必修第三册 UNIT 9 LEARNING-【金版教程】2025年高考英语一轮复习解决方案课件PPT（新教材，北师大版）

WELCOME UNIT 第一部分　教材过关 必修第三册　 UNIT 9 LEARNING 学生自主案 师生互动案 课时作业 目录 CONTENTS 1 2 ３ 写作限时练（3） 4 学生自主案 一　词汇过关测＋练 1．reflect　re­ 回；向后＋flect ________→(光线)向回弯曲；引申为__________________________ 2．partner　partn(＝part)部分；分开＋­er________后缀→一部分的人；引申为________________ 3．promote　pro­ 向前＋mot ________＋­e动词后缀→使向前运动；引申为________________ 4．publish　publ人＋­ish表示________→使公众化；引申为________________ 5．context　con­ ___________＋text编织→(内容)共同编织在一起的；引申为________________ 弯曲 仔细思考;表达(意见)；反映 名词 搭档，同伴 动 促进，增进 做 出版；发表；刊登 共同，一起 上下文;语境;背景 学生自主案 目录 单词检测 1．________ adj. 滑稽的，好笑的 2．odd adj. ________________ 3．geometry n. ________________ 4．________ n. 方法 5．________ adj. 灵活的，可变通的 6．________ adj. 外部的，外面的 7．________ adj. 不大可能的 8．dinosaur n. ________________ comic 奇特的 几何（学） approach flexible outer unlikely 恐龙 学生自主案 目录 9．________ adj. 不熟悉的，不了解的 10．________ n. 资料；数据 11．soccer n. ________________ 12．classic adj. ________________ 13．________ n. 曲线，弧线 14．gap n. _______________________ 15．strategy n. ________________ 16．___________ adv. 有效地 17．________ n. 小说 18．___________ vt. 推荐；建议 unfamiliar data (美)足球 经典的 curve (大的)差距，差额，差别 策略；战略；规划 effectively fiction recommend 学生自主案 目录 19．novel n. ________________ 20．beyond prep. ________________ 21．________ n. 冲浪 22．subway n. ________________ 23．________ vt. 学习，获得(知识，技能) 24．seafood n. ________________ 25．cell n. ________________ 26．________ adj. 情感上的；情绪上的 27．________ n. 性别 28．___________ adj.& adv. 遍及世界的；在全世界 小说 超出……范围 surfing (美)地铁 acquire 海鲜 细胞 emotional gender worldwide 学生自主案 目录 29．photographic adj. __________________________ 30．timely adj. ________________ 31．periodically adv. ________________ 32．childhood n. ________________ 33．________ n. 技巧，手法 34．________ n. 输入；投入 35．_______ adj. 内部的 36．journal n. ________________ 37．moreover adv. ________________ 38．________ n. 直升机 39．digit n. ________________ 40．outcome n. ________________ 详细准确的；照片的；摄影的 适时的，及时的 定期地 童年，儿童时代 technique input inner 日记，日志 此外，而且 helicopter （0~9的任何一个）数字 结果，后果 学生自主案 目录 单词语境练(选用左栏单词填空) 1．(人教B2­U2)In addition, different __________ (方法) to teaching and learning may come as a shock to many students. 2．(2024·北京市房山区高三期末检测)Afterward, they join a ________ (遍及世界的)network of 2，500＋ alumni of all ages. 3．(2024·广东省江门市新会第一中学高三统考)I loved the writer's ________ (技巧) of description, as well as the energy, the violence and the sensuousness (敏感) of those poems. 4．(2024·浙江省强基联盟高三适应性考试)Loud noisy spaces are using it ________ (有效地) now. approaches worldwide technique effectively 学生自主案 目录 5．(2024·四川成都高三质量检测)That's what happened when scientists discovered proteins from an ________ (不大可能的) lender: green algae (绿藻), whose cells are decorated with proteins that can sense light. 6．(2024·河南省驻马店市高三期末考试)I grabbed my ice scraper and brushed off the ________ (外面的) layer of the snow. 7．(2024·海南省高三联考一模)If you're still not confident in your response, Smith ___________ (建议) asking a co－worker to read it. 8．(2024·贵州贵阳高三质量检测)It was a remote position that offered a competitive salary and ________ (灵活的) hours. unlikely outer recommends flexible 学生自主案 目录 9．(2024·湖南长沙雅礼中学高三校考三模)Active listening is a skill that allows you to ________ (获得) the knowledge which could lead your company into a better future. 10．(2024·山西省忻州市高三月考)So as one of very few women in the newsroom, I never felt that my ________ (性别) held me back. acquire gender 学生自主案 目录 词族拓展检测 1．argue vi. 争论，争吵→________ n. 争论，争吵 2．promote vt. 促进，增进→__________ n. 提升；晋升；促进；促销；推销 3．ignore vt. 忽视；置之不理→________ adj. 幼稚的；无知的→________ n. 无知；愚昧 4．assume vt. 认为；假定，假设→__________ n. 假设，假想 5．impress vt. 使人印象深刻→_________ n. 印象；感想→__________ adj. 给人印象深刻的；令人赞叹的；令人钦佩的 argument promotion ignorant ignorance assumption impression impressive 学生自主案 目录 6．simple adj. 简单的→________ adv. 简单地→________ vt. 使简单；简化→________ adj. 简化了的 7．memory n. 记忆→________ vt. 记住；熟记→____________ n. 记忆 8．exist vi. 存在；实际上有→________ n. 存在 9．recommend vt. 推荐；建议→_____________ n. 推荐；建议 10．arrange vt. 计划；安排→___________ n. 计划；安排 11．excite vt. 使兴奋→________ adj. 感到兴奋的→________ adj. 令人兴奋的→___________ n. 兴奋，激动 12．evident adj. 明显的→________ adv. 明显地→________ n. 证据，证明 13．expose vt. 使接触；使体验→________ n. 暴露；接触；公开露面 simply simplify simplified memorise memorisation existence recommendation arrangement excited exciting excitement evidently evidence exposure 学生自主案 目录 14．reflect vi.& vt. 仔细思考；表达(意见)；反映→________ n. 沉思；想法；反射→________ adj. 沉思的；深思的 15．sufficient adj. 充足的→___________ adv. 充足地 16．sharp adj. 急剧的，猛烈的；尖的，锋利的→________ adv. 急剧地，猛烈地；锋利地 17．normal adj. 通常的，平常的→________ adv. 通常，平常 18．identical adj. 完全相同的；非常相似的→________ adv. 完全相同地；一模一样地 19．emotion n. 情感；情绪→________ adj. 情感上的；情绪上的 20．automatic adj. 自动的；无意识的→____________ adv. 自动地；无意识地 reflection reflective sufficiently sharply normally identically emotional automatically 学生自主案 目录 词族语境练(选用左栏单词填空) 1．They ________ with each other about what game to play. A decision was finally made after some heated ________．(argue) 2．Let's ________ that they're coming and make plans on that basis. The ________ will guide us to work out a plan first.(assume) 3．To my __________， I was admitted to a key university. My family were ________ at the ________ news.(excite) 4．People with strong work abilities can receive faster __________， which ________ each employee to be more active in improving themselves.(promote) argued argument assume assumption excitement excited exciting promotions promotes 学生自主案 目录 5．