选择性必修第二册 Unit 5 A delicate world（word练习）-【导学教程】2025年英语新编高考大一轮总复习（外研版）

[对应学生用书P562] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·潍坊统考)The Atlantic salmon(鲑)of Scotland are hardy and determined animals.Each spring and summer，they return from the North Atlantic Ocean to lay eggs in Scotland's shallow rivers，leaping up waterfalls and over barriers，pushing themselves upstream in enormous efforts.Some fail，and the others succeed，but today they face yet another challenge. During the mid­1980s，there were between eight and ten million salmon swimming around Scotland's Atlantic coast；that number has now dropped sharply.There's evidence of reducing the availability of the salmon's prey(猎物)as climate change warms and acidifies the ocean.New research suggests climate change is also bearing down on rivers，which is bad news for salmon.Having adapted to life in cold water，salmon experience slow growth and population changes at high temperatures.Heat influences their health and reduces their resistance to disease. “Now salmon are struggling to deal with the rising temperatures.There are recent records of 27 ℃ in the upper reaches of the Dee catchment，”says Peter Cairns，director of an environmental charity.In 2018，Scotland recorded the lowest pole catch for salmon since records began.Evidence suggests that the degraded quality of river worsens the impact of our changing climate.“Atlantic salmon evolved using river systems in Scotland that were once way more forested and therefore shaded.”Yet Scotland is today one of the least wooded countries in Europe，with just 3 percent of its native woodland undamaged.Scientists have found that just 35 percent of rivers in Scotland have enough tree cover for salmon survival. A movement to get trees back on riverbanks is gathering pace.“Broadleaf trees close to the bank can reduce the light that enters the water，”explains fisheries scientist Anthony Hawkins.A new initiative called Riverwoods—led by the Scottish Wildlife Trust and supported by Scottish Water and several other government and regulatory bodies—aims to create a network of woodlands along Scotland's riverbanks，and has already received a number of large funds.“Money is not the pressing business.River health is complex，but tree planting is one of the most basic things we can get started with right away，”says Cairns. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了全球变暖给大西洋鲑的生存带来了极大的挑战，为了给大西洋鲑提供更好的生存环境，苏格兰有关部门计划在河岸上植树。 1．Why do Atlantic salmon make great journeys back to the rivers? A．They search for foods. B．They reproduce themselves. C．The rivers are relatively cool. D．The seas are increasingly warm. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Each spring and summer，they return from the North Atlantic Ocean to lay eggs in Scotland's shallow rivers”可知，大西洋鲑每年春夏之际会洄游到苏格兰去产卵，reproduce“繁殖；生育”。故B项正确。 2．How do the rising temperatures in rivers affect salmon? A．They grow more quickly. B．They are more heat­resistant. C．They are less active in water. D．They are more likely to get diseases. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Heat influences their health and reduces their resistance to disease”可知，高温影响了大西洋鲑的健康，降低了它们对疾病的抵抗力，据此可推知，它们更容易得病，故D项正确。 3．What is a challenge for salmon when they return to Scotland's rivers? A．There is a shortage of food. B．There are many fishermen. C．The ecology environment has changed. D．The river systems are unsuitable for the forest growth. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Atlantic salmon evolved using river systems in Scotland...one of the least wooded countries in Europe”可知，大西洋鲑已经适应了苏格兰森林茂密的生态环境，然而现在的苏格兰却成了欧洲植被覆盖最少的国家之一，这对大西洋鲑来说是一个挑战，故C项正确。 4．What does Cairns really intend to tell us in the last paragraph? A．It is urgent to plant riverbank trees. B．It is too hard to restore the river health. C．There is enough money for the project. D．There are too many vital things to deal with. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Cairns所说的话中的“tree planting is one of the most basic things we can get started with right away”可知，Cairns认为种树是我们可以立刻开始着手做的事情之一，据此可以推断，Cairns认为当务之急是种植河岸树木，故A项正确。 B Scientists today are concerned about the growing number of species in the world that may soon become extinct. The United Nations, along with many governments, are trying to save these endangered species. To help resolve this issue, scientists have been trying to learn why species become endangered. In the United States, loss of habitats is the main reason for species becoming endangered. As populations grow and cities or towns expand, nature is destroyed and the ecosystem is affected. Even small changes in one part of an ecosystem can have a big impact on another part of it. For example, deforestation may result in a change in ground temperature, which may kill off a certain kind of plant in the forest. Animals that eat this plant may suddenly find that there is no available food so they starve to death. Another possible cause of endangered or extinct species is climate change and rising sea levels. As the Earth gets warmer, this has profound effects on animal and plant life everywhere. For example, rising sea levels make coastal areas unfit for birds to live in. Warmer temperatures melt the ice where polar bears live，wrecking their habitat and making it harder for them to find food. The rising seas also make it harder for polar bears to swim from the cold waters to frozen packs of ice so many of them drown. There are several ways that people are trying to help endangered species recover. Ecologists study different species and try to find out more information about them and help. In Finland, for example, scientists found that a decrease in the number of bogs(沼泽) was responsible for the falling butterfly population. Once they understood this, they could manage the butterfly population and help it recover. Governments are also passing laws to protect endangered animals. One example of this is an area near Hawaii with a seriously low fish population. The United States' government has made it illegal for fishing boats to enter this area. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了各国科学家在探索物种濒危的原因方面所做出的努力以及各国政府为拯救濒危物种所采取的措施。 5．What can we infer from paragraph 2? A．Most endangered species are located in the United States. B．Cities and towns in the United States are growing too fast. C．Ecosystem changes can result in habitat loss and animal death. D．More trees need to be planted to prevent animals from dying out. 解析　C　推理判断题。通读第二段可知，第二段主要讲生态系统的变化可能导致栖息地的丧失和动物的死亡。故选C。 6．What does the underlined word “wrecking” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Conserving. B．Damaging. C．Providing. D．Dominating. 解析　B　词义猜测题。通读第三段尤其是“The rising seas also make it harder for polar bears to swim from the cold waters to frozen packs of ice so many of them drown.”可知，上升的海平面对北极熊的生活环境产生了极大的影响。由此可推知，画线词所在句应讲的是更温暖的气温融化了北极熊生活的冰层，破坏了它们的栖息地，使它们更难找到食物。由此可推知，画线词应意为“破坏”，与B项意思相近。故选B。 7．Which is the best title for this text? A．Saving Endangered Species B．A List of Endangered Species C．The Causes of Global Warming D．How Polar Bears Became Extinct 解析　A　标题概括题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了各国科学家在探索物种濒危的原因方面所做出的努力以及各国政府为拯救濒危物种所采取的措施。故选 A。 8．What will the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows? A．Some other ways to help endangered species recover. B．A brief discussion of polar bears and their diet habits. C．The impact of fishing laws on the development of Hawaii. D．Various opinions and debates concerning the cause of global warming. 解析　A　推理判断题。通读最后一段尤其是“There are several ways that people are trying to help endangered species recover. Ecologists study different species and try to find out more information about them and help.”可知，作者在本段举例介绍了帮助濒危物种恢复的一种举措。由此可推知，作者可能会在下一段中讨论帮助濒危物种恢复的其他方法。故选A。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·济南模拟)Jess，a 14­year­old girl，lives in Mallacoota，a small town in Australia.She is one of many children who have been through mental __1__ and heartbreak in the New Year bushfires. She __2__ the bushfires with fear.“I had never been so scared.The sky was turned to blood red，and the embers(余烬)were __3__ all around us.It was much worse than any __4__ film，”she said. Jess，along with her family，spent two terrifying days on the local boat where residents stayed for __5__，and it was also a place where __6__ could not be broken.Jess and her little companions planned to __7__ their community garden and the house for chickens. One blessing for Mallacoota is that no one __8__ their life during the disaster. Roads into and out of the town are beginning to reopen.Wandering alone among the houses __9__ to the ground，Jess still managed to find a __10__ side and said at least now she would not have to clean her bedroom anymore.In no time she and her companions __11__ started to restore the community garden and even __12__ a family of chickens to the new “home”，making something bad into something good. It's a long road back to __13__ life.But it is surely __14__ if we have the will.As Jess said，“My beloved hometown will __15__ again.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要从Jess的视角展现了森林火灾对其家乡的破坏和居民在火灾过后重建家园的积极态度。 1．A.disorder B．suffering C．growth D．training 解析　B　由下文内容可知，Jess是众多经历过精神痛苦和悲伤的孩子之一。suffering“痛苦”。故选B。 2．A.recalled B．imagined C．observed D．controlled 解析　A　根据语境可知，Jess已经被救出来了，此处是指她回忆(recalled)森林火灾发生的情形时仍害怕。故选A。 3．A.escaping B．crowding C．flying D．running 解析　C　根据语境可知，此处是指天空变成了血红色，余烬在我们周围飞舞。故选C。 4．A.scary B．artistic C．fancy D．silent 解析　A　根据第二段第一句的“with fear”和Jess对火灾的描述可知，她很恐惧火灾，所以这里应该将火灾与恐怖(scary)电影作比较，体现Jess对火灾的恐惧与后怕。故选A。 5．A.comfort B．peace C．treat D．safety 解析　D　根据空后的“and...could not be broken”和语境可知，Jess和她的家人待在当地的船上，居民在这里应是寻求安全。故选D。 6．A.rules B．spirits C．habits D．promises 解析　B　上文讲述的是身体安全，空处描述的应该是精神安全。spirit“精神；心灵；情绪”。故选B。 7．A.reserve B．design C．rebuild D．decorate 解析　C　根据常识可知，火灾的后果是毁灭性的，所以此处是指Jess和她的小伙伴们计划重建他们的社区花园和养鸡的房子。故选C。 8．A.saved B．lost C．took D．changed 解析　B　根据上文的“One blessing”可知，这里讲述的应该是值得庆幸的方面，即无人死亡。故选B。 9．A.knocked B．blown C．exploded D．burnt 解析　D　分析句子结构，空处作houses的后置定语。结合语境可知应选burnt，表示被烧毁的房屋。故选D。 10．A.positive B．warm C．familiar D．correct 解析　A　根据下文的“at least now she would not have to clean her bedroom anymore”可知，Jess说她“至少再也不用打扫卧室了”，也就是说，她在努力找出灾难带来的积极的方面。故选A。 11．A.wisely B．luckily C．actively D．anxiously 解析　C　这句话描述了她和她的朋友立即开始恢复社区花园，由此可以推断她的行为态度是相当积极的(actively)，故选C。 12．A.returned B．welcomed C．forced D．contributed 解析　B　这一段在描述Jess的积极态度，所以此处表示Jess甚至欢迎小鸡家族来新家，借此苦中作乐。welcome“欢迎”。故选B。 13．A.simple B．common C．normal D．social 解析　C　根据语境可知，整篇文章都在描述火灾发生的情形和后续的重建，这里是对前面内容的总结，表示“恢复正常生活还有很长的路要走”。故选C。 14．A.hopeful B．risky C．special D．tough 解析　A　根据提示词But可知，空处内容与空前内容应构成转折关系，因此此处应该展现的是一种积极的态度，故A。 15．A.rest B．expand C．struggle D．shine 解析　D　根据语境可知，此处表示Jess期待家乡重新闪耀的那一天。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$