Unit 5 Working the Land-【高中必刷题】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册同步课件（人教版2019）

03 单元限时小卷 1 You know the feeling. You finish a full meal and are like “I’m never eating again.” But then, out comes a beautiful piece of cake. And, you said you were full, but not for dessert! It turns out you really can “make room” for dessert. And there’s a scientific reason why. The thing that gives you room for dessert is called “sensory-specific satiety”.That’s what Dr Rolls, a nutritional scientist, has been studying since the 1980s. Here is how her experiment went. She gave six people a giant plate of spaghetti and told them to eat until they were full. And then, for the second course, she gave them more. Then, she gave them ice cream. On average, after they said they were full on spaghetti, each person could eat just one more ounce of it in their second serving. But when she gave them ice cream, somehow they could eat three times as much. They “made room” for dessert. 刷阅读理解 2 The experiment shows that when you feel full, it’s not necessarily that your stomach is physically full. It’s more about how interested you are in eating more. Sensory-specific satiety is the change in how much you like a food, how much you want to eat, as you’re eating it.“I’ve just had enough of the food; I want something else” is really what sensory-specific satiety is. And that natural ability has a purpose: it’s meant to keep us healthy. It’s going to help to guarantee that we’re going to eat the variety of nutrients that we need. However, it can backfire of course, because if we are presented with a variety of foods, it makes us extra likely to overeat. 刷阅读理解 3 1.What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?( ) A A.To lead to the main topic. B.To make a comparison. C.To amuse the readers. D.To summarise the main idea. 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句And there’s a scientific reason why.可知，第一段是通过一个事例来引出下文的研究，也就是本文的主题——感官特异性饱腹感。故选A项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。实验表明，当你在吃一种食物感到饱的时候，并不一定是因为你的胃饱了，这种现象叫感官特异性饱腹感。 刷阅读理解 4 2.According to Dr Rolls, why did the people “make room” for ice cream?( ) B A.They had a wrong feeling. B.There was a change in the food variety. C.They lied about feeling full. D.The ice cream was more delicious. 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“I’ve just had enough of the food; I want something else” is really what sensory-specific satiety is.以及最后一段中It’s going to help to guarantee that we’re going to eat the variety of nutrients that we need.However, it can backfire of course, because if we are presented with a variety of foods, it makes us extra likely to overeat.可知，人们之所以在吃饱一样食物之后还能吃下别的东西，最关键的原因在于食物的种类发生了变化。故选B项。 刷阅读理解 5 3.What does the underlined word “backfire” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?( ) C A.Consume much energy. B.Discourage people from eating. C.Have the opposite result. D.Produce a helpful effect. 解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的And that natural ability has a purpose: it’s meant to keep us healthy.可知，感官特异性饱腹感这种自然能力是为了让我们保持健康，However后的内容表示语义转折，根据if we are presented with a variety of foods, it makes us extra likely to overeat可知，如果我们面对各种各样的食物，就更容易暴饮暴食，所以画线单词意思是适得其反。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 6 4.In which section of a newspaper may the text appear?( ) D A.Entertainment. B.Education. C.Culture. D.Health. 解析 推理判断题。本文介绍了感官特异性饱腹感这种现象，即当你感到饱的时候，并不一定是你的胃饱了，可能只是想换一种食物吃，最后一段指出，感官特异性饱腹感这种自然能力有助于保证我们摄入所需的各种营养，但也会适得其反，让人们暴饮暴食。