Unit 5 Revealing nature 单元限时小卷-【高中必刷题】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册同步课件（外研版2019）

03 单元限时小卷 建议用时：57分钟 1 [浙江浙南名校联盟2024高二期中] Imagine you’re out in a foreign city to find a restaurant for dinner. Dozens of restaurants are strung together, all with appetising menus and similar prices. How to pick the best place for refreshment? If you’re like most people, a simple cue（提示）is likely to affect your choice. You will look for the busiest restaurant with the most diners because its popularity is bound to reflect on the quality of food and service. But is this true? 刷阅读理解 2 In fact, bigger crowds could have come about at random, and here’s why. Early diners with no meaningful cues as to which restaurant to choose may have picked the restaurant casually, for example selecting the place with the nicest name or the prettiest environment. Later passers-by may have misinterpreted their choice as a well-informed decision and blindly followed their example. This could have resulted in a snowball effect, creating a false impression of popularity. In this case, following the example of theirs couldn’t be an ideal dinner choice. Copying other people’s choices or simply going with the crowd is often referred to as “herd behaviour”.It is a frequent occurrence among humans as well as many other animals, a common example being sheep. Indeed, the particularly obedient （顺从的） herd animals even inspired the creation of the term “sheeple”, which combines the words “sheep” and “people” for individuals who tend to follow others. 刷阅读理解 3 Herding can appear to make a lot of sense. I previously discussed the so-called “wisdom of crowds”, which suggests that average judgements of large groups of people often outperform individual choices. Furthermore, following the crowd appears to offer protection and comfort. Finally, following the herd reduces the effort needed to make a personal decision. Herd behaviour, while common and easy to explain, holds significant dangers. Contrary to the so-called “wisdom of crowds”, herd behaviour typically relies on so-called “information cascades”（信息级联）, where people take on others’ beliefs or copy their choices without critically considering the hidden reasons. This frequently leads to the imitation of unreasonable or simply stupid behaviour. 刷阅读理解 4 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了“群体行为”产生的原因，并解释了“群体行为”的概念。文章还强调了从众行为的危险性。 1.What will most newcomers consider when choosing a restaurant?( ) A A.Its popularity. B.Its service. C.Its food. D.Its environment. 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的You will look for the busiest restaurant with the most diners because its popularity is bound to reflect on the quality of food and service.可知，受欢迎程度是大多数新来者选择餐厅时考虑的因素。故选A项。 刷阅读理解 5 2.What can we learn about “herd behaviour”?( ) D A.It inspires people’s creation. B.It contributes to ideal choices. C.It comes from sheep behaviour. D.It reflects people’s group psychology. 解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的Copying other people’s choices or simply going with the crowd is often referred to as “herd behaviour”.及Indeed, the particularly obedient herd animals even inspired the creation of the term “sheeple”, which combines the words “sheep” and “people” for individuals who tend to follow others.可知，“群体行为”意味着模仿别人的选择或随大流，一般形容那些倾向于跟随别人的人，它反映了人们的群体心理。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 6 3.What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about?( ) A A.The benefits of the “wisdom of crowds”. B.The reasons for “herd behaviour”. C.The significance of individual choices. D.The examples of the crowd wisdom. 解析 主旨大意题。根据第五段中的average judgements of large groups of people often outperform individual choices以及Furthermore, following the crowd appears to offer protection and comfort.Finally, following the herd reduces the effort needed to make a decision.