Unit 5 Period Ⅱ Learning About Language & Using Language-【高中必刷题】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册同步课件（人教版2019）

02 Period II Learning About Language&Using Language Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar 1 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.It is estimated that one in five cancers have been linked to _________ （chemistry） exposure. chemical 解析 句意为：据估计，五分之一的癌症与接触化学物质有关。设空处修饰名词exposure，应用形容词。故填chemical。 2.The fruits grown by ourselves are more _________ （nutrition） than those sold in the store. nutritious 解析 句意为：我们自己种的水果比商店里卖的水果更有营养。设空处作表语，其前有more修饰，应用形容词。故填nutritious。 3.These fishes typically live between the surface of the ocean and a ______ （deep） of about 3,300 feet. depth 解析 句意为：这些鱼通常生活在海洋表面至大约3，300英尺（约1千米）深的地方。a depth of… 意为“深度为……”。 刷单句填空 2 4.I was ________ （entire） attracted by the beautiful music while listening. entirely 解析 句意为：我听的时候完全被那美妙的音乐给吸引住了。设空处修饰动词attracted，应用副词。 5.____ instance, if he does not like greens, do not force him to eat them by lecturing him about the goodness of greens. For 解析 句意为：比如说,如果他不喜欢绿叶蔬菜,就不要通过唠叨绿叶蔬菜有营养的方式去强迫他吃。for instance意为“例如；比如”。 6.The organisation would further help countries to cooperate in countering transnational crimes （跨国犯罪）, which will ___ turn lead to regional peace and stability. in 解析 句意为： 该组织将进一步帮助各国合作以抵制跨国犯罪，这继而会带来区域的和平与稳定。in turn为固定搭配，意为“相应地；转而”。故填in。 刷单句填空 3 7.Virtual worlds offer us ____ alternative vision of how society might work. an 解析 此处作offer的宾语，vision意为“设想”时，是可数名词，这里为泛指概念，定语alternative的发音以元音音素开头，所以应用不定冠词an。 8.It is essential _____ you understand what type of soil you have in your garden before you improve it. that 解析 句意为：在你改良花园土壤之前，你必须了解你花园里的土壤类型。It为形式主语，设空处应引导主语从句，从句意义完整，不缺少成分，所以应用that引导该从句。 9.We’re looking for a headmaster, one _____ will devote himself entirely to the cause of education. who 解析 句意为：我们正在寻找一位校长，一位将全身心地投入教育事业中的人。____ will devote himself entirely to the cause of education是定语从句，修饰one（指“一个人”）,关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用who。 刷单句填空 4 10.The reason _____ they chose a Chinese company is that China has one of the most advanced technologies of high speed railways in the world. why 解析 句意为： 他们选择一家中国公司是因为中国拥有世界上最先进的高速铁路技术之一。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why。 刷单句填空 5 根据提示补全句子。 1.这些运动反过来又对大脑发育产生积极影响。（turn） These exercises ___ _____ __________ _________ brain development. 2.过了几星期他的疼痛才完全消除。（free） It was several weeks before he was ___________ _____ ___ _____. 3.他不想公开赞扬或批评这项提议。（either… or…） He didn’t want to go on the record as ______ ________ ___ __________ the proposal. 4.这远不如戴维所料想的那么痛苦。（nowhere near） It was _________ _____ ___ _______ ___ David had expected. in turn positively influence completely free of pain either praising or criticising nowhere near as painful as 刷单句表达 6 5.他不仅精力充沛地跑了进来，而且他的笑声还像以前一样响亮！ （not only… but also…） _____ _____ ____ ____ ____ ___ with energy, but also his laughter could be heard as loud as ever! Not only did he run in 6.恰巧在我们的春假期间，市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙。 ___ _________ _____ ____ ______ __________ needed eight kids for temporary help during our spring break. It happened that the plant downtown 刷单句表达 7 在空白处填入1个适当的单词。 1.______ impresses the foreigners most is the friendliness of the Chinese people. What 解析 句意为：令外国人印象最深的是中国人的友好。设空处引导主语从句，意为“……的东西”，故用what引导该从句。 2.______ she will leave for London hasn’t been decided, maybe tomorrow, or maybe next week. When 解析 句意为：她什么时候动身去伦敦还没有决定。也许明天，或者也许下周。设空处引导主语从句，根据maybe tomorrow, or maybe next week可知，此处表示“什么时候”，用when引导该主语从句。 3.___ is known to us that smoking is harmful to our health. It 解析 句意为：众所周知，吸烟对我们的健康有害。本句中的that引导主语从句，设空处作形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语，故填It。 