Unit 5 Period Ⅰ Reading and Thinking-【高中必刷题】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册同步课件（人教版2019）

英语 选择性必修 第一册 RJ 1 选择性必修第一册 Unit 5 Working the Land 2 01 Period I Reading and Thinking Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar 3 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water ________ （short）. shortage 解析 句意为：树木遭受水资源短缺最严重的地方是大树死亡最多的地区。设空处作suffered的宾语，water shortage意为“用水短缺”。故填shortage。 2.An official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the ___________ （assume） that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors’ centres. assumption 解析 句意为：一位官员把一些复印件交给了公园管理部门，认为他们可以为其中一个游客中心制作一张不错的放大图。on the assumption that 意为“假设；假定”，为固定短语。 刷单句填空 4 3.Thanks to science, we learn to tell the difference between fantasy and _______ （real）. reality 解析 句意为：多亏了科学，我们学会了区分幻想和现实。设空处与fantasy并列，由between… and… 连接，应用名词。故填reality。 4.It would not matter if these misjudgements were just a matter ___ people’s opinions. However, they have real impacts. of 解析 句意为：如果这些误判只是人们的观点问题，那也没有关系。然而，它们有实际的影响。a matter of… 意为“……的问题”。 5.The tool is comprised ___ four key components that guarantee the final effects. of 解析 句意为：该工具由保证最终效果的四个关键部件组成。be comprised of… 意为“包括；包含；由……组成（或构成）”。 刷单句填空 5 6.If you want to succeed, be devoted ___ the job after finding the proper way to do it. to 解析 句意为：如果你想成功，在找到合适的方法后，要全身心地投入工作中。be devoted to为固定搭配，意为“致力于”。故填to。 7._______ （give） that she was really interested in children, teaching was a proper career for her. Given 解析 given that为连词，可以用来引导从句，意为“考虑到”，句首单词首字母应大写，故填Given。 8.It ____________ （estimate） that by 2050, this country’s population will have increased by 30 million and close to 80% will live in urban areas. is estimated 解析 句意为：据估计,到2050年,这个国家的人口将增加3，000万,而且接近80%的人口会生活在城市地区。it is estimated that… 意为“据估计……”，为常用句型。 刷单句填空 6 9.______ I’m concerned about most is how we can collect a huge amount of money in such a short time. What 解析 句意为：我最关心的事是我们如何在这么短的时间内筹到这么多钱。____ I’m concerned about most是主语从句，从句中缺少介词about的宾语，指“……的事情”，应用What引导。 10.___ remains doubtful whether this is an important discovery. It 解析 It在此是形式主语，真正的主语是whether引导的从句。故填It。 刷单句填空 7 根据提示补全句子。 1.他们确信数据的准确性，坚持自己的意见。（convince） __________ ___ ____ _________ ___ the data, they stuck to their opinion. Convinced of the accuracy of 2.当你在国外时，尽可能多地了解当地人，你会发现克服文化差异会更容易。（overcome） Know as much as possible about the local people when you are abroad and you will _____ ___ ______ ___ __________ the cultural difference. find it easier to overcome 3.传统的耕作方法是否能用于盐碱地还有待观察。（remain; conventional） ___ ________ ___ ____ _____ ________ ____ ____________ ________ ________ can be used in saline and alkaline land. It remains to be seen whether the conventional farming methods 4.这是我们第二次成功地举行如此重要的会议。（succeed） It was the second time that ____ _____ __________ ___ ________ such an important meeting. 5.只要有一点耐心，你就会成为和我们校长一样受欢迎的老师。（as+adj.+a+n.+as） Just have a little patience, and you will become ___ ________ ___ _______ ___ our headmaster. we had succeeded in holding as popular a teacher as 刷单句表达 8 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Yuan Longping, known as the “father of hybrid rice”, was 1. . leading figure in the rice-growing world, devoting his life to working the land. Born in 1930, Yuan Longping graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. 2. . concerned him most was that farmers often had poor 3. . （harvest） and even suffered from food shortage.4. . （convince） that he could find ways to increase the rice output, Yuan 5. . （overcome） enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice. Today, it is estimated that about 60% of domestic rice consumption in China 6. . （generate） from Yuan’s hybrid strains. Thanks 7. . his research, people have more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. Although his hybrids had made him wealthy, Yuan cared little for celebrity or money. Instead, he made large donations to support 8. . （agriculture） research. What impressed people most was that Yuan had the ongoing ability 9. . （fulfil） his dreams. Even in his later years, Yuan was still young at heart and full of 10. . （visible）, and we were expecting what he would dream up next. a What harvests Convinced overcame is generated to agricultural to fulfil vision 刷课文改编填空 9 1.