So each has its biological significance of the ________， and they are in the natural law of survival. Perhaps when one creature dies out, another will not ________. (exist) 6．Public ________ about the disease is still a cause for concern. Patients, it is claimed, were ________ of what was wrong with them. It's a pity that the disease is being ________ by most people. (ignore) 7．His ________ paintings left us a deep ________. All of us were ________ by his unique painting style.(impress) existence exist ignorance ignorant ignored impressive impression impressed 学生自主案 目录 8．When we communicate with foreigners, we can ________ our long sentences, such as using short sentences, to make us understood better, because the ________ sentences are easy to understand. (simple) 9．If we want to ________ as many new words as we can, ___________ techniques are needed apart from a good ________. (memory) 10．I ________ for a taxi to meet my friend at the airport, and the __________ satisfied her. (arrange) simplify simple memorise memorisation memory arranged arrangement 学生自主案 目录 1 approach [熟义]　n. ___________ [生义]　v. 接近；处理 ①We could just see the train approaching in the distance. 我们刚好能看到火车从远处________。 ②I'm not sure how to approach the problem. 怎样________这个问题，我没有把握。 方法 驶来 处理 学生自主案 目录 2 promote [熟义]　vt. _______________ [生义]　v. 促销；提升，晋升 ①Advertising companies are always having to think up new ways to promote products. 广告公司总是得想出新办法来________商品。   ②If I'm not promoted within the next two years, I'm going to change jobs. 如果我在今后两年内得不到________，我就换工作。 促进，增进 促销 提升 学生自主案 目录 3 sharp [熟义]　adj. ________________________________ [生义]　adv. 整点；突然地，立刻地　adj. 清晰的；严厉的 ①The performance will start at 7：30 sharp. 演出将于7：30________开始。 ②After the church, turn sharp left/right. 过了教堂，向左/右________。 ③The photograph is not very sharp. 这张照片不是很________。 ④He was very sharp with me when I was late. 我迟到了，让他________训了一通。 急剧的，猛烈的；尖的，锋利的 准时 急转弯 清晰 狠狠 学生自主案 目录 小积累 1.“复习”家族 ①revise vt. 复习 ②review vt. 复习 ③go over 复习；检查 ④brush up (on) 温习，复习 2.“争论”聚焦 ①reason with sb 与某人理论 ②argue with sb 与某人争论，争吵 ③quarrel with sb 与某人争吵 ④debate with sb 与某人辩论 3.“陷入……”集锦 ①be lost in reflection 陷入沉思 ②be lost in thought 陷入沉思 ③be absorbed in 埋头于 ④be buried in 埋头于 ⑤be devoted to 致力于 学生自主案 目录 二　语块过关测＋练 语块翻译 1．________________ 对……感到好奇 2．________________ 作为结果，因此 3．________________ 思考；回忆，反思 4．________________ 争吵，与某人争论 5．________________ 最后；最终 6．________________ 弄懂某事物；计算出；成功地发展 be curious about as a result reflect on argue with end up doing work out 学生自主案 目录 7．________________ 总而言之；简单地说 8．________________ 根据 9．________________ 在……的中心 10．________________ 以……为根据 in short according to at the heart of be based on ... 学生自主案 目录 语块语境练(选用左栏短语填空) 1．(2024·重庆市第八中学高三适应性考试)____________ your behaviors and creating goals that align with your values can motivate helpful change. 2．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)I could tell this was hard for him, having to leave his dog to a stranger and trust that everything would ____________. 3．(外研B1­U1)________ about the week's hottest topics ________ the school's sharpest minds! 4．(2023·全国乙卷)However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ____________ almost missing the sunset entirely. 5．He made one big mistake, and, ____________， lost his job. Reflecting on work out Argue with ended up as a result 学生自主案 目录 三　句式迁移练 1．“suggest doing”结构 【迁移创新】I ________________________________________ so that we'll have adequate time to practice. 我建议早上7：30在公园门口见面，这样我们就有足够的时间练习了。 2．“attempt to do”结构 【迁移创新】Make sure the rope is firmly attached before ________________________ it. 在试图爬下去之前，一定要把绳子系牢。 suggest meeting at 7:30 am at the park gate attempting to climb down 学生自主案 目录 3．“感官动词＋形容词”作表语 【迁移创新】I know it ________________， but I'll miss him when he's gone. 我知道这听起来很傻，但他走了我会想他的。 4．while引导时间状语从句 【迁移创新】________________________________， three buses went by in the opposite direction. 我在公共汽车站等车时，对面驶过了三辆公共汽车。 sounds silly While I was waiting at the bus stop 学生自主案 目录 师生互动案 Ⅰ 忆课文·语篇理解 We need to train ourselves __1__ (be) better learners—to actively take part in the learning process and to reflect __2__ what we have learnt. Listen to the outer voice. There are two kinds of voices: the inner voice and the outer voice. Active learners focus on __3__ the speaker/writer is saying. 师生互动案 目录 Argue with your inner voice. If you find your inner voice difficult to control, you can argue with it as most active learners do. Be __4__ (flexibly) in your opinions and you might end up __5__ (agree) with the speaker/writer after all. Ask questions. Asking questions is the easiest way __6__ (promote) active learning. The very act of working out questions will help you to achieve a higher level of __7__ (understand) about the topic. Get to the truth. Active learners attempt to find the truth at the heart of each idea. Even when an idea sounds entirely __8__ (unlike), there may be an aspect of it that is based on truth. 师生互动案 目录 Focus on __9__ message. Many people miss out on learning opportunities because they refuse to learn or ignore what is said because of __10__ the speaker/writer is. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　 6.________　7.________　8.________9．________　10.________ 答案：1.to be　2.on　3.what　4.flexible　5.agreeing　6.to promote　7.understanding　8.unlikely　9.the　10.who 答案 师生互动案 目录 1 Why can I remember events in my childhood but not what happened last week? We remember things __1__ have strong connections in our mind, especially __2__ (emotion) connections. Also, interesting or funny stories from our childhood are often told again and again. As __3__ result, we remember them much better. 