必修2 UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS-【金版教程】2025年高考英语一轮复习创新方案课件PPT（新教材，创新版）

第一部分　教材回眸 深究核心考点 必修第二册　 UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS 主题语境：人与社会——历史与传统 目录 CONTENTS 目录 1.Confucius philosophy 孔子哲学 2．a noble mansion 一座富丽堂皇的宅邸 3．be buried in Highgate Cemetery 被安葬在海格特墓地 4．one of one's descendants 某人的后代之一 5．the United Kingdom 联合王国 6．share the same currency 共用同样的货币 7．take military action 采取军事行动 阅读识记 目录 8．a thick slice of bread and butter 一片厚厚的黄油面包 9．a common ancestor 一个共同的祖先 10．a snack bar 小吃店 11．twenty head of cattle 二十头牛 12．the roar of the waves 海浪的咆哮 13．sensory information 感官信息 14．a striking feature 显著的特征 目录 1.individual economy 个体经济 2．pay a visit to a nearby town 参观附近的一个小镇 3．conquer the whole world 征服全世界 4．an ancient port city 一座古老的港口城市 5．the art gallery 美术展览馆 6．beautiful natural landscape 美丽的自然风景 7．lick the honey off the spoon 舔光勺子上的蜂蜜 基础高频 目录 8．as beautiful as the calm ocean 像平静的海洋那样美丽 9．a typical English pub 一个典型的英国酒吧 10．drink a whole bottle of wine 喝了整整一瓶酒 11．a glass of beer 一杯啤酒 12．a local custom 当地的风俗 目录 1.chief adj. 最重要的；最高级别的；主要的　n．(公司或机构的)首领；酋长 2．battle n. 战役；搏斗；较量；争论；斗争　vi.& vt. 搏斗；奋斗 3．charge n. 收费；指控；主管　vt. 收费；控告；充电 4．amount n. 金额；数量　vi. 总计，共计；相当于，等于 5．approach n. 方法；途径；接近　vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理　vi. 靠近 6．position n. 位置；姿态；职位　vt. 安装；安置；使处于 一词多义 目录 7．feast n. 盛宴；宴会；节日 8．roll vi.& vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动；(雷或鼓)隆隆作响　n. 卷(轴)；翻滚 9．dot n. 点；小(圆)点　vt. 加点；遍布 10．transition n. 过渡；转变；变迁 目录 写出下面句中黑体词的词性和含义 1．I think it's time we tried a fresh approach. ____________ 2．They didn't deliver the right amount of sand. ____________ 3．The architect charged us a fee of seven hundred and fifty dollars. ____________ 4．This course is useful for students who are in transition. ____________ 5．Progress is slow but we keep battling on. ____________ 6．The photographers had already shot a dozen rolls of film. ____________ 7．Small coastal towns dot the landscape. ____________ 8．Unemployment was the chief cause of poverty. ____________ 9．He positioned the camera where he wanted to monitor. ____________ n. 方法 n. 数量 vt. 收费；要价 n. 过渡 vi. 奋斗 n. 卷 vt. 遍布 adj. 主要的 vt. 安装 对点过关 目录 1.puzzle n. 谜；智力游戏；疑问　vt. 迷惑；使困惑→puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的→puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的 2．belong vi. 应在(某处)；适应→belonging n. 归属→belongings n. 所有物；财产 3．defend vt. 保护；保卫→defence n. 防御；保卫 4．legal adj. 法律的；合法的→legally adv. 合法地→illegal adj. 不合法的 5．surround vt. 围绕；包围→surrounding adj. 周围的→surroundings n. 周围的事物；环境 拓展变形 目录 6．evident adj. 清楚的；明白的；显而易见的；显然的→evidence n. 证据；证明 7．achieve vt. 完成；达到→achievement n. 成就；成绩；达到 8．locate vt. 位于，坐落于→location n. 地方；地点；位置 9．fascinate vt. 使着迷，使神魂颠倒→fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的 10．announce vt. 宣布；通知；声称→announcement n. 公告，通告；宣布→announcer n. 广播员 11．sure adj. 确信的，可靠的→ensure vt. 保证；确保；担保 目录 12．generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→generosity n. 慷慨，大方；宽宏大量 13．eager adj. 热切的；渴望的→eagerly adv. 热心地；急切地→eagerness n. 渴望；热心 14．greet vt. 问候；迎接→greeting n. 问候，招呼；贺词，祝福 15．crowd n. 人群；一群人；民众　vt. 挤满；使……拥挤→crowded adj. 拥挤的 目录 用所给词的适当形式填空 1．___________ by trees and flowers, the ___________ of the cottage are quite beautiful.(surround) 2．I hold the firm belief that you are bound to ________ your dream of being admitted to a key university, which will give you a wonderful sense of _____________．(achieve) 3．There was a ________ look on the little girl's face because a ________ problem ________ her.(puzzle) Surrounded surroundings achieve achievement puzzled puzzling puzzled 对点过关 目录 4．It was ________ that all the ________ we collected proved him to be guilty.(evident) 5．Mary __________ to her teammates that she was to marry a Chinese boy. The __________ of their marriage would appear in the local newspaper next week. (announce) 6．When it comes to basketball, I prefer playing in ________ (defend)． 7．The baggage hall was ________ (crowd) and noisy. 8．He was told to pack up all of his letters and personal _________ (belong)． 9．I couldn't hide my ________ (eager) to get back home. 10．What I really amazed is that they even have ________ (greet) ceremonies. evident evidence announced announcement defence crowded belongings eagerness greeting 目录 1.join ... to ... 把……和……连接或联结起来 2．break away (from sb/sth) 脱离；背叛；逃脱 3．belong to 属于 4．as well as 同(一样也)；和；还 5．keep your eyes open (for) 留心；留意 6．work together in some areas 在某些领域合作 7．be referred to as Britain or Great Britain 被称为英国或大不列颠 短语忆背 * 目录 8．take over the job 接管这项工作 9．date back to Roman times 追溯到罗马时代 10．countless historic sites 无数的历史遗迹 11．have a great influence on its people and traditions对它的人民和传统有很大的影响 12．a feast for the eyes 一场视觉盛宴 13．be dotted with sheep and cattle 牛羊点缀其中 * 目录 用左栏合适的短语填空 1．Young as Charles was, he ____________ as chief executive of this company. 2．