___ a 解析 figure在此处意为“人物”，是可数名词，此处是指“袁隆平是一个领先人物”，所以应用不定冠词限定,且leading的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 2.______ What 解析 设空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指“……的事情”，故用What引导该从句。 3.________ harvests 解析 harvest表示“收成；收获量”时，是可数名词，设空处前无限定词，故用复数形式。 4.__________ Convinced 解析 be convinced that意为“确信”，分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语，应用非谓语形式，故用形容词作状语。故填Convinced。 刷课文改编填空 10 5._________ overcame 解析 设空处为谓语动词，根据语境，此处指发生在过去的事情，所以应用一般过去时。 6.____________ is generated 解析 分析句子结构可知，设空处是从句的谓语。“百分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由of后的名词决定。generate与从句主语之间是被动关系，且描述现在的情况，所以应用一般现在时的被动语态。 7.___ to 解析 thanks to意为“多亏”。 8.___________ agricultural 解析 设空处修饰名词research，应用形容词。故填agricultural。 刷课文改编填空 11 【知识拓展】常用不定式作后置定语的名词 被修饰词是抽象名词时，其后常用不定式作后置定语，常见的该类名词有：ability、chance、hope、wish、attempt、promise、way、plan、effort、patience等。如：The programme affords young people the chance to gain work experience.这个项目给年轻人提供了获得工作经验的机会。 9.________ to fulfil 解析 ability为抽象名词，其后常接不定式作后置定语，ability to do sth意为“做某事的能力”。 10._______ vision 解析 设空处作介词of 的宾语，be full of sth意为“充满某物”，故应用名词。vision意为“眼力；远见卓识”时，为不可数名词，故填vision。 刷课文改编填空 12 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Jia Sixie was one of the leading agronomists （农学家） in Chinese history. In the late years of the Northern Wei Dynasty, he wrote Qimin Yaoshu, the 1. . （early） and most complete agricultural encyclopaedia still in existence in China. Jia Sixie was born in Yidu County in Shandong Province. During his childhood, Jia’s family wasn’t wealthy, but had 2. . rich collection of books. This provided the young Jia with an opportunity to read 3. . （wide） ancient Chinese literature on agriculture. He completed Qimin Yaoshu during the wars, 4. . he saw the sufferings of the poor farmers. He firmly believed that the 5. . （develop） of agriculture could help those farmers out. The book, which has 92 chapters in 10 volumes and nearly 120,000 characters, 6. . （cover） a wide range of topics and records on production experience and methods. It includes advice on farming, fishery and sideline occupations. In the book, he emphasised the importance of seed breeding in order to cultivate better 7. . （variety）. earliest a widely when development covers varieties 刷语法填空 13 Qimin Yaoshu was first distributed mainly among common people. In the late Tang Dynasty, the book was introduced to Japan. So far, the book 8. . （translate） into several languages.Qimin Yaoshu is considered 9. . an important summary of farming knowledge. At present, it is still studied by Chinese farmers and students 10. . （major） in agriculture. has been translated as majoring 刷语法填空 14 1._______ earliest 解析 句意为：北魏末年，他撰写了中国现存最早、最完整的农业百科全书《齐民要术》。设空处与most complete并列，共同修饰名词短语agricultural encyclopaedia，根据空前的定冠词the及后面的still in existence in China可知，此处表示“最早的、最完整的农业百科全书”，应用形容词最高级。故填earliest。 2.___ a 解析 句意为：童年时，贾家并不富裕，但藏书丰富。a collection of是固定短语，意为“一批；一系列”，rich的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 3._______ widely 解析 句意为：这给年轻的贾思勰提供了一个广泛阅读有关农业的中国古代文献的机会。此处在句中作状语，修饰动词read，应用副词。故填widely。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国著名农学家贾思勰撰写的《齐民要术》，包括这本书对中国古代农业及全球范围的影响。 刷语法填空 15 4.______ when 解析 句意为：他在战争期间完成了《齐民要术》，当时他看到了贫苦农民的苦难。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为wars，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用when引导该从句。 5.____________ development 解析 句意为：他坚信农业的发展可以帮助那些农民摆脱困境。分析句子结构可知，此处在that引导的宾语从句中作主语，且被定冠词the和介词of的短语修饰，应用名词。故填development。 6._______ covers 解析 句意为：该书共10卷92篇，将近12万字，涵盖了广泛的话题和有关生产经验和方法的记录。