2 Do some people really have a photographic memory? 师生互动案 目录 A person with a photographic memory could remember every detail __4__ a picture, a book or an event many years later, but no one __5__ (prove) that there are people who really have photographic memories. 3 Why do I forget the new words that I learnt yesterday? In 1885, Hermann Ebbinghaus published a book __6__ (call) Memory and presented a famous forgetting curve. According to him, the __7__ (sharp) loss of memory occurs during the very early period after learning. This means __8__ (time) review during this period, with a few revisits to what is learnt, can __9__ (significant) help us to remember the information. 4 I'm 16, but I sometimes forget things. Is my memory getting worse? 师生互动案 目录 Definitely not. __10__ (we) memory reaches its full power at the age of 25. At that point, we can remember up to 200 pieces of information in a second. After this age, however, the brain starts to get smaller. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　 6.________　7.________　8.________9．________　10.________ 答案：1.that/which　2.emotional　3.a　4.of　5.has proved　6.called　7.sharpest　8.timely　9.significantly　10.Our 答案 师生互动案 目录 Ⅱ 学思悟·重点突破 1 approach n. 方法；靠近；通道；接近于　vi. (在距离或时间上)靠近，接近 vt. 着手处理；对付 【知识归纳】 (1)(an) approach to接近；解决……的方法(to为介词，后跟名词、代词或v.­ing形式) make an approach to 对……进行探讨；与……打交道 at the approach of 在快到……的时候 (2)approach sb/sth 靠近/接近某人/某物 approach sb on sth 与某人接洽/商量/交涉某事 师生互动案 目录 【语用点拨】 ①Only when you have confidence and master proper approaches are you sure to overcome the difficulties. 只有当你有信心并掌握正确的方法时，你才一定能克服困难。(建议信) ②With the approaching of Learn from Lei Feng Day approaching, March 1st witnessed a magnificent social practice organized by our school. 随着“学雷锋纪念日”的临近，3月1日，我校组织了一场精彩的社会实践活动。(活动介绍) ③Some are about teamwork, including playing games and approaching issues as a team. 有些是关于团队合作，包括作为一个团队来玩游戏和处理问题。(活动介绍) 师生互动案 目录 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2024·广东省江门市高三质量检测)With great enthusiasm, he talked about how he found the animals and _____________ (approach) them. ②A systems approach ____creating change is also built on the assumption that everyone in the system has equal power. ③_____ the approach of the college entrance examination, most of us stay up late to study. ④解决问题的最好方法是正视问题而不是逃避问题。 Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is _________________________________________. approached to At the best approach to working things out 师生互动案 目录 2 reflect vi.& vt. 仔细思考；表达(意见)；反映(☞reflection n. 沉思；想法；反射 ☞reflective adj. 沉思的；深思的；反映的，体现……的) 【知识归纳】 reflect on/upon 思考/仔细考虑/沉思/反省…… reflect sb/sth in sth 在(镜子等)中映出某人/物的影像 reflect sth from sth从某物反射(光、热、声等) 师生互动案 目录 【语用点拨】 ①What's more, the clothes you select can't reflect the unique culture of our school. 更重要的是， 你挑选的服装不能反映我们学校独特的文化。(邮件) ②I think you should stop for a moment and reflect on your success and failure. 我认为你应该停下来思考一下你的成功和失败。(建议信) ③Everything you do or say is reflective of your personality. 你的一言一行都体现你的个性。(倡议书) ④The light reflected off the surface of the water.光在水面上产生反射。(景色描写) 师生互动案 目录 【语境运用】单句语法填空/翻译 ①We all behave poorly sometimes, but a single action is not a _________ (reflect) of the character. ②As the small boat moved gently along the river, he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected _______ the water. ③我希望在未来的几年里他会反思他的决定。 __________________________________________________________________. reflection in I hope in years to come he will reflect on his decision. 师生互动案 目录 3 argue vi. 争论，争吵；主张；认为(☞argument n. 争吵；争论；论据；理由) 【知识归纳】 (1)argue with sb (about/over sth) (就某事)与某人争吵/争论 argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事 argue for/against (doing) sth 赞成/反对(做)某事 argue that ... 主张/认为…… (2)have an argument with sb about/over sth 就某事与某人争吵 win/lose an argument 赢得争论/输掉争论 an argument for/against 支持/反对……的理由/论据 师生互动案 目录 【语用点拨】 ①The ensuing argument had been bitter.随后的争论是激烈的。(场景描写) ②It is our task to argue the students into believing scientific learning methods. 说服学生相信科学的学习方法是我们的任务。(演讲稿) ③The data did not, however, provide evidence to argue in favor of the two genders having different learning styles. 然而，这些数据并没有提供支持两性学习风格不同的证据。(调查报告) ④Next time you state your position, formulate an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. 下次当你陈述你的立场时，要为你的陈述形成一个论点，并诚实地问自己，你的论点是否是个好论点。(建议信) 师生互动案 目录 【语境运用】单句语法填空 ①It is no use arguing ______ Bill because he will never change his mind. ②Mike often argues with his friends __________ small things, which makes them very unhappy. ③(2024·九省联考)I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an ____________ (argue)—and that is to avoid it. ④He argued _________ smoking because he thought that it was harmful to health. ⑤Not knowing what the future will bring shouldn't be an argument ______ doing nothing. with about/over argument against for 师生互动案 目录 4 assume vt. 认为；假定，假设；承担(责任)(☞assumption n. 假设，假想☞assuming conj. 假定，假设) 【知识归纳】 (1)assume ... to be ... 认为……是…… It is assumed that ... 人们认为……；据推测…… (2)make an assumption/assumptions about ... 对……作出假设 work on the assumption that ... 以……假定行事 make the assumption that ... 做出……假设 (3)assuming (that) ... ＝supposing (that) ... 假定…… 师生互动案 目录 【语用点拨】 ①I assumed him to be a teacher in the beginning, but he proved to be a lawyer.