Only then did I realize that it was so foolish of me to ________________ all of my friends and never contact them. 3．Please ______________________ opportunities, for they wait for no man. 4．Today, I'm honored to be here to share with you the benefits of sports ____________ my personal experiences. 5．Chinese, Maths, English, Physics, Chemistry and Biology all ____________ the College Entrance Examination subjects. 6．The city ____________ small lakes, natural and artificial. took over break away from keep your eyes open for as well as belong to is dotted with 对点过关 目录 1.句式：what引导宾语从句 原句：The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain，England—many people are confused by what these different names mean.[P40] 联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——这些不同的名称是何意思，许多人感到困惑。 2．句式：if any省略结构 原句：So what is the difference between them, if any？[P40] 那么，如果这些名称有区别的话，区别何在？ 3．句式：过去分词短语作后置定语 原句：They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.[P40] 像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。 句式忆背 目录 4．句式：have sth done 原句：They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system.[P41] 他们在英格兰四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。 5．句式：with复合结构 原句：The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.[P44] “绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。 目录 根据左栏句式和中文提示完成句子 1．我很好奇你们课间休息的时候聊了些什么？ I am curious about __________________________ during the break time? 2．请告诉我，如果有人要来的话，有多少？ Please let me know how many are coming, _______________？ 3．那个穿红衣服的女孩是我妹妹，她刚从国外归来。 The girl ___________________________ red is my sister, who has just come back from abroad. what were you chatting about if any dressed in 对点过关 目录 4．上星期我请人把前门刷了油漆。 I ________________________ last week. 5．由于他们仍旧气喘吁吁、心跳飞快，他们相信刚刚所发生的事是真的。 As they were still breathless, ________________________________， they were convinced that what had happened just now was true. had the front door painted　 with their hearts beating wildly 目录 · 用本单元词汇表中的词句和方框内的短语补全短文，并诵读！ 语篇诵读1 Friendly Shandong Shandong is a unique place with rich culture and a ________ (显著地；引人注目地) beautiful ________ (风景). Come with me to explore this ________ (迷人的) place. (be) immersed in; look like; in high spirits; pass down; regard ... as strikingly landscape fascinating 目录 · Our first stop is Qufu, where __________ (孔子) was born. It was the great _________ (哲学家) who founded Confucianism that has had a profound effect on ________ (个人) ________________ (和；同) our society throughout history. The locals all ________ themselves ________ (把……看作) the ________ (后代；后裔) of Confucius and feel it their duty to protect the culture, so they still keep many old­fashioned ________ (风俗) ________________ (传承) from the ________ (祖先；祖宗)． Confucius philosopher individuals as well as regard as descendants customs passed down ancestors 目录 · To know more about Chinese culture, Mount Tai is the best choice. Seen from a distance, it ____________ (看起来像) a masterpiece in a _______ (画廊), offering tourists a ________ (感官的) _______ (盛宴). Besides, sacred Mount Tai served as one of the most important ceremonial _______ (地点；位置) over 3，000 years ago. Sources say 72 emperors came here to thank gods for their blessing, report the ____________ (成就；成绩) they made and pray for a peaceful life without ________ (战役) and diseases. looks like gallery sensory feast locations achievements battles 目录 · Geographically, Shandong is __________ (围绕；包围) by the sea on three sides, with beautiful scenery and clean beaches, making it one of the hottest destinations, particularly during Qingdao International Beer Festival. The moment you step on the land, you will be ________ (迎接) by the mild ________ (海洋的) climate with a ________ (气息) of the festival in the air. Everywhere you go, in the ________ (酒吧), on the beaches or streets, the ________ (人群) are ________________ (情绪高涨), drinking ________ (啤酒) and eating various ________ (小吃). When ____________ (沉浸于) the ________ (王国) of joy, watch your weight! Next episode, we will go to another ________ (港口) city—Weihai. ____________________ (留意), and don't miss it! surrounded　 greeted oceanic scent pubs crowds in high spirits beer　 snacks immersed in kingdom port Keep your eyes open 目录 · 译文 友好山东 山东是一个独特的地方，有着丰富的文化和极美的风景。来跟我一起去探索这个迷人的地方吧。 我们的第一站是孔子的出生地——曲阜。正是这位伟大的哲学家创立了儒家思想，自古以来儒家思想对个人和我们的社会都有深远的影响。当地人都把自己看作是孔子的后代，认为保护儒家文化是他们的责任，所以他们仍然保留着许多从祖辈传承下来的旧式习俗。 译文 目录 · 想要更多地了解中国文化，泰山是最好的选择。从远处看，它看起来像画廊里的一副艺术杰作，为游客提供了一场感官盛宴。此外，圣山泰山在3，000多年前就是最重要的仪式场所之一。有资料记载，72位皇帝曾来到这里感谢神灵的庇护，报告他们所取得的成就，祈求没有战争和疾病的和平生活。 地理上，山东三面被大海环绕，风景秀丽，海滩干净，使它成为最热门的旅游目的地之一，特别是在青岛国际啤酒节期间。当你踏上这片土地的那一刻，迎接你的是温和的海洋气候，空气中弥漫着节日的气息。无论你去到哪里，在酒吧，在海滩上还是街道上，人们兴高采烈，喝着啤酒，吃着各种小吃。但当沉浸在这快乐的王国时，也要注意你的体重！ 下一集，我们将去另一个港口城市——威海。睁大眼睛，不要错过！ 