可知，本段主要介绍了“群体智慧”的益处，即提供了保护和安慰以及减少个人作决定时所需要的努力。故选A项。 刷阅读理解 7 4.What can be a suitable title for the text?( ) A A.Why You Shouldn’t Follow the Crowd B.How the Crowd Affects Your Choice C.Why “Herd Behaviour” Gains in Popularity D.How You Can Avoid Making Blind Decisions 解析 主旨大意题。本文前三段通过选择餐馆的例子，阐述了盲目跟随他人的选择不一定能选出理想的餐馆；第四段介绍了“群体行为”的定义；最后一段指出，与“群体智慧”不同，“群体行为”会导致不良后果。故本文旨在说明，人们在作决定时不应该有从众行为。A项（为什么你不应该随大流）能概括文章主要内容，适合做本文的标题。故选A项。 刷阅读理解 8 长难句分析 句意：事实上，这些特别听话的群居动物甚至启发了“sheeple”（跟群羊）一词的产生，它由“sheep”和“people”两个词组合而成，表示倾向于追随他人的人。 刷阅读理解 9 [四川成都七中2024高二期中] If you have watched the amazing Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, chances are that you have fallen in love with some winter sports and you’re already making sure your equipment is ready for them.1. . However, there’s another element to get ready for the slopes: your body. Even if you exercise regularly, skiing, snowshoeing or skating challenge your muscles in ways other activities don’t. 2. . Your metabolism（新陈代谢）increases to warm you up. Your heart and lungs also need to work harder to warm air before it enters your body. Depending on the sport, certain muscles may also be used more frequently compared to activities in other seasons. The good news is that most winter sports involve heart endurance, muscle strength and muscle endurance. 3. . D B F 刷7选5 10 But there are still some other things to think about. Skiing and snowboarding are great winter sports that provide a total body workout. 4. . As anyone who has spent time skiing or snowboarding can prove, after a long day on the slopes, the body becomes extremely tired. And that is when injuries are more likely to occur. 5. . Before the winter season, a regular exercise programme should include exercises that get the blood running while challenging the entire body, such as stair climbing or running. The intensity should vary from 20 to 45 minutes at least 3 to 5 days a week. As winter nears, adding a cardio workout（有氧运动）longer in duration but lower in intensity can help increase endurance. A.Maybe you haven’t bought all the equipment. B.Exercising in the cold decreases your body temperature. C.You should take advantage of this opportunity to have a rest. D.Probably, you have got your skis tuned and skates sharpened. E.However, it can be hard on the body the first time you hit the slopes. F.All of them are areas which can be trained before the winter season comes. G.To avoid this, you need to take some time to strengthen your body and improve endurance. E G 刷7选5 11 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何为冬季运动做好热身准备。 1.___ D 解析 根据上文的you’re already making sure your equipment is ready for them及下文的However, there’s another element to get ready for the slopes: your body.可知，设空处应介绍准备好了哪些装备，D项（也许你已经调好了滑雪板，磨尖了冰鞋）符合语境，承接上文，并与下文形成转折。 2.___ B 解析 根据下文的Your metabolism increases to warm you up.Your heart and lungs also need to work harder to warm air before it enters your body.可知，为了让你暖和起来，你的新陈代谢会加快，心脏和肺也更加努力地工作来加热空气，由此可知，B项（在寒冷的天气里锻炼会降低你的体温）符合语境，引起下文。 刷7选5 12 3.___ F 解析 根据上文的The good news is that most winter sports involve heart endurance, muscle strength and muscle endurance.可知，大多数冬季运动都涉及心脏耐力、肌肉力量和肌肉耐力，设空处应对这些方面进行进一步说明，F项（这些都是可以在冬季到来之前进行训练的地方）承接上文，符合语境，并且F项中的them指代上文的heart endurance, muscle strength and muscle endurance。 4.___ E 解析 空前的Skiing and snowboarding are great winter sports that provide a total body workout.说明滑雪和单板滑雪是很好的冬季运动，空后的As anyone who has spent time skiing or snowboarding can prove, after a long day on the slopes, the body becomes extremely tired.说明滑雪和单板滑雪这两项运动是很累人的，设空处应提及这两项运动的不易，E项（然而，当你第一次上斜坡时，你的身体可能会很难受）说明了这一点，承上启下，符合语境。 刷7选5 13 5.___ G 解析 空前的And that is when injuries are more likely to occur.说明在这个时候容易受伤，G项（为了避免这种情况，你需要花一些时间来增强你的体质和提高耐力）介绍了避免受伤的方法，承接上文，且G项中的this指代空前提到的容易受伤这种情况。 