由此可知，这篇文章来自报纸的健康版块。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 7 Achievements require proper goal setting if they are to be accomplished.1. . However, goals don’t set themselves, nor do they accomplish themselves. It requires effort from you. So get started, identify what matters to you, set goals, keep going, and achieve your eagerness. 2. . If you don’t regard the outcome as being sufficiently worthwhile then you won’t have the motivation to see your goal through to a conclusion. How we think matters, too. You can’t achieve much with negative thinking. A positive mind with a genuine sense of direction will take you as far as you really want to go. There are no limits for anyone with enough self-belief and a real sense of what they really want from life. Believe you can and you will.3. . Dream high dreams. Don’t be afraid to have a magnificent prospect for yourself that is truly inspiring. Don’t be afraid to have dreams big enough to be just a little bit frightening. Your goals should be big enough to stretch you and inspire the desire within you.4. . Anything easy will not give you a sense of achievement. F C A B 刷7选5 8 Revisit your inner child. Children have no limits to their dreams.5. . The problem is, as we get older we fear losing face if we are seen repeating trial and error. So goal setting starts with pretending you’re a kid again and believing that anything’s possible. A.Believe you can’t and you won’t. B.Be realistic of course but don’t make goals too easy. C.Accomplishing the outcome must really matter to you. D.Most children believe they can achieve anything they want in life. E.What you accomplish will undoubtedly bring a lot to you in the future. F.You can never turn your dreams into achievements without goal setting. G.A big goal should be broken down into a series of smaller goals and activities. D 刷7选5 9 1.___ F 解析 空前提到要想取得成就，就要设立合适的目标；空后提到然而设立目标需要自己的努力，由此可知，设空处应承接上文，讲设定目标的重要性，再引出下文。F项（不设定目标，你永远无法把梦想变成成就）承接上文，说明了目标的重要性，与下文构成转折关系。空后的It指代F项中的goal setting。故选F项。 2.___ C 解析 空后提到了取得成果是努力完成目标的动力，故设空处应强调成果的重要性。由此可知，C项（取得成果对你来说一定很重要）说明了动力源于取得成果，与下文在逻辑上衔接连贯。故选C项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了设定目标时要考虑的几件事。 刷7选5 10 3.___ A 解析 设空处前讲到思维方式的重要性，要想取得成功，积极的心态必不可少。空前一句讲到相信你能，你就会做到，A项（认为你不能，你就做不到）承接上文，与前一句分别从正反两方面说明自信的重要性。故选A项。 4.___ B 解析 前文讲到有宏大的梦想不是一件坏事，你的目标应该足够大，能够激发你的欲望；空后提到简单的事情无法带给人们成就感。B项（当然也要切合实际，但不要把目标设定得太容易）承接上文，说明远大的目标也要结合实际，与下文构成衔接关系，说明目标过于简单带来的负面影响。B项中的easy和空后的easy相呼应，故选B项。 刷7选5 11 5.___ D 解析 根据段首的Revisit your inner child.可知，本段主要介绍保持内心的童真对设定目标的重要性，空前讲到孩子们的梦想是无限的；空后则讲到随着年龄的增长，人们会变得害怕被人看到反复试验从而丢脸。所以，设定目标首先要假装自己还是个孩子，相信一切皆有可能。D项（大多数孩子相信他们可以实现生活中的任何愿望）承接上文，说明保持一颗童心的必要性，呼应了下文的“假装自己是一个孩子”的做法。故选D项。 刷7选5 12 Chris Raven, a former IT professional, found a new career after retirement. As a child, he took a(n) . .1. . to woodwork and music, but his career took a different . .2. ..After retirement, he . .3. . his two loves and became a flute （长笛） maker. Raven . .4. . this unique journey at the age of 70, after decades working in IT.He was . .5. . in a musical family, with both his parents . .6. . in music. He played the flute in his teenage years. And his love for the . .7. . was reawakened in his 40s. Due to a long lack of practice, his woodworking skills has . .8. .. One day, Raven found his old school reports . .9. ., which showed his best subjects were music and woodwork. That led him to . .10. . his passion for the two again. Around the age of 70, he signed up for an Irish flute-making workshop.. .11. ., Raven spends at least four days a week in the workshop, carefully . .12. . each flute. He has . .13. . his skills in woodturning, silverwork, leatherwork, and French polishing. He even cleared out his garage to settle a lathe （车床）, bandsaws, a milling machine and other . .14. .. Raven loves the feel of the wood and the smell of it when he is working. He feels . .15. . with his work, stating, “You could call it a job, but I never think of it as that.” 