译文 目录 · 语篇诵读2 Yumen Pass God is unfair. He _________ (慷慨地) gives all the best to the south, but a vast barren desert to the northwest. ________________ (与……相比) the wildness here, South China is like a landscape painting ________ (遍布；点缀) with green hills and clear waters. But Yumen Pass is relatively lucky. It was reborn and finally entered a glorious era when the state of Han __________ (宣布) the policy to trade with the Western Regions. come along with; live up to; puzzle out; compare with/to generously Compared with/to dotted announced 目录 · Located in a crucial geographical ____________ (位置) along the Silk Road, Yumen Pass ________ the Western Regions ________ (将……和……连接起来) the Central China, making it a key border town for trade and ________ (军事的) ________ (防御). The Silk Road brought a temporary prosperity when businessmen gathered here, trading for ________ (牛), ________ (酒), silk and other goods with no ________ (货币). However, good times didn't last long. ________ the prosperity ____________ (和……一起来；伴随而来) the Huns (匈奴), who were like hungry ________ (咆哮的) beasts. They _________ (逼近；靠近) the small town with weapons, on horses, ________ (卷起) up the sand. We can't go back to the field where ________ (最重要的；最高级别的) general Huo Qubing and his armies ________ (冲锋) at enemies to ________ (确保) that the ________ (附近的) people could live peacefully and that the country they ____________ (属于) could remain unified. position joined to military defence cattle wine currency With came along roaring approached rolling chief charged ensure nearby belonged to 目录 · Nor can we witness how the Huns were ________ (征服). However, we can picture the soldiers' ________ (渴望) to end the wars from large ________ (数量) of poems. As the ________ (诗人) Wang Zhihuan put it, “Why should the Mongol flute complain no willow grow? Beyond the Gate of Jade no vernal wind will blow.” Yumen Pass, silent in the dead sand, disappeared in the ________ (转变) of dynasties. Still, we can ____________ (推测出) from the historical ________ (证据) that it ___________________ (履行；不辜负) its mission.  conquered eagerness amounts poet transition transition puzzle out evidence　lived up to 目录 · 译文 玉门关 上天是不公平的。他慷慨地把最好的都赐给了南方，却把广阔的贫瘠沙漠给了西北。与这里的荒凉相比，华南就像一幅山水画，青山绿水遍布其中。但玉门关相对幸运。当汉朝政府宣布与西域通商的政策时，它得到了重生，并最终进入了一个辉煌的时代。 译文 目录 · 玉门关位于丝绸之路的重要地理位置，连接了西域和中原，是贸易和军事防御的边境重镇。丝绸之路带来了一时的繁荣，商人们聚集在这里，在没有货币的情况下进行牛、酒、丝绸和其他商品的交易。然而，好景不长。伴随着繁荣而来的是匈奴人，他们就像饥饿的咆哮的野兽。他们带着武器逼近了这个小镇，马蹄飞扬，卷起黄沙。诚然，我们不可能回到那个战场上，在那里霍去病大将军率部冲向敌人，以保障周边的人民可以安宁地生活，而且他们所属的国家能够保持统一。我们也无法见证匈奴人是如何被征服的。然而，我们可以从大量的诗歌中想象出士兵们对战争结束的渴望。正如诗人王之涣所言：“羌笛何须怨杨柳，春风不度玉门关。” 玉门关，沉寂在死沙中，消失在朝代更迭中。尽管如此，我们依然可以从历史证据中推测出它已经履行了自己的使命。 译文 目录 目录 · 1.surround vt. 围绕；包围→surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的→surroundings n. 周围的事物；环境 [语基护航]　单句语法填空 ❶The ____________ (surround) fascinating landscape nearly took my breath away. ❷It is wise to surround yourself ____________ people who have a high level of self­discipline. surrounding with 目录 · [落笔华章]　完成句子 ❸你可以给我一些关于如何适应陌生环境的实用建议吗？(应用文写作之求助信) Would you please give me some practical advice on ________________________ ___________________________? ❹环绕于青山绿水之间，有着干净整洁的小路、配套齐全的房间，这个村落别有一番景象。(读后续写之环境描写) ____________________________________and clear water, the village takes on a special look, with neat paths and furnished houses. how to adapt to the unfamiliar surroundings Surrounded by green mountains 目录 · 归纳拓展 •surround ... with ... 用……包围/围绕…… be surrounded by/with ... 被……包围 •surrounding area/cities 近郊/周边城市 目录 · 2.charge n. 收费；指控；主管　vt. 收费；控告；充电；向(……)冲→charger n. 充电器；袭击者；控诉者 [语基护航]　单句语法填空 ❶Your replacement card will be produced free ____________ charge. ❷I wonder how much you will charge me ____________the six－week course. ❸He ____________ (charge) with stealing a car last week, which made all of us puzzled. of for was charged 目录 · [落笔华章]　完成句子/一句多译 ❹张着血盆大口，这只凶猛的饿狼突然跳起来，冲向我，就快要一口把我吃掉。(读后续写之动作链描写) Opening its bloody mouth, the fierce hungry wolf sprang to its feet suddenly, ____________________ and was about to eat me up in one gulp. ❺我将负责一个主题班会，旨在向外国人介绍中国传统文化。(应用文写作之咨询信) ____________________________________________ designed to introduce traditional Chinese culture to foreigners.(in charge of) ＝_________________________________________ designed to introduce traditional Chinese culture to foreigners.(take charge of) charged at me I will be in charge of a theme class meeting I will take charge of a theme class meeting 目录 · 归纳拓展 •free of charge＝for free 免费 in charge of 掌管(表示状态) take charge of 掌管(表示动作) in the charge of 被……掌管；由……负责 •charge sb with (doing) sth＝accuse sb of (doing) sth 指控某人犯……罪 charge sb money for sth 因某事/物收某人钱 charge at 向……发起冲锋；冲向 目录 · 3.amount n. 金额；数量　v. 总计，共计；相当于，等于 [语基护航]　单句语法填空 ❶A large amount of money ____________ (spend) on the construction of the school last year. ❷Large amounts of information ________________________ (update) in the past minutes. ❸It was tiring work, but I looked forward to the pay, even though I wasn't sure how much it would amount ____． was spent have been updated to 目录 · [落笔华章]　完成句子 ❹为了保持健康，有规律的适量锻炼是相当必要的。