刷7选5 14 [湖北武汉部分重点中学2023高二期中联考] As the new year dawned, I was at one of the lowest points of my life. One morning, I sat in a park and . .1. . the sorrows of the past year. After so much loss, I felt a need to give myself to the turning of . .2. .—the snow-covered winter, . .3. . by the unfolding of new life in spring. As I walked home, my New Year’s resolution（决心）took . .4. . in my mind. My resolution became “Less grief, more green” and I looked for ways to put it into action. Therefore, I . .5. . signed up for the Arnold Arboretum training programme for volunteer school field guides. Nancy, the programme director, provided us with several days of . .6. .. I buried myself in the spring curriculum on pollination（授粉）. The thick notebook was . .7. . with information and diagrams about how trees and flowers produce the seeds that make sure the species will . .8. .. While in training, I felt like being a student again. 刷完形填空 15 After weeks of training, it was time to be a . .9. .. When sixty third-graders . .10. . off the yellow school bus for the Flowers Change class, I began to provide outdoor learning experiences for them and gave them a day full of information, excitement, and surprises. Throughout my first spring of . .11. . “Less grief, more green”, my senses came alive and . .12. .. I moved beyond wonder and astonishment about nature to a better . .13. . of it. I learnt about the workings of a child’s mind along with the workings of trees and flowers. I went on to be a proud and enthusiastic Arnold Arboretum field guide for four seasons. I . .14. . carry all that understanding and curiosity about what I don’t know each time I’m out in . .15. .. And I still look at a flower through the eyes of a third-grader. 刷完形填空 16 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了随着新一年的到来，作者决定走出悲伤，给自己定下新年决心：“少一些悲伤，多一些绿色”，并参加了阿诺德植物园的志愿者学校野外向导培训项目。 1.( ) A.stepped away from B.put up with C.made up for D.reflected on D 解析 由the past year可知，此处应是作者仔细思考过去一年令人悲伤的事。step away from意为“远离”；put up with意为“忍受”；make up for意为“弥补”；reflect on意为“仔细思考”。故选D项。 2.( ) A.seasons B.purposes C.directions D.instructions A 解析 句意为：在失去了这么多东西之后，我觉得有必要把自己投入季节的转换中去——白雪覆盖的冬天之后，随之而来的便是春天的新生。由the snow-covered winter, ____ by the unfolding of new life in spring可知，此处表示季节的转换。 刷完形填空 17 3.( ) A.proved B.followed C.required D.decided B 解析 句意见上一题解析。根据常识可知，春天是紧随着冬天而来的。 4.( ) A.effect B.part C.shape D.action C 解析 句意为：当我往家走的时候，我的新年愿望在我的脑海里形成了。由下文My resolution became “Less grief, more green” 可推知，此处是说作者的新年愿望在脑海里形成了。take shape意为“形成”。 5.( ) A.gladly B.hesitantly C.desperately D.anxiously A 解析 句意为：因此，我很高兴地报名参加了阿诺德植物园的志愿者学校野外导师培训项目。由上文My resolution became “Less grief, more green” and I looked for ways to put it into action.可知，作者的新年愿望变成了“少一些悲伤，多一些绿色”，且作者想办法把它付诸行动，故此处是指作者“高兴地”报名参加培训项目。hesitantly意为“犹豫地”；desperately意为“绝望地”；anxiously意为“焦急地”。 刷完形填空 18 6.( ) A.vacation B.conversation C.training D.competition C 解析 句意为：项目负责人南希为我们提供了几天的培训。由后文中的While in training, I felt like being a student again.可知，设空处指培训。 7.( ) A.burdened B.stuffed C.filled D.decorated C 解析 句意为：厚厚的笔记本上记满了关于树木和花朵如何产生种子以确保物种得以延续的信息和图解。由上文I buried myself in the spring curriculum on pollination.可知，作者在上授粉课程，故此处是指作者的笔记本上记满了与课程相关的内容。be filled with意为“充满……”。burden意为“（使）担负”；stuff意为“塞满”；decorate意为“装饰”。 8.( ) A.evolve B.continue C.appear D.return B 解析 句意见上一题解析。由trees and flowers produce the seeds可知，树木和花朵产生种子，让物种能够得以延续。 刷完形填空 19 9.( ) A.teacher B.student C.reporter D.guide D 解析 句意为：数周的培训后，是时候成为导师了。由文章最后一段中的I went on to be a proud and enthusiastic Arnold Arboretum field guide for four seasons.可知，作者是一个导师了。 10.( ) A.kept B.showed C.took D.piled D 解析 句意为：当六十名三年级的学生从黄色校车上蜂拥而出来参加关于花朵变化的课程时，我开始为他们提供户外学习经历，让他们一整天都收获满满，充满着兴奋和惊喜。由When sixty third-graders可知，此处指六十名学生从黄色校车上蜂拥而出。pile意为“蜂拥；拥挤”。 11.( ) A.analysing B.conducting C.reading D.searching B 解析 句意为：在我践行“少一些悲伤，多一些绿色”的第一个春天里，我的思维能力活跃起来，并且有所提升。由上文作者参加授粉课程，努力积累培训知识，最终成为一名合格的导师可知，作者在践行当初的决定。 刷完形填空 20 12.( ) A.existed B.expanded C.arose D.remained B 解析 句意见上一题解析。由空后的I moved beyond wonder and astonishment about nature to a better ____ of it.