考点9 词句猜测——猜生僻词短语-【金版教程】2025年高考英语一轮总复习首选用卷全书Word（新教材）

金版教程　高考总复习首选用卷　英语 基本功扎实练 考点9　词句猜测——猜生僻词/短语 (2024·贵州省贵阳市高三检测)The term “oniomania”， which is used to describe people with obsessive (强迫性的), problematic shopping and spending behaviors, consists of the Greek words “onios”， meaning “for sale”， and “mania”. Also known as Compulsive Buying Disorder (CBD) and Impulsive Compulsive Buying Disorder (ICBD), oniomania can leave negative impact on your financial health and mental wellbeing if left untreated. At this point you might be wondering: “What's the difference between an oniomaniac and someone who likes to shop perhaps a bit too much？” We tend to believe that the two are rather similar. Clinically (从临床上看), however, they are quite easy to separate. Although people who like shopping will return an item if they do not like it and start budgeting if they run low on money, people suffering from oniomania are no longer able to make reasonable, let alone financially responsible, decisions. They sometimes emotionally dissociate from what they are doing, making their purchases while they are not really sure what to buy. Spending relieves feelings of anxiety and depression, but only temporarily. In a short time, they might become moody, annoyed, and depressed, and their confidence declines sharply. To a certain extent, spending makes everyone feel good. In 2007, a group of researchers from MIT, Stanford and Carnegie Mellon looked at the brains of American consumers via MRI technology and found that when they purchased desirable objects, their nucleus accumbens (伏隔核)—the brain's pleasure center—would light up, indicating a positive stimulation. This stimulation can take on different forms. For instance, some people get particularly excited when they believe they have gotten a good deal. This, researchers say, is the result of the prefrontal cortex—the decision­making part of our brain—interacting with the insula, the part of our brain that processes pain. According to psychotherapist Joyce Marter, compulsive buyers in the US make an average of 156 impulsive purchases per year. Each purchase sets them back around $81.75, making for a grand total of $5，400 per year and a thorough shocking $324，000 per lifetime. That money could have been invested in a home, an education, or other products that you actually need in order to survive and thrive in the world. Ultimately, though, treating oniomania is about much more than just protecting your finances from your own impulses—it's also about maintaining your personal mental health and improving your relationships with others. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“oniomania”的概念和特点，以及购物对人们大脑的刺激和对财务和心理健康的影响，并强调了治疗购物成瘾的重要性。 1．What do we know about oniomania? A．It is a normal behavior. B．It influences people's health. C．It means people who like shopping. D．It describes people's difference. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Also known as ... if left untreated.”可知，oniomania (购物成瘾)可能会影响人们的健康。故选B。 2．What does the underlined phrase “run low on” probably mean? A．Run out of. B．Go short of. C．Look down on. D．Become rich in. 答案：B　词义猜测题。此处考查猜生僻短语语义。根据画线短语前面的内容“Although people who like shopping will return an item if they do not like it”以及“start budgeting”可知，此处构成并列结构，强调非强迫性购物者尽管喜欢购物，但是他们会在不喜欢商品时退货，并在资金短缺时开始预算。画线短语意为“短缺”。故选B。 3．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A．Why many researchers take part in the study. B．How everyone makes a wise decision. C．How desirable objects are well welcome. D．Why shopping makes common people happy. 答案：D　段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，本段主要介绍一个科学发现解释了为什么普通人在购物的时候会感觉到快乐：是因为购物时，他们的伏隔核——大脑的快乐中心——会被激活。故选D。 4．What is the benefit of treating oniomania? A．It is beneficial to education. B．It develops our desires. C．It keeps our mind healthy. D．It is harmful to relationships. 