刷完形填空 13 1.( ) A.excuse B.fancy C.rest D.ear B 解析 根据后文的his two loves可知，他喜欢木工和音乐。take a fancy to意为“喜欢上”。故选B项。 2.( ) A.path B.view C.tone D.seat A 解析 根据上文和空前的but可知，他喜欢木工和音乐，但他的事业却走了一条不同的道路。故选A项。 3.( ) A.showed B.developed C.combined D.quit C 解析 根据下文内容可知，退休后雷文开始自己制作长笛，由此可推知，此处表示他把自己的两种爱好结合起来。故选C项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了生长在音乐家庭的克里斯·雷文在孩提时代就对木工和音乐情有独钟，但他的事业却走上了不同的道路。退休后，他把自己的两种爱好结合起来，成为一名长笛制作者。 刷完形填空 14 4.( ) A.continued B.recognised C.ended D.started D 解析 根据前文的After retirement, he ____ his two loves and became a flute maker.和后文at the age of 70, after decades working in IT 可知，在IT行业工作了几十年之后，雷文在70岁时开始了制作长笛。故选D项。 5.( ) A.educated B.raised C.settled D.engaged B 解析 根据后文的in a musical family, with both his parents ____ in music 可知，他成长在一个音乐家庭。raise意为“养育；抚养”，故选B项。 6.( ) A.involved B.disappointed C.strict D.confident A 解析 根据上文中的a musical family可知，雷文成长在一个音乐家庭，他的父母都是从事与音乐相关的工作。be involved in意为“参与”，故选A项。disappointed意为“失望的”；strict意为“严格的”。 刷完形填空 15 7.( ) A.product B.instrument C.fashion D.tendency B 解析 根据上文内容和空前的He played the flute in his teenage years.可知，他从小喜欢音乐，十几岁时开始练习吹长笛，此处表示他对这种乐器的热情被重新燃起。the instrument指上文中出现的the flute。故选B项。 8.( ) A.functioned B.survived C.sharpened D.declined D 解析 根据空前的Due to a long lack of practice可知，长期缺乏练习导致他的木工技术水平下降了。decline意为“下降；衰退”，故选D项。function意为“起作用”；survive意为“存活”；sharpen意为“提高”。 9.( ) A.with ease B.on purpose C.by chance D.in advance C 解析 根据语境并结合选项可知，此处表示雷文偶然发现了他以前的学校成绩单。by chance意为“偶然”， 故选C项。with ease意为“轻松地”；on purpose意为“故意地”；in advance意为“提前”。 刷完形填空 16 10.( ) A.stir up B.give up C.figure out D.hold back A 解析 根据上文中的his best subjects were music and woodwork可知，他的成绩单让他对音乐和木工的热爱重新燃起。stir up意为“激起”，故选A项。give up意为“放弃”；figure out意为“弄清楚；计算”；hold back意为“控制（情感）”。 11.( ) A.Curiously B.Fortunately C.Finally D.Currently D 解析 根据后文的Raven spends at least four days a week in the workshop可知，雷文开始制作长笛，现在他每周至少花四天时间参加研习班。故选D项。 12.( ) A.observing B.painting C.crafting D.delivering C 解析 根据下文中提到的wood turning, silverwork, leatherwork, and French polishing可知，雷文是手工制作长笛。craft意为“（尤指用手工）精心制作”，故选C项。observe意为“观察；注意到；庆祝”；deliver意为“运送；递送”。 刷完形填空 17 13.( ) A.required B.bettered C.abandoned D.forgotten B 解析 根据上文叙述可知，雷文的木工技艺原本生疏了，他报了研习班，认真制作每一支长笛，所以此处表示他在木工车床加工、银器、皮革制品和法式抛光方面的技能都有所提高。better意为“改善；改进；胜过；超过”，故选B项。 【知识拓展】 better熟词生义 熟义：adj.（good的比较级）更好的；较好的 adv.（well的比较级）更好地；更加地 生义：n.更好的人或事物 vt.改善；改进；胜过，超过；优于 刷完形填空 18 14.( ) A.luggage B.species C.furniture D.equipment D 解析 根据前文的settle a lathe, bandsaws, a milling machine可知，他为了制作长笛安置了车床、带锯、铣床和其他设备。故选D项。 15.( ) A.content B.bored C.honest D.familiar A 解析 根据前文的Raven loves the feel of the wood and the smell of it when he is working.可知，他对自己的工作很满意。故选A项。 