可知，作者的思维能力有所提升。expand意为“增强”。 13.( ) A.understanding B.experiment C.description D.preparation A 解析 句意为：我不再对大自然感到惊讶，而是对它有了更好的理解。由下文I learnt about the workings of a child’s mind along with the workings of trees and flowers.可知，作者指导别人的时候，对大自然有了更好的理解。 14.( ) A.seldom B.never C.ever D.still D 解析 句意为：每次身处大自然中，我仍然保持着那份理解和对我所不知道的东西的好奇心。由下文And I still look at a flower through the eyes of a third-grader.可知，设空处用“仍然”，与下文构成排比。 15.( ) A.class B.school C.nature D.business C 解析 句意见上一题解析。由下文中的look at a flower可知，此处指作者身处大自然中。 刷完形填空 21 [山东烟台2023高二期末] Whenever celebrations or major events take place, people in Wenxi County, North China’s Shanxi Province, roll out flower-shaped buns（小圆甜糕点）, or huamo, which can date back 1. . the Ming and Qing 2. . （dynasty）, to entertain guests for promising outcomes in the future. “I grew up 3. . （watch） my grandmother and mother make the flower-shaped buns, 4. . I learnt to make huamo after watching them. The buns are always 5. . （close） connected with local folk culture,” says Zhi Jiankang, a provincial inheritor（传承人） of the skill that was named a national intangible cultural heritage in 2008. to dynasties watching and closely 刷语法填空 22 Wenxi huamo has evolved into four categories with more than 200 varieties over the years.6. . （differ） from traditional dough（生面团）modelling that is mostly just for artistic appreciation, huamo will 7. . （eat）by guests after serving the symbolic purpose. In 2006, Zhi filmed a 70-year-old village woman making the traditional food. The 15-minute film, 8. . was recorded by Zhi with the purpose of introducing Wenxi huamo, created a national sensation. From that moment on, huamo made its presence 9. . （feel） across the land. So far, there 10. . （be） two large huamo enterprises and 12 cooperatives in Wenxi, with more than 1,000 locals involved. The annual output value has reached 10 million yuan. Different be eaten which felt have been 刷语法填空 23 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了山西省闻喜县的传统糕点花馍。 1.___ to 解析 句意为：每当举行庆祝活动或发生重大事件时，中国北方山西省闻喜县的人们都会推出花形糕点（花馍），花馍可追溯到明朝和清朝，人们用此招待客人，憧憬美好的未来。date back to为固定短语，意为“追溯到”。故填to。 2._________ dynasties 解析 句意见上一题解析。根据句意可知，此处指明清两个朝代，所以dynasty用复数形式。故填dynasties。 刷语法填空 24 3._________ watching 解析 句意为：我是看着奶奶和妈妈制作花馍长大的，看了之后我学会了制作花馍。设空处作伴随状语，应填非谓语动词，主语I与watch之间为逻辑上的主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填watching。 4._____ and 解析 句意见上一题解析。根据句意可知，设空处前后为顺承关系。故填and。 5._______ closely 解析 句意为：“……花馍总是与当地的民俗文化紧密联系在一起。”该技艺的省级传承人支建康说。该技艺于2008年被评为国家级非物质文化遗产。设空处修饰形容词connected，应用副词，表示“密切地”。故填closely。 刷语法填空 25 6._________ Different 解析 句意为：传统的面团造型大多只是为了艺术欣赏，花馍则不同，它们可以在完成象征意义的用途后供客人们食用。be different from为固定搭配，意为“不同于……”，此处为形容词作状语，置于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填Different。 7._________ be eaten 解析 句意见上一题解析。根据语境可知，主语huamo与动词eat之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。空前有will，故填be eaten。 8._______ which 解析 句意为：这部15分钟的电影由支建康录制，目的是介绍闻喜花馍，这部影片引起了全国轰动。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The 15-minute film，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导该从句。故填which。 刷语法填空 26 9.____ felt 解析 句意为：从那一刻起，花馍出现在全国各地。分析句子结构可知，此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构，设空处应用非谓语动词，presence与feel之间为逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填felt。 10.__________ have been 解析 句意为：到目前为止，闻喜县已有两家大型花馍企业和12家合作社，有1,000多名当地人参与其中。根据时间状语So far的提示可知，本句应用现在完成时，此处为there be句型，谓语应与就近的主语two large huamo enterprises保持一致。故填have been。 刷语法填空 27 [广东“深惠湛东”四校2023高二期中联考] 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 My three children played peacefully in the back yard. This alone should have put me on alert, but the setting was so pleasant that I hung our clothes to dry in the soft breeze and enjoyed the unseasonably warm September afternoon. Our home nestled in a forest of the Northern California foothills, facing a shining lake, with just a few neighbours. It was a good place to raise our children: four-year-old Andre, two-and-a-half-year-old Yvonne, and fourteen-month-old Philippe. From the clothesline I had a clear view of the kids. Philippe was so cute, wearing only a diaper as he was glued to a flower looking at a butterfly. He was always the curious one. 