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语，主语The book为单数，且该句陈述一般事实，因此应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。故填covers。 刷语法填空 16 7.________ varieties 解析 句意为：在书中，他强调了育种的重要性，以培育出更好的品种。根据句意可知，此处表示“培育更好的品种”，指不止一个品种，表示复数概念，因此须使用名词复数。故填varieties。 8.__________________ has been translated 解析 句意为：到目前为止，这本书已被翻译成几种语言。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语So far可知，应使用现在完成时，主语the book为单数，且与translate之间为被动关系，因此须使用现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been translated。 刷语法填空 17 9.___ as 解析 句意为：《齐民要术》被认为是农耕知识的重要总结。consider sb/sth as sth为固定搭配，意为“把某人/某物看作某物”，此处是其被动形式。故填as。 10._________ majoring 解析 句意为：目前，它仍然是中国农民和农业专业学生的研究对象。此处major是动词，major in表示“主修……专业”。分析句子结构可知，该句已有谓语is studied，设空处作后置定语，修饰students，应用非谓语动词，major in与其逻辑主语students之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填majoring。 刷语法填空 18 01 Period I Reading and Thinking Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练 19 A Hunger is a very real problem around the globe. Every year, around 9 million people die of hunger. Why do people still die of hunger when there’s more than enough food in the world? Well, considering that there are places in the world where basic needs like housing and clean, drinkable water are not met, then it doesn’t come as a surprise that food is just not available to them. The food exists—it just doesn’t get to where it needs to be. Nigerian farmer Samson Ogbole decided to go ahead and cultivate （培育） fruit and vegetables in a different way. Ogbole’s farming process is mainly about two concepts: soilless farming and aeroponics （空气种植法）.To put it simply—he’s growing food in the air. As Ogbole explained during a TED talk, aeroponics is the future of agriculture because it offers many benefits. For example, it is cheaper than traditional farming because there is no need to hire as many workers since everything is done with a “click”.Also, this kind of farming is more environmentally friendly since farmers don’t use pesticides. At the same time, there are no space limitations—planting in the air means you can plant as many layers as you like. The sky is the limit—literally! 刷阅读理解 20 So, the young farmer has been practising aeroponics for more than five years with impressive results. His work was recently praised on social media this summer when he was featured in a post. In the post, Ogbole’s farming method was mentioned, and Internet users had the chance to see pictures of the farmer’s produce. Many viewers think southern Nigeria needs this method to grow crops. This will help in bringing down the price and avoiding future food crisis. It seems that people are already realising that this method will change the way people grow food. And, most importantly, it will help solve some of the issues related to hunger around the world. 刷阅读理解 21 1.What does the figure in Paragraph 1 show?( ) A A.The seriousness of hunger. B.The number of hungry people. C.The necessity of growing food in the air. D.The existing population problem. 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，饥饿是全世界面临的一个非常现实的问题，第一段中的数字around 9 million显示了死于饥饿的人非常多，这表明饥饿问题很严重。故选A项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲的是尼日利亚农民萨姆森·奥博尔用一种新的方式——空气种植法，种植水果和蔬菜。 刷阅读理解 22 2.Why do people still starve to death in the world according to the text?( ) D A.There is not enough food supply. B.Their basic needs are not met. C.They have no scientific planting methods. D.Food is not equally shared. 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的The food exists—it just doesn’t get to where it needs to be.可知，世界上食物分配不均是导致饥荒的原因。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 23 3.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?( ) B A.The theory of aeroponics. B.The advantages of aeroponics. C.The process of growing food in the air. D.The downside of traditional farming. 解析 主旨大意题。