必修第三册 UNIT 7 ART（word练习）-【导学教程】2025年英语新编高考大一轮总复习（北师大版）

[对应学生用书P507] A级　阅读提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·苏北统考)New bioplastics are being made in laboratories from straw，wood chips and food waste，with researchers aiming to replace oil as the source of the world's plastic. The new approaches include genetically modifying bacteria to eat wood and produce useful chemicals. But the bioplastics are currently significantly more expensive to make than fossil fuel­based plastics. Land and seas around the world，from high mountains to deep oceans，have become polluted with plastic，prompting major public concern. The world has produced about 8bn tonnes of plastic since the 1950s and demand is still rising. While some waste plastic is recycled，much of it is burnt to produce electricity，resulting in carbon emissions that drive climate change. In contrast to plastic made from oil，plastics made from plant­based materials only release the carbon the plants absorb from the air as they grow. Bioplastics will also give more options for products that biodegrade in the environment，although they can be made very long­lasting if required. “Plastics are an incredible enhancement to our daily lives，”said Paul Mines，CEO of Biome Technologies in the UK，which has spent ￡5m in the last five years on bioplastics research. “But we can't go on using fossil fuel­based materials. About 6－7% of every barrel of oil is used to make plastics.” Using plant materials is feasible，said Professor Simon，at the University of York. Replacing half of the nation's plastic bottles could be done by using just 3% of the sugar beet crop，5% of wheat straw or 2.5% of food waste，he said. Currently，just a few thousand tonnes of bioplastics are used in the UK each year，compared to millions of tonnes of conventional plastic. Mines said this could rise to about 20，000 tonnes in the next five years. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。科学家们正在试验用秸秆、木屑和食物垃圾制造一种新型生物塑料。与传统的化石燃料塑料相比，它更具有环保性。 1．Why are high mountains and deep oceans mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To display the range of plastic waste. B．To show the widespread use of plastic. C．To stress the increasing demand for plastic. D．To raise awareness of ocean protection. 解析　A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Land and seas around the world，from high mountains to deep oceans，have become polluted with plastic”可知，世界各地的陆地和海洋，从高山到深海，都受到了塑料的污染。由此可推知，作者提到高山和深海主要是为了展示塑料垃圾的范围，故选A。 2．What is one advantage of bioplastics over fossil fuel­based plastics? A．Producing electricity. B．Being eco­friendly. C．Driving climate change. D．Biodegrading other plastic. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“While some waste plastic is recycled...from the air as they grow”可知，传统的化石燃料塑料会产生很多的碳排放，而新型的生物塑料只释放能够被植物吸收的碳。由此可知，与化石燃料塑料相比，生物塑料的一个优势是有利于环保，故选B。 3．What does the underlined word “feasible” mean in paragraph 6? A．Possible. B．Troublesome. C．Original. D．Costly. 解析　A　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“Replacing half of the nation's...2.5% of food waste”可知，仅用3%的甜菜作物、5%的小麦秸秆或者2.5%的食物垃圾就可以替换全国一半的塑料瓶。由此可推知，使用植物材料是可行的，故画线词的意思与A项最为接近。故选A。 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Plastics are necessary in daily life. B．Oil is the source of the world's plastic. C．Bioplastic making is a promising industry. D．Scientists are researching bioplastic making. 解析　D　文章大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段内容可知，本文主要讲述了科学家正在研究一种用秸秆、木屑和食物垃圾制造的新型生物塑料。故选D。 