(应用文写作之建议信) In order to keep healthy, _____________________________________________ _________________________________． ❺青少年吃垃圾食品的数量逐年上升，这逐渐损害了他们的健康。(应用文写作之健康话题) ______________________________________________ year by year, which gradually ruins their health. it is necessary to take a proper amount of exercise regularly The amount of junk food teenagers eat goes up 目录 · 归纳拓展 •the amount of ... ……的数量 a large/small amount of＋[U]＋v.(单数) large/small amounts of＋[U]＋v.(复数) •amount to 共计，总计；等于，相当于 目录 · 4.approach n. 方法；途径；接近　vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理　vi. 靠近 [语基护航]　单句语法填空 ❶____________ (approach) the valley, he found an approach ____________ the village at the foot of the mountain. [落笔华章]　完成句子/一句多译 ❷简颤抖着站起来，向丈夫走去，扑进他的怀里，在他的肩膀上哭个不停。(读后续写之动作链描写) Jane got to her feet shakily, ____________________ and threw herself into his arms, sobbing uncontrollably on his shoulder. Approaching to approached her husband 目录 · ❸中秋节快到了，我想邀请你和我们一起过节。(应用文写作之邀请信) _______________________________________, I'd like to invite you to join us in celebrating it.(approach vi.) ＝________________________________________, I'd like to invite you to join us in celebrating it.(approach n．) ＝_____________________________________, I'd like to invite you to join us in celebrating it.(approach vi.) With the Mid－Autumn Festival approaching At the approach of the Mid－Autumn Festival The Mid­Autumn Festival is approaching 目录 · 归纳拓展 •the approach to (doing) sth (做某事的)方法/途径 at the approach of 在快到……的时候 •with ... approaching 在快到……的时候 be approaching 正在/将要接近 approach sth/sb 接近某物/某人 [发散归纳]　“(做)……的方法”搭配： ①the approach to (doing) sth; ②the way to do/of doing sth; ③the means/method of (doing) sth。 目录 · 5.eager adj. 热切的；渴望的→eagerly adv. 热心地；急切地→eagerness n. 渴望；热心 [语基护航]　单句语法填空 ❶Not having enough cooking experience, we are eager ____________ your timely help. ❷I looked at the poet straight in the eyes and longed to know the truth with ____________ (eager)． for eagerness 目录 · [落笔华章]　完成句子 ❸知道你渴望学习做一道中国菜，我写信给你推荐一道。(应用文写作之推荐信) Knowing that ____________________________________, I'm writing to recommend one to you. ❹当这个男孩被问及是否想要一个生日礼物的时候，他无法掩饰他的渴望。(读后续写之心理描写) When asked whether he wanted a gift for his birthday, ________________________ _______________________． you're eager to learn to cook a Chinese dish the boy couldn't hide his eagerness 目录 · 归纳拓展 •be eager to do sth 渴望做某事 be eager for sth 渴望得到某物 •with eagerness 热切地；急切地 hide one's eagerness 掩饰某人的渴望 目录 · 6.break away (from sb/sth) 脱离；背叛；逃脱；突然离开 [语基护航]　用break的相关短语填空 ❶You must ________________________such a bad habit. ❷Fred has given me no good reason for wanting to ________________our friendship. ❸When I got home, I found my house ____________ and some money stolen. ❹He was charging his mobile phone when the fire ____________． ❺It was much annoying that she constantly ____________ during our conversation. break away from break away from broken into broke out broke in 目录 · [落笔华章]　语段填空/完成句子 ❻你应该远离阻碍你实现生命里所希望完成的目标的一切事情。勇敢地走出人群，把空间留给生命中真正重要的东西。(读后续写之主题升华) You should _____________________________________________ of what you hope to accomplish in your life.Be brave enough ________________________________ and make room for what really matters in your life. ❼听到这个消息，他崩溃了，眼泪顺着脸颊流了下来。(读后续写之心理描写) He _________________ at the news, tears pouring down his cheeks. break away from everything that stands in the way to break away from the crowd broke down 目录 · 归纳拓展 break off 脱离；分离；中断；折断 break down 出故障；失败；垮掉；分解 break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等) break into 强行闯入；突然……起来 break out (战争、火灾等)爆发；突发(无被动语态) break up 解散；拆分；分手；结束；放假 目录 · 7.belong to 属于；是……的成员；是……的组成部分→belong vi. 应在(某处)；适应，合得来→belonging n. [U]归属；[pl.]所有物；财产 [语基护航]　单句语法填空 ❶Language is a gift ____________ (belong) to humans. ❷Having sold most of his ____________ (belong), he almost had nothing left in the house. belonging belongings 目录 · [落笔华章]　完成句子 ❸每个人都渴望成功，而成功只属于有准备的人。(读后续写之主题升华) Everyone has a desire for success while success only _________________________________________． ❹正是由于我慷慨善良的同学们我才有了归属感。(应用文写作之演讲稿) It is because of my generous and kind－hearted classmates that _______________________． belongs to those who are well prepared I feel a sense of belonging 目录 · 归纳拓展 a sense of belonging 归属感 [名师点津]　belong to 没有被动语态和进行时态，作非谓语时要使用doing形式。 目录 · 8.as well as 同(一样也)；和；还 [语基护航]　单句语法填空 ❶Your wife as well as you ____________ (be) friendly and generous, for which I am very grateful. ❷As well as ____________ (eat) a five－course meal, they drank seven bottles of wine. is eating 目录 · [落笔华章]　完成句子 ❸是您的努力和专业的指导让我取得了很大的进步。(应用文写作之感谢信) __________________________________________________________ that helped me make great progress. ❹我们的班主任和五名学生代表被邀请在昨天的成人礼上发表演讲。(应用文写作之活动介绍) Our headteacher ______________________________________________________ at yesterday's coming­of­age ceremony. ❺她泪如泉涌，心也要碎了。