刚开始，我认为他是一名教师，但结果证明他是一名律师。(人物介绍) ②A blogger assumes many people dislike his posts. 一个博主认为许多人不喜欢他的帖子。(调查报告) ③It's easy to assume that a vacation to Bali will cost a small fortune. 人们很容易认为去巴厘岛度假会花掉一大笔钱。(观点陈述) ④Everyone must assume his share of the responsibility to protect the environment. 每个人都必须承担起保护环境的责任。(倡议书) 师生互动案 目录 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①If you find yourself making ___________(assume) about a person's character, stop yourself. ②_____ is assumed that you are interested in achieving greater self－awareness. ③______________ (assume) that it is true, what should we do now? ④可以合理地认为这种教育能培养出更好的管理者。 Such education can reasonably _____________________generate better managers. assumptions It Assuming be assumed to 师生互动案 目录 5 exist vi. 存在；实际上有；持续存在，生存(☞existence n. 存在；生存) 【知识归纳】 (1)exist in 在于…… exist on＝live on 靠……生存 There exist(s) ... 有…… (2)come into existence＝come into being 出现；开始存在；产生 go out of existence 消亡 师生互动案 目录 【语用点拨】 ①With the rapid development of network technology, a variety of campus­based application systems come into existence. 随着网络技术的蓬勃发展，各种基于校园网的应用系统接踵而至。(演讲稿) ②Poverty still exists in this country.这个国家仍存在贫困现象。(报道) ③It's in the poorer, underdeveloped eastern region of the country that the biggest problems exist. 最大的问题存在于该国较贫穷且欠发达的东部地区。(调查报告) 师生互动案 目录 【语境运用】单句语法填空/一句多译 ①(2023·全国甲卷)There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful _________ (exist) with its surroundings. ②It was very similar to his, I felt a sort of awe at the possibilities that existed ____ his world. ③You can't imagine what difficulty they have existing ____ the little money he's earning. ④巴基斯坦在战后开始作为一个独立的国家存在。 Pakistan _______________________as an independent country after the war. ＝Pakistan ____________________as an independent country after the war. existence in on came into existence came into being 师生互动案 目录 6 beyond prep. 超出……范围 【知识归纳】 beyond description 无法描述 beyond one's dream 是某人想不到的 beyond control 无法控制 beyond belief 不可思议；难以置信 beyond sb 某人无法理解 beyond one's ability 超出某人的能力 beyond one's reach 够不着 beyond compare 无可比拟 beyond question 毫无疑问；毋庸置疑 师生互动案 目录 【语用点拨】 ①There is a person who plays an important role in my life, which is beyond my description. 有一个人在我生活中起了重要作用，这是我无法用语言描述的。(人物介绍) ②I'm grateful for what you have done for me, which is beyond my dream.我很感激你为我所做的事，这是我没有想到的。(感谢信) ③My tip is to read simplified classic works because they can increase your knowledge of English beyond the classroom. 我的建议是阅读简化版的经典作品，因为它们可以增加你在课堂以外的英语知识。(建议信) ④We are devastated, shocked beyond belief. 我们遇到了挫败，震惊得难以置信。(心理描写) 师生互动案 目录 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)She adds that the program's benefits go ________nutrition. ②Tonight's performance has been cancelled due to circumstances __________________(我们无法控制)． ③恐怕我根本就学不会物理。 Physics is completely ________________. ④她的书写美得无可比拟。 The beauty of her handwriting is _________________. ⑤她的诚实是毋庸置疑的。 Her honesty is __________________. beyond beyond our control beyond me beyond compare beyond question 师生互动案 目录 7 recommend vt. 推荐；建议(☞recommendation n. 推荐；建议) 【知识归纳】 (1)recommend doing sth 建议做某事 recommend sb to do sth建议某人做某事 recommend that sb (should) do sth 建议某人做某事(从句用虚拟语气) (2)recommend sb sth＝recommend sth to sb向某人推荐某物 recommend sb as ... 推荐某人为…… 师生互动案 目录 【语用点拨】 ①I recommend making seat reservations in advance, because this is a popular film and there will be a lot of audience. 我建议提前预订座位，因为这是一部很受欢迎的电影，会有很多观众。(建议信) ②I recommend her as your assistant, as she is so outstanding. 我推荐她做你的助理，因为她非常出色。(推荐信) ③Knowing that you are participating in the “Learning in China” speech contest, I'd like to make a recommendation for you. 知道你要参加“学在中国”演讲比赛，我想给你提一个建议。(推荐信) 师生互动案 目录 【语境运用】单句语法填空 ①(2024·Z20名校联盟高三质量检测)Now, Cycling Electric, designed to help consumers choose an ebike, offers the following __________________ (recommend)． ②A great many tourist spots can be found along the Yangtze River, and that's why I recommend the trip __________ you. ③(2024·山东高三校联考)House Method recommends ________ (be) consistent with your exercise until it begins to feel like a habit. ④The doctor recommended that we _________________(take) exercise regularly to keep fit. recommendations to being (should) take 师生互动案 目录 8 expose vt. 使接触；使体验；暴露(☞exposure n. 暴露；接触) 【知识归纳】 (1)expose sb/sth to ... 使某人/物接触/暴露于…… get/be exposed to暴露于；接触 (2)exposure to the elements 经受风吹雨打；暴露于自然环境中 sun exposure 日照 师生互动案 目录 【语用点拨】 ①Aiming to expose us to the jubilant New Year atmosphere, our school will hold the annual party. 为了让我们感受新年的喜庆气氛，我们学校将举办年会。(邀请信) ②The activity not only offered us students an opportunity to get exposed to this local art, but also stimulated our passion for promoting Chinese traditional culture. 这次活动不仅让我们学生有机会接触到当地的艺术，也激发了我们弘扬中国传统文化的热情。(报道) ③He smiled suddenly, exposing a set of amazingly white teeth. 他突然一笑，露出一口雪白的牙齿。(动作描写) 师生互动案 目录 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①(2024·黑龙江省哈尔滨师范大学附属中学高三质量检测)The more one is exposed ________ the English­speaking environment, the better he or she will learn the language. ②(2024·九省联考)As prey animals, parrots are often frightened by _________(expose) to new household items or strangers. ③(2024·江苏省南通市高三质量检测)广泛的阅读可以让你接触到新的思想和知识，提高你的注意力和记忆力，增强你的创造力和批判性思维能力。 Reading extensively _______________________________________, improves your concentration and memory, and enhances your creativity and critical thinking skills. to exposure exposes you to new ideas and knowledge 师生互动案 目录 9 end up doing 最后；最终 【知识归纳】 end up doing sth以做某事而结束 end up in/with以……结束 end up as ... 