选择性必修第三册 Unit 4 A glimpse of the future（word练习）-【导学教程】2025年英语新编高考大一轮总复习（外研版）

[对应学生用书P577] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Teachers are one of the professions least at risk of being automated. A job that requires emotional intelligence and flexibility—in adapting lesson plans on the fly to a particular group of children，for example—is not one particularly well­suited to robots. Artificial intelligence(AI)，however，still deserves a role in the classroom. This is not as a replacement for teachers，but as a tool or an assistant that can aid them both in trying to close the gap in achievements between the rich and the poor and in making up for lost teaching time，for instance. The principle of machine learning is to enhance humans' existing capacities. The best AI apps promise to improve teachers' knowledge of what their students need，how best they deliver the teaching，and which students require the most help—from a human teacher—to keep up with their learning. Besides，poor and unequal schooling，leaving too many children behind，is one of the deepest roots of inequality and low productivity. If AI can help target existing teaching resources better，the benefits could be incalculable. Therefore，smart policy is urgent. There must be a focus on the teaching philosophy behind the programs，as well as ensuring that any decisions made by machine learning are under human control. In education，choices made by AI could set a direction for the rest of a child's life. These may be common concerns about AI，but education is particularly sensitive—especially the ownership and control of any data generated through the platforms. Schools，too，will need to prevent teachers，who already have plenty of responsibilities，from also having to keep up with thousands of apps.AI belongs in the classroom only so long as it enhances the humankind. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。人工智能虽不能代替老师，但也要应用在课堂上。本文介绍了人工智能在课堂上的定位、作用及对人工智能进课堂的一些担忧。 1．What role should AI play in the classroom? A．An assistant to help teachers. B．A tool to punish students. C．A machine to replace teachers. D．An aid to protect students. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据第二段的“This is not as a replacement for teachers ...in making up for lost teaching time”可知，人工智能不是教师的替代品，而是作为一种可以帮助他们的工具或助手。故选A。 2．Which is the benefit of using AI apps in teaching? A．It tells which teacher needs the most help. B．It instructs teachers how to deliver speeches. C．It provides ways for teachers to make money. D．It helps balance the existing teaching resources. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，最好的人工智能应用软件会帮助老师了解哪些学生最需要帮助以跟得上学习，此外人工智能还能帮助解决导致很多孩子落后的教育匮乏和教育不平等问题，所以帮助平衡现有的教学资源是课堂上利用人工智能的好处。故选D。 3．What matters most in AI teaching? A．Improving the humankind. B．Setting a direction for education. C．Preventing teachers from using apps. D．Producing data through online platforms. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“AI belongs in the classroom only so long as it enhances the humankind”可知，人工智能只有在提高人类素质的前提下，才能进入课堂。由此可知，人工智能课堂最重要的是要提高人类素质。故选A。 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Popularity of E­Teaching Apps B．The Application and Flexibility of AI C．Rules for Bringing AI into the Classroom D．Approaches to Enhancing Teaching Online 解析　C　文章大意题。浏览全文可知，本文主要讲述了人工智能进课堂的相关信息，包括人工智能的定位、作用及人工智能进课堂引发的担忧等。故选C。 B (2023·宁波十校联考)Given how valuable intelligence and automation are, we will continue to improve our technology if we are at all able to. At a certain point, we will build machines that are smarter than we are. Once we have machines that are smarter than we are, they will begin to improve themselves. The concern is really that we will build machines that are much more competent than we are. And the slightest divergence (分歧) between their goals and our own could destroy us. Just think about how we relate to ants. We don't hate them. We don't go out of our way to harm them. In fact, sometimes we take pains not to harm them. We step over them on the sidewalk. But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of our goals, we will kill them without hesitation. The concern is that we will one day build machines that, whether they're conscious or