根据第四段中的As Ogbole explained during a TED talk, aeroponics is the future of agriculture because it offers many benefits.以及后面举的例子可知，第四段主要介绍了空气种植法的优点。故选B项。 刷阅读理解 24 4.What’s the viewers’ attitude towards Ogbole’s farming method?( ) C A.Doubtful. B.Disapproving. C.Positive. D.Indifferent. 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Many viewers think southern Nigeria needs this method to grow crops.This will help in bringing down the price and avoiding future food crisis.可知，许多观看者认为，尼日利亚南部需要这种方法来种植作物。这将有助于降低粮食价格，避免未来的粮食危机。由此可推知，他们很看好该种植方法，持积极态度。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 25 核心词汇 1.limitation n.［C,常用复数］局限性；不足之处 ［U］限制；制约 2.produce n.［U］农产品 vt.产生；出产；引起；造成；制作 熟词生义 practise 熟义：vi.& vt.练习；实践 生义：vt.实行；奉行 vt.& vi.从事（医务工作、律师职业等） 刷阅读理解 26 B In what is believed to be a world first, University of South Australia researchers have designed a self-sufficient solar-driven system that evaporates （使蒸发） seawater and recycles it into fresh water, growing crops without any human involvement.It could help address global food shortages in the decades ahead, with the world’s population expected to reach 10 billion by 2050. Professor Haolan Xu and Dr Gary Owens from UniSA’s Future Industries Institute have developed a vertical floating sea farm which consists of two chambers （室）: an upper layer similar to a glasshouse and a lower water harvesting chamber. “In this case, clean water is supplied by a collection of solar evaporators that absorb the seawater, trap the salts in the evaporator body and, under the sun’s rays, release clean water vapour into the air which is then concentrated on water belts and transferred to the upper plant growth chamber,” Dr Owens says. 刷阅读理解 27 The system, which is powered only by solar light, has several advantages over other solar sea farm designs currently being trialled, according to Professor Xu.“Other designs have built evaporators inside the growth chamber which takes up valuable space that could otherwise be used for plant growth. Also, these systems are very likely to suffer from overheating and crop death,” Professor Xu says. “In our design, the vertical distribution of evaporators and growth chambers decreases the device’s overall footprint, maximising the area for food production. It is fully automated, low cost, and extremely easy to operate, using only solar energy and seawater to produce clean water and grow crops.” Dr Owens says their design is only proof of concept at this stage, but the next step is to scale it up using a small collection of individual devices to increase plant production. Meeting larger food supply needs will mean increasing both the size and number of devices. 刷阅读理解 28 1.What can the vertical floating sea farm system do?( ) B A.Address the problem of sea pollution. B.Help deal with the problem of food shortages. C.Raise awareness about global food safety. D.Assist fishermen with intelligent fishing techniques. 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的It could help address global food shortages in the decades ahead, with the world’s population expected to reach 10 billion by 2050.可知，垂直浮动海洋农场系统可以在未来几十年内帮助解决全球粮食短缺问题。故选B项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种自给自足的太阳能驱动系统，通过蒸发海水并将其回收为淡水，实现无人介入的农作物种植。这种系统有助于解决未来几十年全球粮食短缺的问题。 刷阅读理解 29 2.What does Paragraph 3 focus on?( ) C A.The make-up of the system. B.The distinct advantages of the system. C.The working principle of the system. D.The application prospects of the system. 解析 推理判断题。第三段主要介绍该系统的工作原理，即“收集海水——留存盐分——利用太阳光形成水蒸气——将水蒸气输送到上层植物生长室中”。由此可知，本段主要讲的是系统的工作原理。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 30 3.Compared to other solar sea farm designs, the vertical sea farm ___. B A.is more difficult to maintain B.makes the most of the space C.relies on seawater for operation D.is likely to be affected by crop loss 解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的Other designs have built evaporators inside the growth chamber which takes up valuable space that could otherwise be used for plant growth.