．deep C．faint D．familiar 答案：C　根据下文“You had to be right at the front door to hear Mrs Starr yell for 12 unless you were Milo who 13 heard Starr when I opened my own front door.”可知，老人家的声音很微弱，必须站在正门口才能听得到。故选C。 12．A.fun B．help C．practice D．sale 答案：B　此处指大声喊救命。故选B。 13．A.instantly B．confidently C．slightly D．merely 答案：A　instantly 立刻；confidently 自信地；slightly 轻微地；merely 仅仅。根据下文“when I opened my own front door”可知，Swift刚一打开门，小狗立刻就听到老人家的呼救声。故选A。 14．A.considered B．offered C．declined D．remembered 答案：C　consider 考虑；offer 提供；decline 拒绝；remember 记得。根据上文“Though injured”可知，尽管受伤了，但是老人家拒绝去医院。故选C。 15．A.lesson B．treat C．blessing D．pet 答案：C　lesson 教训；treat 对待；blessing 幸运的事情；pet 宠物。根据上文“Two years ago ... helped her with her grief.”可知，Swift的母亲两年前过世，小狗帮助她克服悲伤，对她而言，拥有这只小狗是一件幸运的事情。故选C。 一　词汇过关测＋练 1．broadcast：broad开阔的，广泛的；cast投掷，抛→广泛投掷，引申词义：广播节目，电视节目 2．battle：bat击，打；­le反复，连续→反复击打，引申词义：战斗，战役 3．portrait：por­同pro­向前；­trait特征，特性，特点→向前描绘某人的特征，引申词义：人物照片；肖像 4．exhibition：ex­向外；­hibit持有；­ion名词后缀→向外持有，引申词义：展出，展览 5．contemporary：con­共同，一起；­tempor时间；­ary……的，形容词后缀→同一时间的，同一时代的，引申词义：当代的 1．wine n. 葡萄酒 2．needle n. 缝衣针 3．load n. 某物的量 4．calligraphy n. 书法 5．vase n. 花瓶 6．selfie n. 自拍照 7．porcelain n. 瓷器 8．sponsor v. 资助 9．stair n. 楼梯 10．fond adj. 喜爱的 11．embroidery n. 刺绣图案，刺绣品 12．gallop v. (马)飞奔，疾驰 13．neighbourhood n. 社区，街坊 14．carve v. 刻(图形或字母) 15．cigarette n. 香烟 1.(2023·浙江高考1月)The large siheyuan of these high­ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often featured beautifully carved (刻) and painted roof beams and pillars (柱子). 2．(2024·河南省许平洛济四市高三第二次质量检测)This competition invites painting and calligraphy (书法) enthusiasts from all around the world to take part in this exciting event. 3．(译林XB2­U1)Some films are now sponsored (资助) by leading brands, so that only their products appear in the films, like the watches worn by the title character in the James Bond films. 4．(2024·浙江普通高中高三尖子生深研模拟)I know you are fond (喜爱的) of science and very creative. 5．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Jaramillo's students live in neighborhoods (社区) where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. 6．(2024·黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市普高联谊校高三期末)Trash isn't just trash, because you can create loads (某物的量) of things with it. 1．elegant adj. 高雅的，优美的→elegantly adv. 优美地；雅致地；高雅地→elegance n. 高雅，雅致 2．greet v. 问候，迎接，招呼→greeting n. 问候，迎接，招呼，致意 3．sculptor n. 雕刻家，雕塑家→sculpt v. 雕刻，雕塑→sculpture n. 雕像，雕刻品，雕塑作品 4．mostly adv. 大部分；主要地→most adj. 大多数的；最大程度的，最大数量的　adv. 最，非常，最高 5．demonstrate v. 示范，演示→demonstration n. 示范；证明；示威游行→demonstrative adj. 指示的，说明的→demonstrator n. 示威者 6．vividly adv. 生动地→vivid adj. 生动的；鲜明的；丰富的；鲜艳的 7．lack v. 没有，缺乏→lacking adj. 缺乏的；没有的；不足的 8．dirt n. 灰尘，尘土→dirty adj. 脏的；肮脏的；卑鄙的 9．stimulate v. 刺激，促使，促进→stimulation n. 刺激；激发，启发；促进→stimulating adj. 刺激的，有刺激性的 10．exhibition n. 展出，展览→exhibit v. 展览；展出　n. 展览品；(在法庭上出示的)证据 11．magnificent adj. 宏伟的，壮丽的→magnificently adv. 壮丽地，宏伟地；壮观地→magnificence n. 壮丽；宏伟；富丽堂皇 12．shade n. (色彩的)浓淡，深浅，色度；阴凉处→shady adj. 阴凉的，背阴的 13．sponsor v. 资助→sponsorship n. 赞助，赞助款；资助，倡议 14．bare v. 使暴露，露出　adj. 裸露的，光秃秃的；空的；最基本的→barely adv. 仅仅，勉强；几乎不 15．fold v. 折起→unfold v. 打开，展开 16．frequent adj. 经常发生的，频繁的→frequency n. 频繁；频率；发生率，出现率，重复率→frequently adv. 频繁地，经常 1.Tom's speech was greeted with a storm of applause and he nodded a greeting but didn't say anything. (greet) 2．