刷读后续写 28 Our dog Jessie was always present, a constant participant in all the family activities. She lay fast asleep, warming herself in the sun. She was really gentle and kind, and her only annoying trait was her tendency to leave the house when I wasn’t looking. But this day, she was to prove her worth. Having hung a whole basket of clothes, I ventured into the house to grab a pile of wet sheets from the washing machine. As I wasn’t in the habit of leaving my children unattended, I returned quickly to my clothesline duty. Just then, I noticed that Jessie had moved away from where she was lying. I exclaimed angrily, “That dog! She’s off again, and we don’t need any more puppies!” Looking around for her but failing to find her, I continued my laundry responsibilities, took a quick survey of the kids and saw, to my horror, that Philippe was missing. To my knowledge, no car and no passer-by had passed the usual paths close to our home. I began to yell his name, trying to stay calm. 刷读后续写 29 注意：续写词数应为150个左右。 I raced up and down the street, but no Philippe!_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Tears streaming down my face, I ran towards Philippe and Jessie.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 刷读后续写 30 【写作提示】 1.材料导读 材料大意 本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了天气很好，作者的三个孩子在后院玩耍，他们的狗也在那里睡觉。作者进屋去取湿床单，留下三个孩子在院子里，回来却发现她的孩子菲利普和狗杰茜都不见了，于是她匆忙去寻找。 故事背景 作者回屋取湿床单，出来发现儿子和狗不见了。 主要角色 作者、菲利普（作者的儿子）、杰茜（作者家的狗） 写作顺序 故事的发展顺序 主要矛盾 作者的孩子菲利普和狗杰茜不见了，作者急忙寻找孩子和狗。 刷读后续写 31 2.续写分析 续写第一段（提示句：我在街上跑来跑去，可是找不到菲利普!） 由第一段提示可知，第一段可描写作者寻找孩子的过程，最终发现了孩子和狗。 续写第二段（提示句：我泪流满面，跑向菲利普和杰茜。） 由第二段提示可知，第二段可描写作者最后找到了孩子，并且知道是她的狗杰茜帮忙看护孩子，没让孩子受伤，所以作者非常感激杰茜。 续写线索 焦急地搜索街道——打算报警——看到孩子在湖边——杰茜保护孩子——检查孩子是否受伤——感谢杰茜 刷读后续写 32 ①动作描写 寻找：search/seek/look for 瞥见，看：glance/catch sight of/see 拥抱：hug/hold sb in one’s arms/embrace ②情绪描写 感谢：express one’s heartfelt gratitude to sb/appreciate one’s doing sth/overflow with gratitude 开心：Happiness and excitement overwhelmed her. ③高级表达 As I lifted the receiver to my ear, I glanced out the window overlooking the lake.（由As引导的时间状语从句） Hands trembling, I picked up Philippe and inspected his little body for any wound and injury, while Jessie jumped happily around us, head up and tail wagging.（由while连接的并列句；独立主格结构） 3.提分词句 刷读后续写 33 【参考范文】 I raced up and down the street, but no Philippe! Having searched the whole street, I went back home to check on the other two kids and call the police. As I lifted the receiver to my ear, I glanced out the window overlooking the lake. There, my little boy was staggering to catch the butterfly, so close to the lake that it seemed as if he would fall into it the next second. Mercifully, Jessie sprang up at his side, pushing him away from danger with her nose, gently and carefully. Tears streaming down my face, I ran towards Philippe and Jessie. Hands trembling, I picked up Philippe and inspected his little body for any wound and injury, while Jessie jumped happily around us, head up and tail wagging. Overflowing with gratitude, I hugged her tightly and kissed her forehead repeatedly. The whole suffering spanned maybe fifteen minutes, but it felt like an eternity for me. Thanks to our dear Jessie, I had Philippe back safely.Jessie was a valued family member, and we really needed her. 刷读后续写 34 核心词汇 1.be bound to… 一定会…… 2.well-informed adj.见多识广的；消息灵通的 进阶词汇 1.appetising adj.引起食欲的；开胃的 2.refreshment n.食物和饮料 3.endurance n.忍耐力 刷读后续写 35 熟词生义 1.string 熟义：n.细绳 生义：vt.把……连在一起 2.tune 熟义：n.曲调；曲子 生义：vt.调整；调节 构词法 1.mis- prefix 坏（或错）的；错误地 misinterpret vt.误解；曲解 2.out- prefix 超过；超过；在外面；向外 outperform vt.胜过；超过 刷读后续写 36 $$