刷单元语法 8 4.______ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing. What 解析 句意为：众所周知，2008年奥运会是在北京举行的。____ is known to us all是主语从句,从句中缺少主语，意为“……的事情”，故用what来引导。 5.____ is known to us, the earth revolves around the sun. As 解析 句意为：众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。逗号前为定语从句，逗号后为主句，此处表示“正如”，故用as来引导该从句，as指代整个主句。 6.It is obvious _____interviewers are often influenced too much by their personal prejudices. that 解析 句意为：很明显，面试官经常过于受他们的个人偏见所影响。分析句子结构可知，It作形式主语，设空处引导主语从句，从句意义完整，不缺成分，用that引导从句，作真正的主语，故填that。 刷单元语法 9 7._________ is fond of his work will work with passion. Whoever 解析 句意为：任何喜欢自己的工作的人都会充满激情地工作。此处考查主语从句的连接词，设空处在从句中作主语，结合句意可知，此处表示“……的任何人”，故设空处应填连接代词Whoever。 8.______ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.[全国新高考Ⅰ] What 解析 句意为：关于这次经历，惊人之处在于那非凡的景色。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“……的事物”，应用what来引导。 刷单元语法 10 9.This painting is splendid, but ________ we actually need it is a different matter. whether 解析 句意为：这幅画非常好，但是实际上我们是否需要它就另当别论了。but连接两个并列分句，后一个分句中设空处引导主语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，表示“是否”，故填whether。 10.It has been proved _____ having a balanced diet helps to keep healthy. that 解析 句意为：事实证明，均衡的饮食有助于保持健康。分析句子结构可知，It为形式主语，后面的从句为真正的主语，且从句的意义和成分都完整，故用that引导该从句。 刷单元语法 11 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Food loss and waste （FLW） has become a worldwide concern and is 1. . （wide） identified as a key barrier to food security, human health, and environmental sustainability. However, monitoring and analysing FLW reduction 2. . （restrict） by lack of reliable and consistent FLW data very often. A research team led by Prof. Cheng Shengkui from the Chinese Academy of Sciences carried out a survey 3. . addressed the knowledge and data gap of the scale and patterns of FLW from farm to fork in China.4. . （base） on a large-scale field survey along the food chain, households, and restaurants, as well as literature data, the researchers systematically 5. . （map） the production and consumption with FLW of major food products 6. . quantified relevant resources and environmental footprints associated with FLW along the food supply chain. widely is restricted that/which Based mapped and 刷语法填空 12 They found that the 7. . （large） amount of FLW was found at the postharvest handling and storage stage （45%）, and the consumption stage also contributed to the total FLW with 8. . share of 17%.The land, water, carbon and nitrogen footprints associated with total FLW were found 9. . （be） similar to those of a medium-sized country. This work provides a first estimate of the patterns and scale of FLW along China’s food supply chain. It highlights the 10. . （important） of better primary data to inform FLW reduction actions and ensure food security and sustainability. largest a to be importance 刷语法填空 13 1._______ widely 解析 句意为：粮食损失和浪费已成为全世界关注的问题，被普遍认为是粮食安全、人类健康和环境可持续性的主要障碍。设空处作状语，修饰动词identified，应用副词。故填widely。 2.___________ is restricted 解析 句意为：然而，由于缺乏可靠一致的粮食损失和浪费数据，监测和分析粮食损失和浪费的减少常常受到限制。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据状语very often可知，此处应用一般现在时；主语monitoring and analysing FLW reduction看作一个整体，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填is restricted。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。中国科学院的研究人员进行了一项新研究，首次估算了中国食品供应链中粮食损失和浪费的模式和规模，该研究有助于提高粮食安全和可持续性。 刷语法填空 14 3.__________ that/which 解析 句意为：由中国科学院成升魁教授领导的研究小组开展了一项调查，填补了关于中国从田间到餐桌粮食损失和浪费的规模和模式的知识和数据空白。设空处引导限制性定语从句，且关系词在从句中作主语，先行词为survey，故用that或which引导该从句。 4._______ Based 解析 句意为：根据对食物链、家庭和餐馆的大规模实地调查以及文献数据，研究人员系统地绘制了主要食品的粮食损失和浪费的生产和消费情况图，并量化了食品供应链中与粮食损失和浪费相关的资源和环境足迹。be based on为固定搭配，表示“基于”，此处在句中作状语，应用非谓语形式。故填Based。 刷语法填空 15 5.