最终成为……(侧重以某种身份结束) come to an end 结束 师生互动案 目录 【语境运用】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Damming the river may end up _________(benefit) those who need it the least. ②Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion, and ended up _____a manager. ③Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just end up ___________ sweet dreams. ④(2023·全国甲卷)泰瑞现在和朋友们在伦敦西南部的旺兹沃斯租了一套房子，她说DIY还能让她在租约到期时避免损失任何押金。 Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) __________________． benefiting as in/with comes to an end 师生互动案 目录 10 while引导时间状语从句 【知识归纳】 (1)while引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”，相当于“during the time that”， while引导的从句的谓语动词应用延续性动词。 (2)while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”，通常置于句首，相当于“though, although”。 (3)while引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”，相当于“as long as”。 (4)while用作并列连词，连接两个并列分句时，这两个分句在意义上形成鲜明对比，意为“然而，却”。 (5)while用作名词，表示“一会儿”。常见短语： after a while 过了一会儿；in a short while 一会儿以后；once in a while 偶尔，间或。 师生互动案 目录 【语境运用】指出黑体词在句中的含义/完成句子 ①The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others' conversations while we're trying to focus. _________________ ②While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. __________ ③While there is life, there is hope. ____________ ④(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)从经典的视角出发，欣赏瀑布、黄石河和峡谷令人叹为观止的色彩，同时了解该地区的自然和人文历史。 From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) _______________________________________ ________________________________. 当……的时候 虽然 只要 while learning about the area’ s natural and human history 师生互动案 目录 Ⅲ 语基过关检测 维度一　单句语法填空 1．We will be exploring different approaches to __________ (gather) information. 2．(2024·广东省江门市高三质量检测)It deserves considerable time and _________(reflect). 3．(2024·贵阳市高三质量检测)With the noise in the house, his step­son (继子) always had an ___________ (argue) with him. 4．It is generally assumed ______ stress is caused by too much work. 5．(译林B2­U3)__________ (promote) traditional festivals helps spread knowledge about our national history. gathering reflection argument that Promoting 师生互动案 目录 6．(2024·广东省广州市高三质量检测)He promised me he would try his utmost but Shep was _________ (likely) to get through it unless there is a miracle. 7．(人教XB4­U1)But Wang discovers it is more than a game—it uncovers a great danger threatening human ___________ (exist)． 8．(2024·安徽省江淮十校高三第一次联考)When you walk into the house, you will feel quite confused and find the entire museum very _____________ (impress). 9．(2024·贵州省贵阳市高三质量检测)I struggled to communicate _________ (effective) and found it difficult to stay motivated without the support of my team. 10．(2024·黑龙江省哈尔滨市第一中学高三期中考试)In an effort to gain enough sleep and a healthy life, all of us are highly recommended ________ (plan) our time properly for homework and take physical exercise regularly. unlikely existence impressive effectively to plan 师生互动案 目录 维度二　语篇练习 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 A reading tests shows that girls are outperforming boys in reading and that this ①_________________ (与……有关) girls' greater enjoyment of reading. One key area which ②__________________ (对……有主要影响) reading performance, is reading for enjoyment ③__________ (而不是) simply for study or school work purposes. The PISA study found that in all countries assessed (apart from South Korea), girls read for enjoyment more than boys and ④_______________________ (有明显的区别) the choices boys and girls make when deciding on what to read. While reading in all forms is certainly beneficial and ⑤_____________________ (应该被鼓励)． is associated with has a major impact on rather than there were clear differences in should be encouraged 师生互动案 目录 The PISA study has helped show ⑥__________________________ (清晰的性别模式) when it comes to reading. Low levels of interest in or enjoyment of reading can ⑦____________________________ (有长远影响) future success in life. ⑧__________ (总而言之), it is important that governments, teachers and parents all work to identify opportunities and strategies to raise reading proficiency levels. a clear pattern in genders have long term effects on In short 师生互动案 目录 Ⅳ 读写用·素养提升 维度一　一词多义/熟词生义 根据语境选出加黑词approach的含义 A．n. 方法　B．vi.& vt. 接近　C．vt. 着手处理 1．We could just see the train approaching in the distance.________ 2．Since our research so far has not produced any answers to this problem, we need to adopt a different approach to it. ________ 3．I'm not sure how to approach the problem. ________ B A C 师生互动案 目录 维度二　构词法 (2024·山东省青岛市高三调研检测)Newport recommends doing deep work as your first task of the day. 合成词：re­表示______； ­com­表示______；mend意为_______；再让一起修改，recommend意为_______________________。 维度三　长难句分析 (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two­thirds of the way through her race when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. 一划主干：___________________________________________。 二括修饰：As reported 是省略it is的_______从句；when引导__________从句。 再 共同 修改 劝告，推荐;建议 Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way 定语 时间状语 师生互动案 目录 三会意：据当地一家报纸报道，当贝利跑到三分之二多的时候，她前面的一名选手开始痛苦地哭泣。 维度四　写作提能 完成句子/词汇升级/一句多译 1．There are a lot of related resources, and it can help ___________________________________ (有效提高你的记忆). (推荐信) 2．定期使用这个应用程序，很快你就会发现自己沉浸在使用学过的中国习语的兴奋感之中。