刷完形填空 19 For centuries, sunmao structures have been providing strong and lasting support for Chinese wooden architecture, large components of 1. . are often pieced together using these smart structures. The sun and the mao, when 2. . （join） together, support and contain the neighbouring parts. This enhances stability and adds 3. . （flexible） to the architecture. Craftsmen can make and process the components in advance and assemble （组装） them quickly on site, which is 4. . （incredible） simple and efficient. In the Hemudu Site, 5. . （date） back around 7,000 years, hundreds of wooden components with sunmao structures have been unearthed from the remains of houses there. They are the earliest known application of sunmao structures in China to wooden-frame buildings. Since the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, generations of carpenters 6. . （produce） over a hundred types of sunmao structures and a whole set of systematic methods has been invented, from selecting locations and choosing materials 7. . structures, measurements, manufacture and assembly. which joined flexibility incredibly dating have produced to 刷语法填空 20 For the 8. . （craftsman） who have preserved and guarded this heritage, and for the people who have lived in and among the spaces defined by it across China, sunmao structures have always been an important part of Chinese architecture. Their styles may differ, 9. . they all share the same root. Chinese people’s love of nature and pursuit of 10. . （harmony） coexistence also run deep within. craftsmen but/yet harmonious 刷语法填空 21 1._______ which 解析 句意为：几个世纪以来，榫卯结构一直为中国木制建筑提供强大而持久的支撑，建筑中的大型构件往往是用这些巧妙的结构拼凑在一起的。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Chinese wooden architecture，指物，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，应填关系代词which。 2._______ joined 解析 句意为：当榫和卯结合在一起时，可以支撑和容纳相邻的部件。when引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语动词中含有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词，完整的从句是when they are joined together，此处省略they are。故填joined。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代建筑中的榫卯结构。 【知识拓展】 状语从句的省略 在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，可以用省略结构。状语从句的省略必须具备两个条件：（1）从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it；（2）从句的谓语动词含有be动词。此时可以省略从句的主语和be动词。 刷语法填空 22 3.__________ flexibility 解析 句意为：这增强了稳定性，并增加了建筑设计的灵活性。设空处作adds的宾语，结合句意和上文的stability可知，设空处应用名词，表示“灵活性”，flexibility为不可数名词。故填flexibility。 4.__________ incredibly 解析 句意为：工匠可以提前制作和加工部件，并在现场快速组装，这是非常简单和高效的。设空处修饰形容词simple和efficient，应用副词，作状语。故填incredibly。 5._______ dating 解析 句意为：距今约7,000年的河姆渡遗址的房屋遗迹中出土了数百件带有榫卯结构的木制构件。分析句子结构可知，设空处作后置定语，修饰the Hemudu Site，应用非谓语形式，date和the Hemudu Site之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词。故填dating。 刷语法填空 23 6.______________ have produced 解析 句意为：自商周以来，一代又一代木匠制作了百余种榫卯结构，并发明了一整套从选址、选材到结构、测量、制造和组装的系统方法。设空处作谓语，根据时间状语Since the Shang and Zhou Dynasties可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语generations of carpenters和produce之间为主动关系，用主动语态；主语为复数概念，助动词用have。故填have produced。 7.___ to 解析 句意见上一题解析。from… to… 为固定搭配，意为“从……到……”。故填to。 8.__________ craftsmen 解析 句意为：对于保护和守卫这一遗产的工匠以及居住在中国各地榫卯建筑中的人们来说，榫卯结构一直是中国建筑的重要组成部分。设空处作介词For的宾语，且其前有定冠词the修饰，空后who引导的定语从句修饰此空，根据定语从句中的have可知，who指代的应是表复数概念的名词。故填craftsmen。 刷语法填空 24 9._______ but/yet 解析 句意为：它们的风格可能不同，但它们都有相同的根源。根据句意可知，设空处前后为转折关系，应用连词but或yet连接。故填but/yet。 10.___________ harmonious 解析 句意为：中国人对自然的热爱及对和谐共处的追求也深植其中。设空处修饰名词coexistence，应用形容词，作定语。故填harmonious。 