(读后续写之情感描写) Tears welled up in her eyes, and her heart seemed ________________________． It was your great efforts as well as your professional guidance as well as five student representatives was invited to deliver a speech to be torn as well 目录 · 归纳拓展 •as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分，如名词、形容词、动词、介词，意为“和……”，连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数与as well as 前面的主语保持一致(就远原则)。 •用作介词时，as well as相当于 besides，in addition to，意为“除……之外”，后面通常接名词或动名词，尤其是位于句首时。 •as well意为“也，还”，常位于句末，无须用逗号隔开。 目录 · 9.if条件状语从句的省略形式 [教材原句]　So what is the difference between them, if any？[P40] 那么，如果这些名称有区别的话，区别何在？ [语基护航]　单句语法填空 ❶He hoped more people could volunteer to help the people in need if ________________________ (possibility)． possible 目录 · [落笔华章]　语段填空/句式转换 ❷如果你方便的话，我们早上8：30在校门口外见面。如果不方便，让我知道什么时候最适合你。(应用文写作之邀请信) If it's convenient for you, let's meet at 8：30 am outside the school gate. ___________________________________． ❸如果是这样的话，我真诚地邀请你和我的家人一起庆祝中秋节；如果不是这样的话，我会向你推荐一些附近的迷人的景点。请提前告诉我你的决定以便我可以做出进一步的安排。(应用文写作之节假日活动) ________, I sincerely invite you to celebrate the Mid－Autumn Day with my family. ____________, I will recommend some nearby fascinating scenic spots to you. Please inform me of your decision in advance so that I can make further arrangements. If not, let me know what time suits you best If so If not 目录 · ❹If it is necessary, our school will provide the students with the language training courses.(应用文写作之活动介绍) →________________________, our school will provide the students with the language training courses.(省略句) If necessary 目录 · 归纳拓展 •if any (如果有的话)是一个省略句，相当于if (there be) any ... •if not 如果不是这样的话 if so 如果是这样的话 if ever 如果曾经有的话 if necessary 如果有必要的话 if possible 如果可能的话 目录 · 10.with复合结构 [教材原句]　The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.[P44] “绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。 [语基护航]　单句语法填空 ❶With too much work ____________ (do), I suffer from anxiety and can't sleep well at night. ❷With more and more forests _________ (damage), some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out. to do damaged 目录 · [落笔华章]　完成句子/一句多译 ❸完成了所有的准备工作，他高兴地跳了起来，眼中闪烁着兴奋的光芒。(读后续写之动作描写) ____________________________________, he jumped with joy, his eyes glittering with excitement. ❹他扑进了妈妈的怀里，羞愧掺杂着尴尬的泪水喷涌而出。(读后续写之情感描写) He threw himself into his mother's arms ___________________________________ ______________________．(并列句) With all the preparations made and tears of shame and embarrassment welled up in his eyes 目录 · ＝He threw himself into his mother's arms, _________________________________ _________________________________．(with复合结构) ＝He threw himself into his mother's arms, _________________________________ _____________________________．(独立主格结构) with tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in his eyes tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in his eyes 目录 · 归纳拓展 with复合结构在句中作状语和定语，其结构为： •with＋宾语＋to do(表示将来的动作) •with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动或进行) •with＋宾语＋done(表示被动或完成) •with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj./adv. 目录 目录 阅读理解的推理判断类试题中，观点态度推断题也是高频考点。解答此类试题时，首先要知晓表达观点态度的常用词汇；其次，要明确答题方向，避免张冠李戴；最后还必须要掌握一定的推断技巧。其具体内容如下： * 目录 •三类词汇 1.支持、赞同、乐观类 favorable/approving 赞成的； positive 积极的； 肯定的； supportive 支持的； optimistic 乐观的； hopeful 充满希望的 2.客观、中立类 objective 客观的； neutral 中立的； uninteresting 不感兴趣的； indifferent 漠不关心的； conservative 保守的；unclear不确定的 3.反对、否定、批评、怀疑、悲观类 critical 批评的； impractical不切实际的； negative 消极的； disappointed 失望的； doubtful 怀疑的； disapproving 不赞成的 •答题方向 1.推断作者对某事物所持的观点态度。 2.推断文中人物对文中提及的人或事物的观点态度。 •推断技巧 1.利用文章或段落主旨进行推断(对于社会、文学与艺术类说明文要特别关注首尾段)。 2.利用文中人物所说的话语进行推断，言出必有因。 3.利用文中表示情感态度的词句及文章语言的褒贬进行推断。 4.切忌用自己的观点代替作者或文中人物的观点。 * 目录 限时：9分钟　正确率： ________ (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·D)On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. * 目录 This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. * 目录 But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. * 目录 In a follow－up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn't the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision－making are enormous. 语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“群体智慧”效应的相关研究，包括这一效应的基本逻辑、相关的研究过程和发现以及这些研究的重要意义。 语篇导读 * 目录 1．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A．The methods of estimation. B．The underlying logic of the effect. C．The causes of people's errors. D．The design of Galton's experiment. 答案： B　段落大意题。通读第二段可知，本段阐述了人们估算的误差并不总是相同的，当这些误差足够多并被平均开来时，它们会相互抵消，就会产生更准确的估算值。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。 答案 * 目录 2．Navajas' study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ______． A．the crowds were relatively small B．there were occasional underestimates C．individuals did not communicate D．estimates were not fully independent 答案： D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent.”和第三段中的“The key finding ... obtained from 20 independent individuals.”可知，第二段提到更准确的估算要求人们的估算是独立的，但第三段提出人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值更准确了，说明即使在估算数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。 