The well­known sculptor is crazy about sculpting, and his sculptures are well­received. (sculptor) 3．It is announced that over 2，000 masterpieces of the painter will be exhibited in the exhibition. (exhibit) 4．The documentary film not only recorded the great battle vividly but also gave a vivid account of fighter pilots' life in the army. (vivid) 5．The drawing room was furnished with elegance and taste, whose owner was drawing a picture elegantly. (elegant) 6．The conference had stimulated him to study the subject in more depth, adding stimulation to it. (stimulate) 7．The table is very dirty so you should remove the dirt from the surface of the table. (dirt) 8．As a result of frequent smoking, the frequency of his asthma (哮喘) attack is increasing, and he coughs frequently. (frequent) 1　fold [熟义]　v. 折起 [生义]　v. 倒闭，停业 The club folded earlier this year. 该俱乐部今年早些时候倒闭了。 2　seal [熟义]　n. 印章，图章 [生义]　v. 封上，密封；确定；关闭，封锁 ①Make sure you've signed the cheque before sealing the envelope. 一定要在支票上签了名再封上信封。 ②They drank a glass of wine to seal their new friendship. 他们干了一杯，确定成为新朋友。 ③Troops have sealed the borders between the two countries. 军队已封锁了两国边界。 3　contemporary [熟义]　adj. 当代的 [生义]　n. 同代人，同辈人，同龄人 Like most of my contemporaries, I grew up in a vastly different world. 像大多数同龄人一样，我在一个非常不同的世界里长大。 4　shade [熟义]　n. 阴凉处；(色彩的)浓淡，深浅，色度 [生义]　n. 灯罩；(画的)阴影部分；差别，不同 v. 给……遮挡；涂暗，画阴影 ①The two candles were burning under their green shades in the study. 书房里的两根蜡烛在绿色的灯罩下燃烧着。 ②I'd like you to shade in all the triangles. 我希望你们在所有的三角形里都画上阴影。 ③She shaded her eyes against the sun. 她遮住眼睛避免阳光直射。 小积累 1.后缀­ition高频名词集锦 ①exhibition 展出，展览 ②condition 状况，状态 ③composition 成分，构成；作文 ④definition 定义，释义 ⑤addition 增加物，新增人员 2．“喜欢”家族 ①be fond of ... 喜欢…… ②be keen on喜欢……，热衷于…… ③like 喜欢 ④love 喜欢，热爱 ⑤enjoy 喜爱；欣赏；享受 ⑥prefer 更喜欢；喜欢……多于…… 3．事物特点的差异化 ①incredible adj. 不可思议的 ②strangely adv. 奇怪地 ③vividly adv. 生动地 ④fantastic adj. 极好的，奇异的 ⑤breathtaking adj. 令人惊叹的 二　语块过关测＋练 1．it's time to do sth 是做某事的时候了 2．be regarded as 被视为 3．find out 发现，查明 4．get a load of ... 注意，仔细看(常用于表示惊讶或羡慕) 5．move on 继续前进 6．in the shape of 呈……的形状 7．pay for 付钱 8．make an impression on 给……留下深刻印象 9．throw away 扔掉；错过；浪费 10．look up 向上看；查阅 11．put up 修建；搭建；张贴；为……提供膳宿 12．be fond of　喜欢 1.(2023·浙江高考1月)Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven't given much thought to what they put under them. 2．(2023·北京高考)Without the education I was throwing away, I'd turn to theft and go to prison. 3．Remember to look up at the stars and not down at your feet. 4．(2024·广东省湛江市第一中学高三质量检测)225 million meals have been delivered so far—connect with your local provider to find out how you can get involved. 5．Get a load of the news: our team has been awarded the prize for the team spirit. 6．(人教B2­U4)Yang Liwei, known as the first Chinese astronaut to go into space, is regarded as an astronautic hero. 三　句式迁移练 1．as if引导方式状语从句 【迁移创新】 I had a sensation of falling, as if in a dream. 我有一种坠落的感觉，像在梦中似的。 2．while引导的状语从句的省略 【迁移创新】They all bonded while writing graffiti together. 他们在一起涂鸦时相识。 3．the more ..., the more ... 越……，就越…… 【迁移创新】The more pesticides are used, the more resistant the insects become, so the more pesticides have to be used. 杀虫剂使用得越多，昆虫的抵抗力就越强，因此就要使用更多的杀虫剂。 Ⅰ 忆课文·语篇理解 Hello, everyone! I'll show you around the Louvre today through ou$$