B (2023·常镇教学情况调查)IQ is often regarded as a crucial driver of success，particularly in fields such as science，innovation and technology.But the truth is that some of the greatest achievements by our species have primarily relied on what scientists call“cognitive(认知的)flexibility”． Cognitive flexibility is a skill that enables us to switch between different concepts，or to adapt behavior to achieve goals in a novel or changing environment. And the good news is that it can be trained.Currently，a group of researchers from Cambridge University are conducting a study，trying to work out how people can best boost (促进)their cognitive flexibility. Cognitive flexibility may have affected how people coped with the pandemic lockdowns，which produced new challenges around work and schooling.Some people may have changed their routines from time to time，trying to find better and more varied ways of going about their day.Others，however，struggled and finally became more rigid in their thinking. They stuck to the same routine activities，with little flexibility or change. Flexible thinking is key to creativity.It also supports academic and work skills such as problem­solving.Unlike working memory，it is largely independent of IQ.For example，many visual artists may be of average intelligence，but highly creative and have produced masterpieces. So does cognitive flexibility make people smarter in a way that isn't always captured on IQ tests？We know that it leads to better rational(理性的)thinking throughout the lifespan.For example，for children it leads to better reading abilities and better school performance. It can also help protect against a number of prejudice.People who are cognitively flexible are better at recognizing potential faults in themselves and using strategies to overcome these faults. Cognitive flexibility is essential for the society to flourish(繁荣).It can help maximize the potential of individuals to create innovative ideas and creative inventions.Ultimately，it is such qualities that we need to solve the big challenges of today. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了“认知灵活性”的重要意义、认知灵活的人的特点以及如何才能很好地提高人们的认知灵活性。 5．What is the purpose of the research conducted by Cambridge University researchers? A．To clarify people's misunderstanding about cognitive flexibility. B．To figure out the relationship between IQ and cognitive flexibility. C．To explore effective ways to improve people's cognitive flexibility. D．To make out the benefits of increasing people's cognitive flexibility. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Currently，a group of...their cognitive flexibility”可知，剑桥大学研究人员进行这项研究的目的是探索提高人们认知灵活性的有效途径。 6．What will cognitively flexible people probably do to deal with new challenges? A．Stick to their original plan. B．Handle new problems rigidly. C．Adjust their thoughts and behavior. D．Apply creative ideas to improve their IQ. 解析　C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Cognitive...or changing environment”可知，认知灵活性是一种技能，它使我们能够在不同的概念之间切换，或在一个新的或不断变化的环境中调整行为以实现目标；根据第三段中的“Cognitive flexibility may...about their day”可知，在流行病期间，认知灵活性高的人可能会不时地改变他们的日常生活，试图找到更好、更多样化的方式来度过他们的一天。据此可以推知，在应对新挑战时，认知灵活的人可能会调整他们的想法和行为。 7．What can we learn about cognitive flexibility? A．It is closely related to people's IQ. B．It is an unchangeable inborn quality. C．It helps people avoid reasonable thinking. D．It helps people make greater achievements. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But the truth is...scientists call‘cognitive(认知的)flexibility’”可知，认知灵活性可以帮助人们取得更大的成就。 8．What do the last three paragraphs mainly talk about? A．Applications of cognitive flexibility. B．Benefits of cognitive flexibility. C．Experiments on cognitive flexibility. D．Definitions of cognitive flexibility. 解析　B　段落大意题。通读第五段可知，该段主要论述了认知灵活性的好处：让人更聪明、更理性地思考；通读第六段可知，该段主要论述了认知灵活性的好处：反思错误，防止产生偏见；通读第七段可知，该段主要论述了认知灵活性的好处：认知的灵活性对社会的繁荣至关重要，它可以帮助最大限度地发挥个人创新想法和创造性发明的潜力。据此可知，最后三段主要介绍了认知灵活性的好处。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2023·福州高中毕业班质检)We all have things that we want to achieve in our lives—getting into the better shape，building a successful business，raising a wonderful family，and so on. __1__ At least，this is how I approached my life goals until recently. What I'm starting to realize，however，is that when it comes to actually getting things done and making progress in the areas that are important to you，there is a much better way to do things. It all comes down to the difference between goals and systems. __2__ Your system is the writing schedule that you follow each week. Now for the really interesting question：If you completely ignored your goals and focused only on your system，would you still get results？