可知，其他的设计是在生长室内建造蒸发器，这占用了原本可以用于植物生长的宝贵空间。由此可知，与其他太阳能海洋农场的设计相比，垂直海洋农场更好地利用了空间。故选B项。 刷阅读理解 31 4.What does the underlined phrase “scale it up” mean?( ) A A.Expand. B.Reduce. C.Revise. D.Promote. 解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的their design is only proof-of-concept at this stage可知，他们的设计现阶段只是概念证明，再根据画线处后的using a small collection of individual devices to increase plant production和Meeting larger food supply needs will mean increasing both the size and number of devices.可知，下一步要提高植物产量。满足更大的食品供应需求意味着要扩大设备的规模和数量。所以画线词的意思是“扩大；扩展”。故选A项。 刷阅读理解 32 长难句分析 结构分析：that absorb the seawater… the upper plant growth chamber为that引导的定语从句，修饰主句中的solar evaporators；该从句中包含三个并列谓语。 句意：欧文斯博士说：“在这种情况下，清洁的水由一批太阳能蒸发器提供，这些蒸发器吸收海水，将盐分留存在蒸发器体内，在太阳光的照射下将清洁的水蒸气释放到空气中，然后将其集中在水带上并输送到上层植物生长室中。” 刷阅读理解 33 核心词汇 1.involvement n.参与；插手 2.consist of 由……组成 3.trap vt.留存，储存；困住 n.陷阱；圈套 4.concentrate vi.& vt.（使）集中于；（使）汇集于 vi.& vt.集中（注意力） 5.trial vt.& vi.测试；试验 n.试验；试用；审判 构词法 drive vt.驱动；推动 solar-driven adj.由太阳能驱动的 刷阅读理解 34 Over the past few years, nutritional trends have grown in numbers, as more and more people are becoming aware of the positive advantages that a healthy and balanced diet can have. So it should come as no surprise that the phrase “clean eating” has been added to the Collins Dictionary.1. . “Clean eating” is the trend that has become popular on the Internet, especially among health and fitness fans. It is a type of diet where people avoid processed （加工过的） foods, such as bacon and white sugar.2. . No chemicals are used to grow organic foods, so they are kept in their natural state and are considered “clean”.Above all, “clean eating” encourages not only a more conscious type of eating, but also a lasting change in lifestyle, such as regular exercise. The trend became more popular when the World Health Organization released its report on processed meat in 2015.3. . It links processed meat such as hams, bacon and sausages to cancer. So now many people are feeling anxious. A D E 刷7选5 35 4. . Dietitians （营养学家） have noticed an increase in the number of women becoming weak and getting anaemia （贫血症）.Some of these women are having a “clean eating” diet. They lack nutrients that come from some processed foods. Experts suggest not only eating a balanced diet of more “clean food” but also taking in a small number of processed foods.5. . It is necessary that people should not feel guilty （惭愧的） if they sometimes have the food that may not belong to “clean food”. A.But what exactly is “clean eating”? B.But how is the phrase added to the dictionary? C.Processed foods made with organic ingredients become more popular. D.Instead, people mostly eat plenty of fruits, vegetables and organic foods. E.The report says eating processed foods can be really harmful to a person’s health. F.In addition, what is important is that people should have a healthy attitude towards foods. G.Some people say “clean eating” helps them control their weight and stay energetic, but not everyone thinks it is a great idea. G F 刷7选5 36 1.___ A 解析 该空上一句说到短语“干净饮食”被收录进柯林斯字典，下一段开始解释什么是干净的饮食。该空应承上启下，提出问题：究竟什么是“干净饮食”呢？故选A项。 2.___ D 解析 设空处前一句解释了“干净饮食”的具体概念，其中avoid processed foods为关键信息，讲人们避免吃加工过的食物，D项中的Instead和mostly eat与avoid相呼应，讲人们通常吃什么样的食物，符合语境。故选D项。 3.___ E 解析 该空前一句说在2015年，世界卫生组织发布了一篇关于加工肉制品的报告，E项（该报告指出食用加工食品对人体健康十分有害）承接上文，解释该报告的内容。故选E项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“干净饮食”的含义、受欢迎的原因及其造成的一些健康问题。最后营养师建议饮食要均衡摄入“干净食物”和加工食品。 刷7选5 37 4.___ G 解析 下文提到一些女士身体虚弱或贫血是因为她们的食物中缺少了来自加工食品的营养成分。由此判断，此处应指“干净饮食”的不足之处。G 项中的but not everyone thinks it is a great idea引出下文。故选G项。 5.___ F 解析 根据下文people should not feel guilty可知，此处谈论的是对饮食的态度。F项（除此之外，重要的是人们应该对食物持有一个正常合理的态度）符合语境。故选F项。 刷7选5 38 核心词汇 1.conscious adj.有意识的；注意到的 2.release vt.公开发表，发布；释放；宣泄 3.link vt.把……联系起来；说明……之间有联系（或关系） 4.lack vt.& n.缺乏 刷7选5 39 $$