答案：C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Ultimately, though, treating oniomania ... your relationships with others.”可推知，治疗购物成瘾使我们的头脑保持健康。故选C。 (2024·广东省七校联合体高三第一次联考)In the animal kingdom, mimics (模仿) are not rare. Stick insects pretend to be twigs. Hawk moth caterpillars resemble poisonous snakes. The examples, though, are visual. Auditory mimicry is rarer. Danilo Russo of the University of Naples FedericoⅡ thinks he has found a novel case of it, as he describes in Current Biology. Some bats, he believes, mimic angry bees in order to scare away owls that might otherwise eat them. Dr Russo first noticed bat buzzing a few years ago. The noise struck him as similar to the sound of some bees. He wondered whether bat buzzing was a form of mimicry which helped to scare off would­be predators. To test this idea, he and his colleagues first recorded the buzzing that captured bats made. Then, with protective clothing, they began the more dangerous task of recording the buzzing made by different bees. Computer analysis revealed that bees' and bats' buzzing were, indeed, similar. Then the researchers recruited several owls. They put the owls, one at a time, in an enclosure with branches for them to stay on, and two boxes with holes in them. They placed a loudspeaker alongside one of the boxes and, after the birds had settled in, broadcast through it five seconds of uninterrupted bat buzzing and a similar amount of insect buzzing three times in a row for each noise. As a control, they broadcast in like manner several non­buzzing sounds made by bats. During the broadcasts and for five minutes thereafter, they videoed the owls. After analysis, the results were unequivocal. When they heard both the bat buzzing and the bee buzzing, the owls moved as far from the speakers as they could. In contrast, when the non­buzzing bat sounds were played, they crept closer. Dr Russo believes this is the first reported case of a mammal using auditory mimicry to scare away a predator. They strongly suspect, however, that it is not unique. Anecdotes suggest several birds also make buzzing noises when their nests are disturbed. And with the result of the experiment, he therefore predicts that auditory mimicry is far more widespread than currently realized. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Danilo Russo (达尼洛·罗素)认为蝙蝠模仿愤怒的蜜蜂的声音来吓走敌人，为了验证这一想法，他进行了一系列实验。 1．What was Dr Russo's assumption of the study? A．Bats imitate the voice of angry bees to frighten away enemies. B．The buzzing of bats is similar to the sound of some bees. C．Auditory mimicry is rather common in the animal kingdom. D．Only some bats have the capacity of auditory mimicry. 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Some bats, he believes, mimic angry bees in order to scare away owls that might otherwise eat them.”可知，Russo博士对这项研究的假设是蝙蝠模仿愤怒的蜜蜂的声音来吓走敌人。故选A。 2．How did Dr Russo test his idea? A．By consulting experts in this field. B．By referring to other scholars' analysis. C．By collecting computer data. D．By conducting a series of scientific experiments. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，为了验证这个想法，Russo博士和他的同事们记录了捕捉到的蝙蝠和不同蜜蜂发出的嗡嗡声。计算机分析显示，蜜蜂和蝙蝠的嗡嗡声确实相似。再结合第四段和第五段内容可知，Russo博士通过进行一系列的科学实验检验他的想法。故选D。 3．What does the underlined word “unequivocal” in Paragraph 5 possibly mean? A．Disappointing. B．Controversial. C．Definite. D．Uncertain. 答案：C　词义猜测题。此处考查猜生僻词词义。根据画线词后文“When they heard both ... they crept closer.”可知，他们得出的结果是：当猫头鹰听到蝙蝠的嗡嗡声和蜜蜂的嗡嗡声时，它们会尽可能地远离扬声器。当播放没有嗡嗡声的蝙蝠声音时，它们会悄悄靠近，说明结果十分明确清楚。画线词意为“明确的”。故选C。 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．A New Trick to Scare Away Owls B．Animal Mimicry: Buzz off C．A Self­protection Behavior among Animals D．Bats: No More Victim to Owls 答案：B　标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要说明了Danilo Russo认为蝙蝠模仿愤怒的蜜蜂来吓走敌人，为了验证这一想法，他进行了一系列实验。B项(动物模仿：(捕食者)走开)最适合作为文章标题。故选B。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$