(建议信) Using the app periodically, you will soon find yourself _______________________ of using the Chinese idioms you've learned. promote your memorisation effectively exposed to the excitement 师生互动案 目录 3．它是中英双语的，便于你根据上下文掌握理解汉语成语的技巧。(推荐信) It's bilingual in Chinese and English. It is convenient for you to ________________ in understanding Chinese idioms _____________________________. 4．He tried to pass the exam, but he failed in the end. ________________________ 5．他在音乐会上的表演给我留下了深刻的印象。(人物介绍) He ________________________his performance at the concert. (impress) ＝I __________________________ his performance at the concert. (impressed) ＝His performance at the concert ______________________________ me. (impression) acquire techniques based on the contexts made an attempt at passing/to pass impressed me deeply with was deeply impressed with/by left/made a deep impression on 师生互动案 目录 课时作业 目录 Ⅰ.阅读 Ａ (2024·湖南省三湘创新发展联合体高三月考)I am a professor of clinical psychology. Some time ago, I got halfway through a day of teaching before a co­worker pointed out to me I was quite carelessly wearing a pair of different shoes, one red and one black. I felt so embarrassed and upset but I would have to go to teach my course like this. When I noticed how much I wanted to disappear and avoid this situation, I was determined to face it instead. I walked into class and announced to the students that I was wearing two shoes from different pairs, and directed their attention to my feet. Everyone laughed and we went on with class. Years later, a student in that class told me that this was the moment she first thought that maybe, just maybe, she could be a professor, too. 课时作业 目录 71 I shared my mistake because I realized that trying to hide it was interfering with my ability to concentrate my mind on my teaching—but I had no idea that it would also help shorten the psychological distance between my students and myself. Many contexts may punish or shame people for making mistakes. Our efforts to avoid them result from our desires for success, and how others will respond to our mistakes. We might feel self­criticism and shame if we do make some. However, mistake making is part of learning new things, and it can draw us closer to others. It opens up the possibility of accepting mistakes gladly, letting us be more open and engaged in what we are doing. 课时作业 目录 72 We can say words of kindness and self­compassion to ourselves: Mistakes are natural and human; we can be kind to ourselves for this error and still try to do better next time; noticing our own imperfections can help us to be kind to others when we notice they are imperfect, too. When we practice our mistakes in this way, they can become opportunities to open up to others, learn about ourselves, and connect even more with what matters to us. 篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了作者通过主动告诉学生自己犯的错误，不但消除了自己内心的尴尬、沮丧，同时还拉近了自己与学生之间的距离。 篇章导读 课时作业 目录 73 1．How does the author develop Paragraph 1? A．By giving some examples. B．By following time order. C．By doing scientific experiments. D．By sharing personal experience. 答案：D　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，作者穿着不同颜色的鞋子去给学生上课，他虽然感到尴尬，但决定面对它，于是向学生宣布自己穿错了鞋子。由此可推知，作者通过分享自己的经历来展开第一段。故选D。 答案 课时作业 目录 74 2．What was the result of the author sharing his mistake? A．Shameful. B．Unexpected. C．Punishable. D．Unaccepted. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I walked into ... could be a professor, too.”和第二段中的“but I had no idea that it would also help shorten the psychological distance between my students and myself”可推知，作者在向学生坦白之后得到了一些意想不到的结果。故选B。 答案 课时作业 目录 75 3．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us? A．Intentions to avoid mistakes. B．Advantages of making mistakes. C．Possibilities of making mistakes. D．Efforts to avoid making mistakes. 答案：A　段落大意题。根据第三段中的“Many contexts may punish ... respond to our mistakes.”可知，该段主要讲述人们为什么想要避免犯错，即避免犯错的意图。故选A。 答案 课时作业 目录 76 4．What can we know about mistakes from the last paragraph? A．They interfere with what we are doing. B．They draw too much attention from us. C．They are big opportunities to get us improved. D．They make us feel irresponsible and defeated. 答案：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Mistakes are natural and human; we can be kind to ourselves for this error and still try to do better next time”可知，犯错促使我们下次努力做得更好，由此可推知，犯错是让我们进步的大好机会。故选C。 答案 课时作业 目录 77 B (2023·陕西省渭南市高三一模)Many studies have shown the learning­by­teaching effect. Students who spend time teaching what they've learned show better understanding and ability to remember knowledge than students who simply spend the same time re­studying. But why does teaching help? Researchers did a study to test their idea that teaching improves the teacher's learning because it forces the teacher to find back what they've learned. They asked 124 students to spend ten minutes studying a text with numbers on a topic which is completely new to them. They told the students they could take notes while studying, but would teach the material afterwards without notes. 课时作业 目录 78 After studying the text, the students were divided into four groups. In one group the students spent five minutes giving a lesson on the study material without notes. The other groups either spent the same time completing arithmetic (算术) problems, teaching with a script (讲稿) or writing down all they could remember from the text—a form of recalling practice. A week later, all the students took a surprise test of their knowledge and understanding of the text. The important finding is that the teaching­without­notes group and the recalling­practice group performed better than the group that completed arithmetic problems and the group that taught with a script. 