I think you would. __3__ In the last 12 months，I've written over 115，000 words. The typical book is about 50，000 to 60，000 words，so I have written enough to fill two books this year.All of this is such a surprise because I never set a goal for my writing.I didn't measure my progress in relation to some benchmark. __4__ I never said，“I want to write two books this year.” What I did focus on was writing one article every Monday and Thursday. I focused on my system and the process of doing the work. And after sticking to that schedule for 11 months，the result was 115，000 words. In the end，I enjoyed the same(or perhaps better)results. Goals are good for planning your progress and systems are good for actually making progress. Goals can provide direction and even push you forward in the short term，but eventually a well­designed system will always win. Having a system is what matters.__5__ A．None of this is to say that goals are useless. B．If you're a writer，your goal is to write a book. C．Forget about predicting the future and build a system. D．I never set a word count goal for any particular article. E．Committing to the process is what makes the difference. F．And for most of us，the path to those things starts by setting a specific goal. G．As an example，I just added up the total word count for the articles I've written this year. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了完成人生目标的策略：设计一个好的系统，将大的目标分阶段去完成。实施目标的过程对于我们实现目标、取得进步是很有帮助的。 1．解析　F　根据下文可知，至少直到最近，作者都是这样靠近人生目标的。由此可知，空处应该是说明了一种实现目标的方式。选项F“对我们大多数人来说，通往那些事情(成功)的道路始于设定一个明确的目标”与下文一致，故选F。 2．解析　B　根据空前内容可知，这一切都归结于目标和系统之间的差异。由此可知，目标和系统间有差异。再结合空后内容可知，你的写作系统就是你每周要遵循的写作时间表。由此可推知，空处应是目标。选项B符合文意，承上启下。故选B。 3．解析　G　根据下文可知，在过去的12个月里，作者写了11.5万多字。一般的书大概有5万到6万字，所以作者今年已经写了两本书。由此可知，作者是统计了自己所写的内容。选项G“举个例子，我刚刚把我今年写的文章的字数加起来”符合文意，故选G。 4．解析　D　根据下文可知，作者从来没有说过“我今年想写两本书”，作者专注于每周一和周四写一篇文章。由此可知，作者只是坚持这样做，并没有制订具体的目标，选项D“我从来没有为任何一篇文章设定字数目标”符合语境，故选D。 5．解析　E　根据上文可知，目标可以为你提供方向，甚至在短期内推动你前进，但最终，设计良好的系统总是赢家。拥有一个系统才是最重要的。由此可知，目标固然重要，但是坚持不懈地做才更重要。选项E“专注于过程才是关键所在”与上文文意一致。故选E。 Ⅲ.完形填空 (2023·青岛调研)Amy Jandrisevits knows the value of a good doll.“Dolls have __1__ we don't completely understand，”she said.It's a(n) __2__ she got while she was working as a social worker using dolls to help young kids __3__ their changing medical situations. Seven years ago，a __4__ said that her child was involved in a car accident，leaving a scar(伤疤)on his face.Jandrisevits knew what might help the youth through this __5__ period. “It's __6__ to tell a kid，‘You are perfect in the way you are.’and to build __7__ that way，”she says. Jandrisevits went about __8__ that.She made a doll by hand that looked like her friend's child and sent it off. After the friend __9__ a photo online of the happy child and doll，another woman asked Jandrisevits to make a doll for her baby，who was missing a leg. Word __10__ and soon Jandrisevits was making dolls for children with birthmarks or facial deformities(畸形)，from photos sent by parents.She __11__ her previous job and started a nonprofit organization，A Doll Like Me.She hasn't __12__ for a doll since she began her nonprofit organization. In all she's made more than 400 dolls.The waiting list is long but Jandrisevits is __13__．As she explains，“Every kid, __14__ gender，age，medical issues or the body type，should look into the __15__ face of a doll and see their own.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。Amy Jandrisevits用玩具娃娃来帮助孩子们适应他们不断变化的医疗状况，并帮助他们建立自信。 1．A.power B．theme C．system D．fashion 解析　A　根据下文的“using dolls to...medical situations”可知，玩具娃娃可用来帮助孩子们，所以此处是说它们有一种我们不完全理解的力量。 2．A.lesson B．inspiration C．reward D．experience 解析　B　根据语境可知，这是她在做社会工作者时得到的灵感(inspiration)。 3．A.turn to B．adapt to C．realize D．ignore 解析　B　根据下文的“their changing medical situations”可知，此处表示“适应不断变化的医疗状况”。adapt to“适应”。 4．A.worker B．patient C．volunteer D．friend 解析　D　根据下文的“looked like her friend's child”可知，一个朋友说她的孩子遭遇了一场车祸。 5．A.unforgettable B．