刷语法填空 25 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I made it all the way to the fifth grade before anyone （except me） realised that I couldn’t see twenty feet in front of me. Our school had vision screenings （视力普查） every year but somehow I had managed to fake good vision and pass the tests. But then in the fifth grade, I failed. It was my turn to go into the screening room, and I nervously took my seat in front of the testing machine. The nurse told me to look into the little black machine and tell her which direction the letter E’s legs were pointing. Barely able to make out the black spot of an E, I made a guess: “Right, left, left, up, down, up, left, right”.I looked up at her. She studied my face for a moment. Then she said, “Could you repeat that?” I panicked. I’d never been asked to repeat it. And I hadn’t memorised the guess I’d just made up. I was trapped. So, I looked into the machine again and made up another sequence of guesses. I glanced over at the nurse, who was leaning forward with a frown on her face. 刷读后续写 26 “You have no idea which way they’re facing, do you?” she asked. “Not really,” I confessed. “Can you even see the E at all?” she asked. “Sort of… no,” I admitted. “Then why didn’t you just say so?” she demanded. I didn’t respond. I thought the answer was obvious. Glasses in the fifth grade were a social death sentence. I would become a joke in my class. The nurse sent me home with a note for my mother that said I needed to visit the eye doctor because I’d failed the vision test. The trip home today was very slow. My mother （who wears glasses） said it would all be just fine. It wouldn’t hurt a bit, she said. But I wasn’t worried about pain—I was worried about looking like Super Geek （怪人）. 刷读后续写 27 注意：续写词数应为150个左右。 The next day, my mother dragged me to the eye doctor’s office._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ But then Monday morning came, and I had to face what I feared: the kids in the classroom._____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 刷读后续写 28 【写作提示】 1.材料导读 材料大意 本文讲述了作者一直视力就不太好，但作者不敢佩戴眼镜，因为怕被同学嘲笑，但是五年级的视力检查使这件事暴露了出来，于是她只能在妈妈的强迫下去配眼镜。 故事背景 日常生活 主要角色 作者（五年级学生，从小视力不好）、作者的妈妈 写作顺序 时间顺序 需要解决的问题 作者如何克服自己的畏惧心理，敢于直面他人的目光。 刷读后续写 29 2.续写分析 续写第一段（提示句：第二天，我妈妈把我拽到眼科医生的办公室。） 由第一段提示句内容，再结合第二段的开头可知，作者被妈妈带到了眼科医生的办公室，最终戴上了眼镜。第一段可以描写作者从配眼镜直到戴上眼镜的经过。 续写第二段（提示句：但是接着周一早上到来了，我不得不面对我所害怕的了：教室里的同学们。） 由第二段提示句可知，第二段应描写作者戴着眼镜去上学之后发生的事情。本段可以围绕同学对作者戴眼镜上学的反应以及作者的心态变化来展开。 情感变化 作者：畏惧佩戴眼镜，怕被嘲笑——戴上眼镜发现能看清东西后感到惊喜——害怕同学的目光，感到忐忑——受到同学的赞美后感到自信 3.提分词句 walk sb、（be） filled with、in a whole new way、be frightened that…、give sb a big smile、raise up、be afraid of、brand new、as引导的时间状语从句、what引导的宾语从句等。 刷读后续写 30 【参考范文】 The next day, my mother dragged me to the eye doctor’s office.I chose a set of frames and tried to believe my mother when she said they looked really good on me.The doctor said the glasses would be ready soon.But I wasn’t ready at all.When the glasses arrived, the eye doctor put them on my face and walked me out onto the sidewalk in front of his office.Looking up from my shoes, I found myself in a whole new world—one filled with clear pictures, bright colours, and fine detail everywhere I looked.I could also see my mother smiling as she watched me see the world in a whole new way.On that first day, they were a present.; But then Monday morning came, and I had to face what I feared: the kids in the classroom.I was frightened that some naughty boys would call me “four eyes”.However, it didn’t happen as I feared it would do.When I entered the classroom, Lily, my best friend, gave me a big smile, saying, “Wow! How beautiful your glasses are!” Even, during the math class, for the first time I raised up my hand and answered the question because I finally saw the blackboard clearly.So don’t be afraid of what you think is frightening.Maybe it would open a brand new world. 刷读后续写 31 $$