课时作业 目录 79 The researchers said the result shows that the benefits of the learning­by­teaching method are caused by recalling practice; that is, the learning­by­teaching method works only when the teaching includes recalling the taught materials. The new findings have a practical suggestion for how the learning­by­teaching method is used in education. In order to make sure that students learn and remember an educational material, they should internalize (内化) the material before presenting it to others, rather than depend on notes during the presentation process. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项重要的研究：在学习中，学生通过讲课传授自己所学知识的方式更有助于提高学习效率。 篇章导读 课时作业 目录 80 5．Why does the author give a question in Paragraph 1? A．To look for readers' answer. B．To introduce the topic. C．To keep a sense of mystery. D．To show off his knowledge. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Students who spend time ... does teaching help？(花时间教授所学知识的学生比只花同样时间重复学习的学生表现出更好的理解和记忆知识的能力。但是为什么教学会有帮助呢？)”和第二段中研究人员进行研究以回答这一问题可推知，第一段提出问题是为了引出文章的主题。故选B。 答案 课时作业 目录 81 6．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Why the study started. B．How the study was done. C．How many people joined in the study. D．What conclusion the researchers made. 答案：B　段落大意题。根据第二段的内容可知，本段主要介绍实验的过程，即这个实验是怎么做的。故选B。 答案 课时作业 目录 82 7．What should be stressed in school education according to the author? A．Previewing­by­teaching. B．Note­taking. C．Learning­by­teaching. D．Mind­mapping. 答案：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段“The new findings have ... during the presentation process.(这些新发现为教学中让学生通过教授已学知识的方式学习提供了切实可行的建议。为了确保学生学习和记忆教育材料，他们应该在向他人展示之前将材料内化，而不是在展示过程中依赖笔记。)”可推知，作者认为，在学校教育中，应该强调的是在教学中学习。故选C。 答案 课时作业 目录 83 8．Where is the text probably from? A．A history textbook. B．A newspaper. C．A guideline. D．A detective novel. 答案：B　推理判断题。文章主要讲述了一项重要的研究发现，由此可推知，文章最有可能出自报纸。故选B。 答案 课时作业 目录 84 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·浙江高考1月)While taking a 20­hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful __1__ with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man __2__ me on the train. My __3__ friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the __4__ to practice my Chinese. Over several hours, he would tell me about how he had __5__ a two­year professional school to quickly find a job __6__ highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps the most __7__， however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye, he would __8__ a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American __9__ as a whole. “And what do you all learn about Russian authors？” I __10__ him asking at one point. 课时作业 目录 85 It would have been easy to __11__ my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, __12__， and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he __13__ me just how much one can gain from __14__ with an open mind, and a willingness to __15__ with locals from all walks of life. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在火车上偶遇了一位年轻的中国人并和他成为朋友，而且这位男子还向作者展示了带着开放的心态旅行，与各行各业的当地人交往可以有很大收获的故事。 篇章导读 课时作业 目录 86 1．A.experiment B．encounter C．competition D．appointment 2．A.treated B．saved C．lectured D．approached 答案：B　experiment 实验；encounter 邂逅；competition 比赛；appointment 任命。根据后文“with a local that all travelers long for”可知，作者和当地人有了一次美妙的邂逅。故选B。 答案 答案：D　treat 对待；save 拯救；lecture 讲课；approach 靠近。根据前文“wonderful __1__ with a local that all travelers long for”以及后文“me on the train”可推知，一位年轻的中国人在火车上向作者走来。故选D。 课时作业 目录 87 3．A.true B．so­called C．New D．long­lost 4．A.chance B．advice C．trouble D．right 答案：C　true 真的；so­called 所谓的；new 新的；long­lost 很久不见的。根据前文“I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful __1__ with a local that all travelers long for”可知，两人是在火车上认识的，因此是新朋友。故选C。 答案 答案：A　chance 机会；advice 建议；trouble 麻烦；right 权利。根据后文“to practice my Chinese”可知，作者抓住这个机会练习中文。故选A。 课时作业 目录 88 5．A.visited B．financed C．attended D．founded 6．A.building B．sweeping C．checking D．guarding 答案：C　visit 拜访；finance 提供资金；attend 参加，上(学)；found 成立。根据后文“a two­year professional school”可知，这个年轻人去上了一个为期两年的职业学校。故选C。 答案 答案：A　build 修建；sweep 打扫；check 检查；guard 守卫。根据后文“this highway builder”可知，这位年轻人是一位公路建设者。故选A。 课时作业 目录 89 7．A.typical B．obvious C．Natural D．Remarkable 8．A.publish B．quote C．copy D．download 答案：　D　typical 典型的；obvious 显然的；natural 自然的；remarkable 引人注目的。根据后文“this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor”可知，这位年轻人每天在辛苦的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习，这种品质是引人注目的。故选D。 答案 答案：B　publish 出版；quote 引用；copy 复制；download 下载。根据后文“a translated Emerson passage”可知，此处指引用翻译的爱默生的一段话。故选B。 课时作业 目录 90 9．A.writers B．historians C．workers D．students 10．A.anticipate B．imagine C．recall D．catch 答案：A　writer 作家；historian 历史学家；worker 工人；student 学生。根据前文“a translated Emerson ... influence of American”以及后文“And what do you all learn about Russian authors？”可知，年轻人对美国和俄罗斯的作家感兴趣。故选A。 答案 答案：C　anticipate 预期；imagine 想象；recall 回想起；catch 抓住。根据上文内容可知，作者讲述了自己在火车上的一段经历，因此此处指作者回想起年轻人提过的问题。故选C。 课时作业 目录 91 11．A.look into B．rely on C．go over D．deal with 12．A.well­behaved B．multi­skilled C．warm­hearted D．self­educated 答案：B　look into 调查；rely on 依靠；go over 复习；deal with 处理。根据后文“my assumptions about ... a few hundred miles from home”可知，设空处所在句指作者很容易依靠自己的假设对这位年轻人进行判断。