考点10 词句猜测——熟词生义-【金版教程】2025年高考英语一轮总复习首选用卷全书Word（新教材）

金版教程　高考总复习首选用卷　英语 基本功扎实练 考点10　词句猜测——熟词生义 (2024·安徽省江淮十校高三联考)Decisions in life are rarely black and white but usually involve shades of gray. At dinner time, the decision you face is not between fasting and eating like a pig, but whether to take that extra spoonful of food. When exams are around the corner, your decision is not between quitting them and studying 24 hours a day, but whether to spend an extra hour reviewing your notes. Economists use the term “marginal changes” to describe minor adjustments to an existing plan of action. In many situations, people make the best decisions by thinking at the margin. Margin means “edge”， so marginal changes are adjustments around the edges of what you are doing. Suppose, for instance, that you ask a friend for advice about how many years to stay in school. If he compares the lifestyle of a person with a Ph.D.to that of a grade school dropout, you might complain that this comparison is not helpful for your decision. You have some education already and most likely are deciding whether to spend an extra year or two in school. To make this decision, you need to know the additional benefits that an extra year in school would offer (higher salaries throughout life and the pure joy of learning) and the additional costs that you would pay (tuition and the forgone salaries while you are in school). By comparing these marginal benefits and marginal costs, you can evaluate whether the extra year is worthwhile. Individuals and firms can make better decisions by thinking at the margin. A rational decision­maker takes action if and only if the marginal benefit of the action exceeds the marginal cost. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了边际思维的定义和功能，并举例说明了边际思维的意义。 1．What does the underlined word “fasting” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Eating or drinking a lot. B．Eating little or no food. C．Eating on a regular basis. D．Eating without appetite. 答案：B　词义猜测题。此处考查熟词生义。根据第一段中的“Decisions in life ... extra hour reviewing your notes.\”可知，生活中的决定很少是非黑即白的，通常都是灰色的。当考试临近时，你的决定不是放弃考试或者一天24小时都在学习，而是是否多花一个小时复习笔记。由此可推知，fasting 在此处与eating like a pig意思相反，应是“节食”的意思。故选B。 2．Why does the author give an example in Paragraph 2? A．To explain marginal thinking. B．To solve real­life problems. C．To evaluate marginal thinking. D．To encourage adjustments. 答案：A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Margin means ‘edge’， so marginal changes are adjustments around the edges of what you are doing.”以及下文的举例可推知，举例是为了解释说明边际变化及边际思维。故选A。 3．What can we infer from the text? A．It is unnecessary to make minor adjustments to plans. B．Comparison makes little sense in decision­making. C．People often weigh up benefits and costs of decisions. D．Marginal changes are controversial among individuals. 答案：C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“By comparing these marginal benefits and marginal costs, you can evaluate whether the extra year is worthwhile.”可推知，人们常常会权衡利弊，从而做出更优的选择。故选C。 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Marginal Thinking Leads to Better Decisions B．Marginal Benefit Goes beyond Marginal Cost C．Rational Thinkers Exist in All Aspects of Life D．Pleasure Results from Effective Comparison 答案：A　标题判断题。通读全文可知，第一段举例说明生活中的边际变化；第二段介绍边际思维的定义及功能；第三段阐述边际思维在实际生活中的应用和意义。A项(边际思维带来更好的决策)最适合作为文章标题。故选A。 (2023·福建省三明市高三期末质量检测)As a classic love movie of the twentieth century, Titanic makes one scene a long­lasting cinematic shot: Jack let go of his hand and sank in the icy seawater, leaving the chance of living to his lover Rose, who finally survived on a wooden door debris (残骸)． More than 100 years since the disastrous event and more than two decades after the earliest release of the movie Titanic, there have been many “door theories”. Audiences debate heatedly over whether or not Jack and Rose could have both fit onto the wooden debris and survived. So, was there room for Jack? In a TV program, hosts Jamie and Adam even did an experiment using an exact replica (复制品) of the wooden piece from the movie, and the two proved that if they had tied Rose's life jacket to the bottom of the door to strengthen its buoyancy (浮力), they would have managed to stay afloat. However, their conclusion was debunked when director Cameron said that the freezing water and Jack's high temperature would have made the life jacket solution impossible. He also said that the debate is beyond the point the movie was trying to make, which is focused on the tragic love story of Jack and Rose, not physics. The largest debris recovered from the real Titanic is now displayed in the Maritime Museum. The museum's website states that a replica was once built for the movie based on the museum's Titanic collection which was known as the “door” used in the death scene. Unfortunately, the size of the debris coupled with the weight of Rose on top could work, but not if Jack's additional weight was added to it. In a word, science has proven that Jack didn't die for nothing and did indeed sacrifice himself to save the love of his life. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电影《泰坦尼克号》上映20多年后，出现了许多“门理论”，认为Jack (杰克)可以活下来，而科学已经证明电影的结局是合理的。 1．What's the purpose of Paragraph 1? A．To lead into the topic. B．To introduce a movie. C．To raise a question. D．To highlight characters. 答案：A　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，本段主要描述《泰坦尼克号》中的一个让人久久不能忘怀的电影镜头：Jack松开手，沉入冰冷的海水中，给他的爱人Rose (罗斯)留下了生存的机会，并结合下文对此场景的讨论可推知，本段的目的是引出话题。故选A。 2．What is the conclusion of Jamie and Adam based on? A．The development of the plot. B．A physics experiment. C．The theme of the movie. D．A heated debate. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，Jamie (杰米)和Adam (亚当)用一个木制的复制品做了一个实验并证明，如果他们把Rose的救生衣绑在门的底部以加强它的浮力，他们会保持漂浮。由此可知，Jamie和Adam的结论是基于他们所做的物理实验。故选B。 3．What does the underlined word “coupled” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Replaced. B．Combined. C．Decreased. D．Increased. 答案：B　词义猜测题。此处考查熟词生义。根据画线词后文“with the weight ... was added to it\”可知，此处指碎片的大小加上Rose的重量可能会起作用，但加上Jack的额外重量就不行了。由此可推知，coupled应为“相加；结合”的意思。故选B。 4．We can infer that the movie's ending is ________． A．unrealistic B．confusing C．reasonable D．surprising 答案：C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Unfortunately, the size of the debris coupled with the weight of Rose on top could work, but not if Jack's additional weight was added to it.”可推知，这部电影的结局是合理的。故选C。 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$