challenging C．complex D．impressive 解析　B　根据上文的“her child was...on his face”可知，此处表示帮助这个年轻人渡过这个充满挑战的时期。unforgettable“令人难忘的”；challenging“挑战性的”；complex“复杂的”；impressive“给人印象深刻的”。 6．A.natural B．generous C．helpful D．hard 解析　D　根据下文的“tell a kid，‘You are perfect in the way you are.’”并结合常识可知，那个孩子脸上留疤了，所以要告诉这个孩子“你这样就很完美”和以这样的方式树立起信心是很难的。 7．A.confidence B．connection C．trust D．communication 解析　A　参见上题解析。 8．A.following B．blessing C．explaining D．changing 解析　D　根据下文的“She made a doll...sent it off”可知，Jandrisevits开始着手改变这种状况。 9．A.took B．sent C．saw D．posted 解析　D　根据下文的“a photo online”可知，此处表示在网上公布了一张照片。post“公布，张贴，发布”。 10．A.came B．failed C．spread D．read 解析　C　根据下文的“soon Jandrisevits was...photos sent by parents”可知，很多人都知道了这件事情。由此可知，消息传开了，故空处应表示“传播”。 11．A.loved B．quit C．began D．lost 解析　B　根据下文的“started a nonprofit organization”可知，她辞掉了之前的工作，创办了一家非营利性机构。 12．A.charged B．gone C．asked D．paid 解析　A　根据上下文中的“nonprofit organization”可知，她没有对一个玩具娃娃收费。charge“收(费)，(向……)要价”。 13．A.tired B．curious C．determined D．famous 解析　C　根据上文的“The waiting list is long but”可知，等候名单很长，但Jandrisevits是坚决的。determined“坚决的”。 14．A.regardless of B．instead of C．apart from D．according to 解析　A　根据语境可知，此处表示“每个孩子，无论性别、年龄、药物问题或体型，都应该看到玩具娃娃可爱的脸，并看到自己的脸”。regardless of“不管，不顾”符合语境。 15．A.restored B．beautified C．sweet D．funny 解析　C　根据下文的“face of a doll”及常识可知，玩具娃娃的脸是可爱的。sweet“惹人喜爱的，可爱的”。 B级　写作规范练 Ⅰ.语法填空 (2024·白银高三检测)Print is a medium for mass communication, which has enabled 1.________ (artist) to be known and familiar 2.________ a wider audience. The Prints—A Riot of Colors, an exhibition 3.________ (feature) some 130 prints created by generations of Chinese artists, the oldest one of 4.________ dates back to the 1930s, opened on Monday at the Guardian Art Center in Beijing. An online auction (拍卖) of most of the showpieces held by China Guardian Auctions is running with the exhibition. 5．________ (divide) into five sections, the long­running show is aimed 6.________ (offer) art collectors and the general public alike an opportunity to learn about China's modern, contemporary print art and 7.________ (far) explore the market value of prints, according to Liu Zehui, the person in charge of the show. In 1931, the famous writer and social activist Lu Xun 8.________ (support) the New Woodcut Movement in Shanghai. He promoted the modern woodcut, which was popular in the West but still 9.________ essential Chinese form whose techniques reached maturity during the Tang Dynasty, as the most 10.________ (access) and efficient vehicle for circulating new revolutionary thought among the masses. [语篇解读]　这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了周一在北京嘉德艺术中心开幕的“版画—五彩缤纷”展览展出了由几代中国艺术家创作的约130幅版画，其中最古老的一幅可以追溯到20世纪30年代。中国嘉德拍卖公司举办的大部分展品的网上拍卖也与此次展览一起进行。 1．解析　artists　考查名词的复数。句意：印刷是大众传播的媒介，它使艺术家被更广泛的观众所认识和熟悉。可数名词artist前没有冠词，故此处应用其复数形式。故填artists。 2．解析　to　考查介词。句意：印刷是大众传播的媒介，它使艺术家被更广泛的观众所认识和熟悉。be known to sb意为“为某人所熟知”，be familiar to sb意为“为某人所熟悉”。故填to。 3．解析　featuring　考查非谓语动词。句意：周一在北京嘉德艺术中心开幕的“版画——五彩缤纷”展览展出了由几代中国艺术家创作的约130幅版画，其中最古老的一幅可以追溯到20世纪30年代。分析句子结构可知，feature与逻辑主语exhibition是主动关系，此处应用其现在分词形式作后置定语。故填featuring。 4．解析　which　考查定语从句。句意：周一在北京嘉德艺术中心开幕的“版画——五彩缤纷”展览展出了由几代中国艺术家创作的约130幅版画，其中最古老的一幅可以追溯到20世纪30年代。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作介词的宾语，先行词是prints，应用which。故填which。 5．解析　Divided　考查非谓语动词。句意：据展览负责人刘泽辉介绍，这场长期举办的展览分为五个部分，旨在为艺术收藏家和公众提供一个了解中国现当代版画艺术的机会，并进一步探索版画的市场价值。分析句子结构可知，divide与逻辑主语the long­running show是被动关系，故此处应用其过去分词形式作状语。首字母大写。故填Divided。 6．解析　to offer　考查非谓语动词。句意：据展览负责人刘泽辉介绍，这场长期举办的展览分为五个部分，旨在为艺术收藏家和公众提供一个了解中国现当代版画艺术的机会，并进一步探索版画的市场价值。根据句意可知，此处应用不定式短语作目的状语。故填to offer。 7．解析　further　考查副词。句意：据展览负责人刘泽辉介绍，这场长期举办的展览分为五个部分，旨在为艺术收藏家和公众提供一个了解中国现当代版画艺术的机会，并进一步探索版画的市场价值。根据句意可知，副词further在此处修饰动词explore，意为“进一步”。farther指时间或空间上更远，故此处不可用farther。故填further。 8．解析　supported　考查时态。句意：1931年，著名作家、社会活动家鲁迅在上海支持新木刻运动。根据时间状语In 1931可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填supported。 9．解析　an　考查不定冠词。句意：现代木刻在西方很流行，但在中国仍是一种重要的形式，其技术在唐代达到成熟，是在群众中传播新的革命思想的最容易接近和最有效的工具。essential是以元音音素开头的单词，故此处应用不定冠词an修饰名词form，表泛指。故填an。 10．解析　accessible　考查形容词。