not, could treat us with similar disregard. The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligent machines. We have problems that we desperately need to solve. So we will do this, if we can. The train is already out of the station, and there's no brake to pull. If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop in ways that we can't imagine, and transcend_us in ways that we can't imagine. So imagine we hit upon a design of super intelligent AI that has no safety concerns. This machine would be the perfect labor­saving device. It can design the machine that can build the machine which can do any physical work, powered by sunlight, more or less for the cost of raw materials. So we're talking about the end of human labor. We're also talking about the end of most intellectual work. So what would apes like ourselves do in these circumstances? But the moment we admit that information processing is the source of intelligence, we have to admit that we are in the process of building some sort of god. Now would be a good time to make sure it's a god we can live with. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章通过假设主要论述了对于未来的智能机器，我们人类应该把人工智能的发展控制在人类的可控范围内。 5．Why does the author mention ants in paragraph 2? A．To compare intelligent machines to ants. B．To show improved machines will get away from us. C．To stress the presence of machines does conflict with our goals. D．To explain future intelligent machines could treat us without mercy. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“We don't hate them. We don't go out of our way to harm them.”和“But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of our goals, we will kill them without hesitation. The concern is that we will one day build machines that, whether they're conscious or not，could treat us with similar disregard.”可知，此处提到平时我们对待蚂蚁时尽量不伤害它们，但当蚂蚁的存在和我们的目标冲突时，我们会毫不犹豫地杀死它们。作者拿此事例类比我们未来制造的智能机器，表示机器对待我们时也会一样残忍。故选D。 6．What does the underlined word “transcend” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Disable. B．Inspire. C．Disappoint. D．Outpace. 解析　D　词义猜测题。根据画线词前半部分的“If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are，they will very likely develop in ways that we can't imagine”可知，当机器比我们更聪明时，它们的一些方式可能是我们无法想象的，甚至在某些方面会超出我们的想象，所以画线词意为“超越”。故选D。 7．How is the passage mainly developed? A．By making comparisons. B．By giving assumptions. C．By showing valid evidence. D．By analyzing statistics. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The concern is that we will one day build machines that, whether they're conscious or not，could treat us with similar disregard.”和第三段中的“If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop in ways that we can't imagine”以及第四段中的“So imagine we hit upon a design of super intelligent AI that has no safety concerns.”可知，文章主要是通过假设来论证主题的。故选B。 8．Which of the following statements can best summarize the author's viewpoint toward AI? A．Human beings will no doubt be destroyed by AI in the future. B．Super intelligent AI will put an end to human labor eventually. C．We should keep the development of AI within humans' control. D．Human beings should stop the development of super intelligent AI. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The concern is really that we will build machines that are much more competent than we are.And the slightest divergence(分歧) between their goals and our own could destroy us.”及最后一段中的“Now would be a good time to make sure it's a god we can live with.”可知，我们人类应该要确保智能机器与我们人类共存，即我们人类要让智能机器置于我们的控制之内。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五 I'm a hiker—“born to hike”．It does my heart and soul good to take a pack and head out on a trail(小路)，especially when I am alone and can let my mind wander where it will. __1__． Hiking keeps your brain sharper than many other forms of exercise.As a professional writer，although I am busy with my work，I often spare some time to hike. __2__． __3__．Exercise in general can be a good way to decrease stress.But what sets hiking apart from other forms of exercise is that hiking can happen almost anywhere and give you the happiness that you can take from nature. Hiking can increase our creativity.I'm sure I'm not alone in finding that walks in nature let my mind wander freely in creative directions. __4__．