故选B。 答案 答案：D　well­behaved 行为端正的；multi­skilled 多技能的；warm­hearted 热心的；self­educated 自学的。根据前文“this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor”可知，这个年轻人是自学成才的。故选D。 课时作业 目录 92 13．A.asked B．warned C．showed D．promised 14．A.traveling B．reading C．searching D．Teaching 答案：C　ask 询问；warn 警告；show 展示；promise 承诺。根据后文“me just how much ... all walks of life”可知，此处指年轻人向作者展示了一个人带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与各行各业的当地人交往可以有很大的收获。故选C。 答案 答案：A　travel 旅行；read 阅读；search 搜索；teach 教学。根据后文“with an open mind, and a willingness to”并结合前文“While taking a 20­hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China”可知，作者当时在乘火车旅行，此处指带着开放的心态旅行。故选A。 课时作业 目录 93 15．A.cooperate B．side C．negotiate D．engage 答案：D　cooperate 合作；side 支持；negotiate 协商；engage 参与。根据后文“with locals from all walks of life”可知，此处指和各行各业的当地人打交道。engage with为固定搭配，意为“与……接触”。故选D。 答案 课时作业 目录 94 写作限时练（3） Ⅰ.应用文写作 (2024·九省联考)你校英文报计划举办主题为“携手行动，节约粮食”的作文比赛。请你写一则活动通知，内容包括： 1．介绍活动目的； 2．说明参赛要求。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Welcome to Join the English Writing Competition 写作限时练(3) 目录 96 ［精彩范文］ Welcome to Join the English Writing Competition Our school English newspaper is excited to announce the upcoming writing competition, themed “Hand in Hand, Save the Food”. The competition aims to raise awareness about the importance of saving food. All students are encouraged to participate. Entries should consist of an original piece of writing, focusing on the theme of food waste and showing how we can contribute to its reduction. Please submit your entries to englishdepartment@163.com before the deadline of June 1st. We're looking forward to your participation and creative submissions. 答案 写作限时练(3) 目录 97 Ⅱ.读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2024·湖南省三湘创新发展联合体高三月考)I am a volunteer of Story Dogs. Rosie and I began our Story Dogs journey at a local elementary school in Term 2 this year. Story Dogs is based on the successful American literacy program, Reading Education Assistance Dogs, which was built around the appealing idea of children and young adolescents reading to dogs. 写作限时练(3) 目录 98 Reading sessions take place in a quiet area of the school grounds, such as the library or outside the classroom. A reading session is about 20 minutes long, where each child is one­on­one with the dog team. Books are chosen to suit the student's reading level. Jayon, a Year 2 student, is such a good boy as everyone likes. No one is perfect. Jayon, however, wanted nothing to do with reading! That made Jayon's teachers and parents feel helpless. His wonderful teacher used all kinds of teaching methods, but none of them improved. At the same time, his parents trembled with his reading performance. Jayon struggled to stay focused, which meant he was disinterested in his school work ... until he met Rosie! 写作限时练(3) 目录 99 When Jayon first came to read with us, I noticed a few things about his reading. For example, he would guess the words and become distracted very easily. He was unable to hold the book still, which would obviously make it difficult for him to read and he would lose interest very quickly, which meant I would have to read to him. So I came up with a plan. I decided I would hold the book instead and point to each word and helped him to sound the words out instead of guessing. To keep him focused and still, I asked him to pat Rosie's back, which helped keep his hands busy. Rosie certainly didn't mind a bit! 写作限时练(3) 目录 100 Using these methods, Jayon's reading improved every week! He developed a beautiful bond with Rosie and she would show him so much love and affection! She knew he needed her and it was lovely to watch them together. With weeks passing by, Jayon's enthusiasm for reading became stronger. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 写作限时练(3) 目录 101 写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者和狗狗Rosie (罗西)一起参加故事狗项目，做志愿者，希望帮助小男孩Jayon (杰伊昂)提高阅读水平。Jayon在阅读能力上得到提高了吗？作者对于这个项目有什么感想呢？ 写前导读 写作限时练(3) 目录 102 ［精彩范文］ Jayon finally loved reading. He told me he would even read to his own dog at home. His wonderful teacher also kept me up to date with his progress in class. It was wonderful to hear that not only had his reading improved dramatically but his writing, focus and behavior had also improved! By the end of the last term of school, he had climbed 9 ... yes, 9 reading levels! Each week I was shocked at how much he had improved and how he would absolutely nail those big words which were once very scary! 答案 写作限时练(3) 目录 103 I was told that Jayon would receive the Growth Award at the end of year. I was fortunate to be able to witness the wonderful moment when Jayon was presented with his award. And I was extremely proud that the Story Dogs program was given some credit to his achievement, alongside the hard work and patience of his teachers. It was an emotional and proud moment for his lovely family as well who were very grateful to Rosie and me! All of my students looked forward to Rosie and me visiting every week! Knowing that my beautiful Rosie and I can have such a huge impact on their future makes it all worthwhile! 答案 课时作业 目录 104 R 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Jayon finally loved reading. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 I was told that Jayon would receive the Growth Award at the end of year. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 $$