答案 * 目录 3．What did the follow－up study focus on? A．The size of the groups. B．The dominant members. C．The discussion process. D．The individual estimates. 答案： C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In a follow－up study ... in their discussion.(在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。)”可推知，后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。 答案 * 目录 4．What is the author's attitude toward Navajas' studies? A．Unclear. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Approving. 答案： D　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Although the studies ... decision－making are enormous. (尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性且存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。)”可推知，作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。 答案 * 目录 行文脉络 * 目录 技法复现 第4题(观点态度推断题) 根据最后一段最后一句“Although the studies ... decision－making are enormous.”可知，作者认为，尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性且存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。由此可推断出作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。 对于Although引导的让步状语从句，我们首先要知晓主句才是重点要关注的内容，再根据我们上面提到的“解题技巧”留意句中表达褒贬的词汇(enormous)，便不难做出判断。 * 目录  障碍词 1．illustrate v. (用示例，图画等)说明，阐明；证明，表明；加插图于 2．correlated adj. 有相互关系的 3．dominant adj. 占支配地位的，占优势的；(基因)显性的；显著的 长难句 The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. 译文：这项研究的重要发现是，当人群被进一步划分为被允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。 分析：本句中第一个that引导表语从句；when引导时间状语从句；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词groups，在从句中作主语。 * 目录 目录 阅读 (2023·云南保山高三统考二模)Cantonese opera (粤剧) is one of the major Chinese opera categories. It is a traditional Chinese art form that originated in southern China's Cantonese culture, and involves music, singing, martial arts, acrobatics and acting. Today it is not only very popular in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hong Kong and Macao, but also performed all around the world. 主题 粤剧的发展历史 难易度 中 建议用时 6分钟 * 目录 Cantonese opera was originally called Nanxi (Southern opera) in the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, and this beautiful art form has pleased audiences for hundreds of years. By absorbing the folk melodies and tunes of Guangdong, and mixing many different opera styles that were popular at the time, Cantonese opera developed during the 16th century. With the unique combination of these different influences, Nanxi was developed into Cantonese opera. * 目录 Cantonese opera is a wonderful mix of storytelling, music and fighting. The performances are often based on well­known traditional stories or events from Chinese history. The colourful sets serve as the background for these performances and actors appear on stage with similarly colourful face paint. Fights are a common and important part of many shows with actors performing difficult and exciting martial arts movements. In the beginning, Cantonese opera costumes reflected the clothing style of the Ming Dynasty. Later, as Peking Opera became increasingly popular, it was strongly influenced by Peking Opera costumes. Costumes were made of cloth and later some accessories (配饰) were added. Different roles require different costumes. For example, an actor playing the Xiaosheng, a very gentle role, wears a costume with long sleeves; while the Xiaowu, an acting role, demands a costume with short sleeves so as to act easily. * 目录 Many well­known operas are still performed today, such as The Purple Hairpin and Reincamation of the Red Plum Flower, which originated in the Yuan Dynasty. Other Cantonese operas are adapted from western movies or novels. Generally, Cantonese opera performers have to master four skills: singing, acting movement, delivery of speeches, and martial gymnastic skills. Because of its long tradition and its importance in the development of Chinese arts and culture, Cantonese opera was included on the UNESCO intangible cultural heritage list in 2009. 语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了粤剧的发展历史。 语篇导读 * 目录 1．Which of the following is NOT the factor in Cantonese opera's development? A．Tunes of Guangdong. B．Different opera styles. C．A variety of dialects. D．Folk melodies. 答案： C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“By absorbing the folk melodies ... during the 16th century.”可知，粤剧是吸收了广东民间的旋律和曲调，融合了当时流行的许多不同的戏曲风格，由此可知，其不包括各种方言。故选C。 答案 * 目录 2．What do we know about Cantonese opera costumes? A．They were originally a reflection of clothing style of Yuan Dynasty. B．They look more beautiful when they are made with more accessories. C．They were designed based on Peking opera costumes. D．Performers choose different costumes according to the roles they play. 答案： D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Different roles require different costumes.”可知，表演者要根据所扮演的角色来选择不同的戏服。故选D。 答案 * 目录 3．