________ mapped 解析 句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语，map在此处用作及物动词，表示“绘制……的地图”，结合语境可知，此处叙述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，注意map的过去式要双写字母p。故填mapped。 6._____ and 解析 句意见第4题解析。设空处连接两个并列的谓语mapped和quantified，应用并列连词。故填and。 7._______ largest 解析 句意为：他们发现，采后处理和储存阶段的粮食损失和浪费量最大（45%），消费阶段也占粮食损失和浪费总量的17%。设空处修饰名词amount，结合空前的the和句意可知，此处表示最大量，应用形容词的最高级。故填largest。 刷语法填空 16 8.___ a 解析 句意见上一题解析。此处share作名词，表示“一份”，a share of… 为固定搭配，表示“……的份额”。故填a。 9.______ to be 解析 句意为：研究发现，与粮食损失和浪费总量相关的土地、水、碳和氮足迹与一个中等国家相似。be found to do sth为固定表达，意为“被发现/查明做某事”，此处不定式作主语补足语。故填to be。 10.___________ importance 解析 句意为：它强调了更优质的原始数据的重要性，以便指导减少粮食损失和浪费的行为，并确保粮食安全和可持续性。设空处作动词highlight的宾语，应用名词。故填importance。 刷语法填空 17 【方法总结】注意语法填空中的词性活用 语法填空中的词性活用通常有两种情况：一种是带有提示词的设空，所给提示词有多个词性或是词性活用的情况，例如名词动用或动词作名词等，如本篇的第5题；另一种是无提示词的设空，需要判断空后单词的词性，如本篇的第8题。在遇到这种题时，如果只着眼于这一个空，很容易因为对词性的固有印象而作出错误判断，例如第5题中，学生会误将map判定为名词，却忽视了句中缺少谓语成分这一条件。解答此类题目时，首先要结合整句话以及上下文来理解句意，划分句子结构，判断设空处在句中所作的成分，由此判断提示词应该使用什么词性，然后再对其进行变形，填写相应的形式。平时在练习的过程中，同学们也可以多积累这种词性活用的词。 刷语法填空 18 02 Period II Learning About Language&Using Language Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练 19 [全国新高考Ⅰ2023年1月·浙江] According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed （安装） has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them. Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil. “Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment （InSPIRE） project.“They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators （传粉昆虫）. 刷阅读理解 20 Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S.agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms. Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction.“These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick. 刷阅读理解 21 1.What do solar developers often ignore?( ) B A.The decline in the demand for solar energy. B.The negative impact of installing solar panels. C.The rising labor cost of building solar farms. D.The most recent advances in solar technology. 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them可知，太阳能开发者没有仔细考虑过他们在太阳能电池板下面放的东西，再根据Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds.The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.可知，太阳能开发者在安装太阳能电池板时用小石子填满整个区域，用化学品来控制杂草生长，结果太阳能农场破坏了土壤。由此可推知，太阳能开发者经常忽略了安装太阳能板带来的负面影响。故选B项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了用一种更加友好的方式建立一种新型的太阳能农场，这种新型的农场更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫，从而促进农业的发展。 刷阅读理解 22 2.What does InSPIRE aim to do?( ) C A.Improve the productivity of local farms. B.Invent new methods for controlling weeds. C.Make solar projects environmentally friendly. D.Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas. 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development… in a way that is kinder to the land.可知，InSPIRE旨在减少太阳能项目对环境的影响，使其更加环保。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 23 3.What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4?( ) A A.To conserve pollinators. B.To restrict solar development. C.To diversify the economy. D.To ensure the supply of energy. 解析 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use.可知，这些法律都与保护传粉昆虫栖息地和使用农药相关，由此可推知，这些法律的目的是保护传粉昆虫。故选A项。 刷阅读理解 24 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text?( ) D A.Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B.Solar Energy: Hope for the Future C.InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D.Solar Farms: A New Development 解析 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction.可知，太阳能农场在过去的几年里已经得到了很大的发展，更重要的是太阳能农场也变得更加环保，这将是未来发展农业的新趋势，再结合全文对太阳能农场的发展过程的介绍可推知，本文主要是介绍太阳能农场。