句意：现代木刻在西方很流行，但在中国仍是一种重要的形式，其技术在唐代达到成熟，是在群众中传播新的革命思想的最容易接近和最有效的工具。形容词accessible在此处修饰名词vehicle。故填accessible。 Ⅱ.应用文写作 (2024·邵东三中阶段练习)假定你是李华，你在暑期里参观了市博物馆举办的一次“遇见中国戏曲(Meet the Chinese Opera)”的展览，请你为你校英文报写一则评论，内容包括： 1．展览概况； 2．观展感受； 3．提出建议。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ One possible version： This summer holiday witnessed numerous visitors to the “Meet the Chinese Opera” exhibition in the city museum. To cultivate citizen's artistic accomplishment, the museum exhibited many fantastic pictures, ranging from Peking Opera, Shaoxing Opera to Kunqu Opera, bringing an audio­visual feast for the art lovers. I enjoyed every second of the display and was particularly attracted by Peking Opera Legend of the White Snake. Exposed to the plots, colors and affection, I seemed to be personally on the scene. Sincerely, I hope in the future shows can last longer and more distinguished works can be displayed. Ⅲ.读后续写 (2023·长沙实验中学检测)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 An anxious call came into Jimmy Gilleece's bar. A newly married woman, who had spent the afternoon at the bar, couldn't find her wallet. She didn't care about her ID, credit cards, or $150 in cash—but her wedding ring was inside. Gilleece didn't like the idea that a theft could have occurred at his place.So he set out to find the wallet. He spent hours looking through security­camera videos, watching the woman's every step in the bar until she went to sit on a chair outside and left when her ride arrived. Within minutes, a young man approached the bench, slipped something into his pocket, and walked off. Gilleece posted a clip (剪辑) on the bar's Facebook page. “I didn't want to punish him，” he said. “I just asked if anybody knew who the guy was.” Within hours, Gilleece got a text from 17­year­old Prather, who admitted having taken the wallet and told Gilleece he'd done it because he hadn't eaten in two days. He said he saw the ring but thought it was fake(假的), so he took the money and threw the wallet off the dock (码头) into the ocean. Then he bought a sandwich. Gilleece, unsure whether he believed Prather, told the teen to meet him at the dock, where they got talking and Prather revealed that he wasn't getting along with his family and had been living in the woods for a week. Judging from Prather's small body and red cheeks, Gilleece saw him for what he was: more of a kid than a criminal. But the police were already on the case, and because of the missing ring, Prather could be facing charges. “He would be going to big boy prison. I have to help him somehow，” Gilleece thought. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Gilleece paid two divers to search the waters where Prather had thrown the wallet. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Then suddenly a diver came up to the surface of the water. ________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ One possible version： Gilleece paid two divers to search the waters where Prather had thrown the wallet. A crowd gathered, excitedly watching the two divers searching in the strong current. Nearby, two policemen were also waiting. More than an hour passed but there was no sign of the ring. The crowd gradually got impatient, starting to talk noisily. Gilleece grew increasingly worried, especially when the policemen began questioning Prather, attempting to get him to admit keeping the ring. Each passing minute increased the chance that they would arrest the young man. Then suddenly a diver came up to the surface of the water. In his hand was the wallet and inside was the ring. Loud cheers erupted from the crowd. Gilleece quickly called the wallet's owner, who was wild with joy and immediately dropped the charges against Prather. With tears of gratitude rolling down his cheeks, Prather hugged Gilleece tightly, saying “You've saved me today. I couldn't thank you enough！” Prather promised to go back home to join his family. Gilleece's act of kindness changed a teen's life. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$