What makes Cantonese opera an intangible cultural heritage? A．Its exciting movements and difficult performances. B．Its popularity and development. C．Its colorful sets and face paint. D．Its history and influence. 答案： D　细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，粤剧的悠久历史和重要影响使它入选非物质文化遗产。故选D。 答案 * 目录 4．What's the purpose of the author in writing the passage? A．To prove that Cantonese opera is the most popular opera. B．To inform the readers of the development of Cantonese opera. C．To share the author's experience of seeing a well­known Cantonese opera. D．To make a comparison between Cantonese opera and Peking Opera. 答案： B　推理判断题。通读全文可知，粤剧在明朝出现，在16世纪发展起来，后来随着京剧越来越流行，粤剧的服饰受到了影响，由于其悠久的传统和对中国艺术文化发展的重要性，粤剧在2009年被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录。由此可推知，作者写这篇文章主要是为了讲述粤剧的发展历史。故选B。 答案 * 目录 完形填空 (2023·上海高三一模) The invention of the printing press eventually led to our modern world. What does the printing press do and why is it important? A printing press is any form of technology that applies pressure between an inked surface and a print medium (like paper or cloth). __1__， it is a means of transferring ink from an inked surface to the medium. 主题 印刷术的发展和意义 难易度 中 建议用时 13分钟 * 目录 The modern printing press was an enormous improvement on the __2__system. People used to record by hand using a “pen” and ink or brushing and rubbing repeatedly to achieve ink transfer. Such methods were historically used primarily for texts, which __3__ a small circulation (流通) and a high prize. However, the invention of the printing press __4__ bookmaking and distribution around the world. As the prices of book production fell, less wealthy members of society could suddenly gain access to this former __5__ item. Where was the printing press invented? * 目录 When someone mentions the printing press, the western world will __6__ think of Johannes Guttenberg's revolution in the 15th century. While his invention was a(n) __7__， it wasn't the first printing press to be developed. Actually, its initiation stretches back to the 3rd century in a small number of areas, with its __8__ into wide use during the Tang Dynasty. Despite this fact, Guttenberg __9__ his place in history for the fantastic mass­production of books for the first time. Before his invention, ideas were spread in a(n) __10__ process. That effectively meant access to the printed world was limited to those who could __11__ its high price. Did the Chinese invent the printing press? * 目录 The earliest copy of The Diamond Sutra (《金刚经》) was discovered inside a cave near Dunhuang, which was printed in the 9th century. This text is described as “the earliest complete __12__ of a dated printed book”. Its discovery __13__ what the westerners thought they knew about the development of the printing press. Printing process was heavily __14__ in the 11th century after Bi Sheng, who was born into a common family, developed a form of early movable type. Although little else is known about Bi, his __15__ method of producing hundreds of individual characters was a huge stepping­stone on the path to the modern printing press. 语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印刷术的发展和意义。 语篇导读 * 目录 1．A.For example B．By contrast C．In other words D．As a result 2．A.repetitive B．progressive C．recordable D．previous 答案：C　根据后文“it is a means of transferring ink from an inked surface to the medium”可知，这是对前文“A printing press”的另一种解释。in other words “换句话说”。故选C。 答案： D　根据后文“People used to record by hand using a ‘pen’ and ink or brushing and rubbing repeatedly to achieve ink transfer.”可知，人们过去常常用“笔”和墨水进行手工记录，或反复刷擦，以实现墨水的转移。previous “先前的，以往的”。故选D。 答案 * 目录 3．A.featured B．eliminated C．reversed D．promoted 4．A.discharged B．revolutionized C．prioritized D．implemented 答案：A　根据前文“Such methods were historically used primarily for texts”可知，这种印刷术在历史上主要用于文本印刷，并结合常识可知，其特点应是流通性较小且成本高。feature “以……为特点”。故选A。 答案： B　根据后文“As the prices of book production fell, less wealthy members of society could suddenly gain access to this former __5__ item.”可知，印刷术的发明使得不富裕的阶级能够接触到书本，由此可推知，印刷术改变了书本印刷和发行。revolutionize “完全变革”。故选B。 答案 * 目录 5．A.vigor B．luxury C．visible D．plain 6．A.neutrally B．jealously C．instinctively D．distressingly 答案：B　根据前文“As the prices of book production fell”可知，此处指以往的书本印刷和发行成本较高，对于不富裕阶级来说是奢侈品。luxury “奢侈的”。故选B。 答案： C　根据后文“Despite this fact，Guttenberg __9__ his place in history for the fantastic mass­production of books for the first time.”可知，Guttenberg (古腾堡)的印刷术在历史上影响较为深远，因此，一提到印刷术，西方人会本能地想起他。instinctively “本能地，凭直觉地”。故选C。　 答案 * 目录 7．A.insight B．downturn C．outburst D．breakthrough 8．A.restriction B．investigation C．perception D．adaptation 答案：D　根据后文“Despite this fact，Guttenberg __9__ his place in history for the fantastic mass­production of books for the first time.”可知，Guttenberg的印刷术在历史上影响较为深远，是一个突破。breakthrough “突破”。故选D。 答案： D　根据前文“in a small number of areas”以及后文“into wide use”可知，早期印刷术的使用经历了从小范围使用到大范围使用的改变和适应。adaptation “适应，改变”。故选D。 答案 * 目录 9．