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 25 Chip Paillex, a banker, had never planted so much as a window box until he moved to rural Pittstown.. .1. . by farms, he quickly became interested in growing and rented a 30-by-30-foot plot. One weekend, he . .2. . tomatoes, potatoes and eggplants—enough to feed his family. He ended up with so much . .3. . that he couldn’t give it away. But he found a local food . .4. ., and by the time he delivered his last harvest, he had . .5. . 120 pounds of fresh vegetables. The following year, with a handful of . .6. . and a memorable name—Grow-a-Row—Paillex planted, . .7. ., and harvested 2,500 pounds of vegetables, all of which he donated to the food bank. Later he had more volunteers, rented more land and donated more vegetables. Paillex also welcomes local schoolkids. On a Friday morning in May, 40 third and fifth graders trooped onto a freshly ploughed field, each . .8. . with a spade （铁锹）.Squatting or kneeling in teams of two, they loosened the dirt, then carefully positioned the plants. Several rows later, they eagerly lined up to seed corn under a hot mid-morning sun. Nobody . .9. .. 刷完形填空 26 “The . .10. . exposes kids to the idea that there are people . .11. .,” says Paillex, “and it plants the seed for giving back. When they become tomorrow’s . .12. ., they will be much more likely to . .13. . their co-workers and employees to get involved in something like this.” “Paillex makes people want to . .14. .,” says Colleen Duerr, a mother of two who has signed on as an . .15. . Grow-a-Row staffer.“And families love this. Paillex has given us a way to raise our kids with a giving heart.” 刷完形填空 27 1.( ) A.Trapped B.Occupied C.Prevented D.Surrounded D 解析 根据下文的he quickly became interested in growing and rented a 30-by-30-foot plot可知，帕耶被农场包围着，故选D项。 2.( ) A.set B.planted C.wrapped D.cooked B 解析 根据上文的he quickly became interested in growing可知，此处是指帕耶种植了很多西红柿、土豆和茄子。故选B项。 3.( ) A.advice B.produce C.cost D.equipment B 解析 前面提到的tomatoes、potatoes和eggplants属于农产品，故选B项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。帕耶种植了大量的蔬菜，并把它们捐给粮食银行，而且他还招募了很多志愿者参与种植，甚至带领当地的孩子参与这个活动，让孩子们知道这个世界上还有人需要帮助，从而学会给予。 刷完形填空 28 4.( ) A.bank B.market C.shop D.room A 解析 根据下文的all of which he donated to the food bank可知，帕耶找到了一家当地的粮食银行，故选A项。 5.( ) A.donated B.sold C.found D.kept A 解析 根据下文的all of which he donated to the food bank可知，帕耶是把新鲜的蔬菜捐给了粮食银行，故选A项。 6.( ) A.neighbours B.employees C.volunteers D.tourists C 解析 根据下文的Later he had more volunteers, rented more land and donated more vegetables.可知，此处是指一些志愿者帮了帕耶的忙，故选C项。 刷完形填空 29 7.( ) A.delivered B.stored C.bought D.tended D 解析 根据空前的planted和空后的and harvested 2,500 pounds of vegetables可知，此处是指帕耶种植、照料并收获了2,500磅（约1,134千克）的蔬菜，故选D项。tend意为“照料；照管”。 8.( ) A.compared B.combined C.filled D.armed D 解析 根据空后的with a spade可知，此处是指每个孩子都配备了铁锹。arm sb with sth意为“为某人配备某物”。故选D项。 9.( ) A.laughed B.complained C.argued D.competed B 解析 根据上文的Several rows later, they eagerly lined up to seed corn under a hot mid-morning sun.可知，此处是说没有人抱怨，故选B项。 刷完形填空 30 10.( ) A.programme B.example C.lesson D.thought A 解析 根据上文可知，孩子们参与了种植的项目，故选A项。 11.( ) A.at war B.in anger C.on business D.in need D 解析 根据语境可知，此处指这个世界上有很多需要帮助的人。in need意为“有困难的；有需要的”。故选D项。 12.( ) A.farmers B.workers C.leaders D.performers C 解析 根据下文的they will be much more likely to ____ their co-workers and employees to get involved in something like this可知，这些都是等到孩子们成为领导者的时候做的事情，故选C项。 刷完形填空 31 13.( ) A.force B.encourage C.beg D.assist B 解析 根据语境可知，此处是指当孩子们成为领导者的时候，就更有可能鼓励同事和职员参与这样的事情。故选B项。 14.( ) A.grow B.relax C.settle D.help D 解析 根据下文的“And families love this.Paillex has given us a way to raise our kids with a giving heart.”可知，帕耶让人们想要帮助他人，故选D项。 15.( ) A.unpaid B.unexpected C.unseen D.unknown A 解析 根据下文中的Paillex has given us a way to raise our kids with a giving heart.可知,这位母亲认为帕耶让自己懂得用一颗奉献的心抚养孩子，所以这个组织的员工是没有报酬的，故选A项。 刷完形填空 32 $$