Sometimes，ideas relevant to music come up from unconscious places when I'm not deliberately thinking. Hiking helps strengthen a positive relationship with the natural world.Besides being good for us，hiking may also help the world around us.After all，if we stick to walking and covering longer distances，we could use cars less and reduce our carbon footprint. __5__．For example，it increases our connection to nature.As one study suggests，when we have a personal connection to nature，we are more likely to want to protect it.That means experiences in nature—like hiking—can be mutually(相互地) beneficial，helping people and the earth. So，grab a water bottle，a backpack...and head out on the trail.You won't be sorry you did that. A．Hiking helps to keep you calm and happy B．Beyond that，hiking benefits our planet indirectly C．Following are the benefits you can get from hiking D．In fact，I've written many of my songs while hiking on a trail E．It's easy for me to come up with creative ideas while sitting alone F.It not just makes me feel good，but also helps me keep the brain in top shape G．This all goes to show that hiking maybe one of the best ways to move your body [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。介绍了徒步旅行的好处。 1．解析　C　该空位于第一段的段尾，第一段讲述了作者是一个徒步旅行爱好者；结合第二、四、五段的首句可知，空后讲的是徒步旅行的好处。该空起着承上启下的作用，C项“以下是你能从徒步旅行中得到的好处”。故选C。 2．解析　F　第二段首句是该段的主题句，讲述的是徒步旅行对大脑有好处，F项“徒步旅行不仅让我感觉良好，还能帮助我保持大脑处于最佳状态”与本段主题一致，且选项F中的brain对应本段第一句中的brain。故选F。 3．解析　A　该空位于第三段的段首，第二、四、五段的首句都说的是徒步旅行的好处且都是段落主旨句。根据结构一致的做题法则可知，该空也应讲徒步旅行的好处且也应是本段的主题句，又根据第三段后面的“decrease stress”和“give you the happiness”可知，空处应讲徒步旅行能够使人精神愉悦，A项符合语境。故选A。 4．解析　D　根据第二段中的“As a professional writer”和空前的“I'm sure I'm not alone in finding that walks in nature let my mind wander freely in creative directions”可知，作者是专业作家，在大自然中散步可以让作者的思想自由地朝着创造性的方向漫游，由此可知，该空应讲与创作相关的内容，D项“事实上，我的很多歌曲都是在徒步旅行时写的”符合语境，且D项中的songs与空后的music相对应。故选D。 5．解析　B　空前讲到徒步旅行有助于环境保护，空后进行举例，讲到徒步旅行增加了我们与自然的联系，进而激发我们想要保护它的欲望，由此可知，该空在文中起着承上启下的作用，且应该进一步讲到有关徒步旅行有助于保护自然的内容，B项“除此之外，徒步旅行还间接地有益于我们的星球”符合语境。故选B。 Ⅲ.语法填空 A small village in Yunnan Province is 1.______ (wide) known as the Dai paper factory. There are nets for 2.________ (dry) paper all over the village and inside villagers' houses. Dai paper 3.________ (make) for over 800 years there up to now. One of the best papermakers is Yan，who was already interested in Dai paper at an early age. Taught 4.________ his grandparents to be a papermaker at 16，Yan was quickly able to complete 5.________ production process independently. Unlike ordinary papermaking where trees need to be cut down，Dai paper is environmentally friendly. This is 6.________ its raw material is the recyclable bark of a kind of trees unique to the area. Dai paper's production process is still used today. In a workshop，Yan demonstrated 11 different papermaking 7.________ (process)to us. Although Dai paper carries the culture and 8.________ (believe)of the Dai people，the crafting of it is faced with great challenges. 9.________ (address)the problems，Yan improved Dai's papermaking technology，thus saving production time and reducing labor costs. And then he 10.________ (start)teaching the villagers his new papermaking process for free. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。介绍了传统的傣族造纸工艺。 1．解析　widely　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，修饰动词应用副词形式，此处表示范围广泛，故填widely。 2．解析　drying　考查非谓语动词。介词后用动词­ing形式。故填drying。 3．解析　has been made　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语up to now可知，时态应用现在完成时；主语Dai paper与make之间为被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态。主语是单数，所以用has。故填has been made。 4．解析　by　考查介词。分析句子结构可知，空处引出动作的发出者，所以用介词by。by常置于表示被动的动词后，表示使为者。故填by。 5．解析　the　考查冠词。此处特指上文提到的傣族纸的生产过程，所以用定冠词the。 6．解析　because　考查连词。根据上下文可知，这是解释傣族纸环保的原因，且为前果后因，故填because。 7．解析　processes　考查名词复数。根据上文的“11 different”可知，空处应用可数名词的复数形式。故填processes。 8．解析　belief(s)　 考查名词。根据连词and可知，空处和名词culture为并列关系，所以用名词形式，名词belief作“信仰”之意讲时为可数名词，此处单复数皆可。故填belief(s)。 9．解析　To address　考查非谓语动词。此处应用不定式作目的状语，表示“为了解决这些问题”。因空处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填To address。 10．解析　started　考查动词的时态。根据then可知，此处的时态和上文的时态应是一致的，结合improved可知，应用一般过去时。故填started。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$