A.deserves B．insists C．forecasts D．strengthens 10．A.time­limited B．tech­addicted C．effort­consuming D．money­saving 答案：A　根据后文“for the fantastic mass­production of books for the first time”可知，Guttenberg的印刷术使得图书大量生产，由此在历史上应得到一定的地位。deserve “值得，应受”。故选A。 答案：C　根据后文“That effectively meant access to the printed world was limited to those who could __11__ its high price.”可知，只有那些能够负担得起高昂价格的人才能接触到印刷世界。所以在他的印刷术这一发明出现之前，印刷应该是十分耗时耗力。effort－consuming “耗费精力的”。故选C。 答案 * 目录 11．A.impact B．afford C．revise D．boast 12．A.destruction B．renewal C．survival D．motivation 答案：B　根据后文“its high price”可知，此处表示承担得起高昂的价格。afford “承担得起”。故选B。 答案： C　根据前文“The earliest copy of The Diamond Sutra (《金刚经》) was discovered inside a cave near Dunhuang, which was printed in the 9th century.”可知，《金刚经》是9世纪印刷的，所以是在历史演变过程中幸存下来的印刷本。survival “幸存”。故选C。 答案 * 目录 13．A.inherited B．declared C．misled D．rewrote 14．A.modeled B．fueled C．industrialized D．suspended 答案：D　根据后文“what the westerners thought they knew about the development of the printing press”可知，《金刚经》的发现应是颠覆了西方人所了解的印刷术，改写了印刷发展史。rewrite “改写”。故选D。 答案： B　根据后文“developed a form of early movable type”可知，毕昇发明的早期活字印刷给印刷术的发展带来了刺激和动力。fuel “给……提供燃料；刺激”。故选B。 答案 * 目录 15．A.innovative B．unimpressive C．abnormal D．conventional A　根据前文“developed a form of early movable type”可知，毕昇发展了早期的活字印刷术，这是一种改革和创新。innovative “革新的，创新的”，符合语境。故选A。 答案 * 目录 读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2023·河北校联考高三模拟测试)The Christmas I will never forget happened when I was 9. I believed in Santa with all my heart. How could I not when I received everything I wished for? On December 1st Mom would announce, “It's time.” Hearing those words, we all knew it was time to write our letters to Santa. One day I asked mom why we always wrote our letters on December 1st. She said because so many kids were writing letters to Santa, he needed time to read them and make all the toys the kids wanted. Once our letters were finished, mom would put them in her purse and mail them the next day. * 目录 Christmas Eve finally arrived. We were all so excited. We did our Christmas Eve traditions. Daddy read us The Night Before Christmas story. Then it was time for sleep. I had such a good feeling about Christmas this year. It was difficult to fall asleep. But sleep finally came and so did Christmas morning. I woke up hearing my brothers yelling. Jimmy came running and jumping on my bed. “Santa's been here, sister! Let's open presents！” We ran down the stairs. Our eyes were glowing like wildfire as we eyed over the presents under the tree. My brothers and I quickly snuggled (依偎) among the packages. We all watched as each person unwrapped a gift. I kept watching as my brothers unwrapped gifts. My dad didn't hand me any package. “This year you are going to be the last to get your presents because you are the oldest.” he declared. I didn't think anything of it, so I whispered “OK.” * 目录 One by one all of the packages had been opened. There was none left. I couldn't understand. I had been so good this year. Tears began sliding down my cheeks. I ran up to my room. My mom went up the stairs for me to come back down. Dad wanted to talk to me. Sobbing, I slowly made my way back. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 * 目录 Dad signed to me to follow him. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ The memory of that Christmas stayed with me all these years. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ * 目录 [写作提示] 故事人物 作者、作者的家人 主要事件 作者9岁时和往年一样在12月1日给圣诞老人写信。到了圣诞节早上作者和弟弟们兴奋地围着各种礼物，但随着礼物一个一个被打开，最后却没有作者的，她哭着跑进楼上的房间，妈妈喊作者下楼，作者啜泣着往楼下走。 情节分析 根据续写第一段的提示句“爸爸示意我跟他走。”可知，第一段可描写爸爸带作者去找礼物，以及作者收到礼物后的反应。 根据续写第二段的提示句“这些年来，那个圣诞节的记忆一直萦绕在我的脑海里。”可知，第二段可描写作者在暮年对9岁那年圣诞节的回忆。 写作提示 * 目录 [精彩范文] Dad signed to me to follow him. As we neared the back door, I saw my mom holding a handsome black dog with deep brown eyes. I was frozen like an ice cube. Then I ran to my dad, jumped in his arms and kissed him. My mom approached us and wrapped her loving arms around us, joining in our happy tears of joy. I had never been so happy in all my 9 years as I was at that moment. The dog named Sam was my only gift that year. But I got the best gift. The memory of that Christmas stayed with me all these years. My best friend Sam lived to the old age of 16. I never had children. I am old and weak now and losing my eyesight, but I still have such precious memories of past Christmas with my family. I sit in my rocker on cold winter nights during the holiday seasons and picture my childhood home with its charming Christmas tree, old chimney and letters written to Santa. 答案 * 目录 [提分词汇]　approach v. 接近，靠近； precious memories 珍贵的回忆；picture v. 想象；charming adj. 迷人的 [好句积累] 1．As we neared the back door, I saw my mom holding a handsome black dog with deep brown eyes. (运用了as引导的时间状语从句) 2．My mom approached us and wrapped her loving arms around us, joining in our happy tears of joy. (运用了现在分词作状语) * R $$