选择性必修第三册 UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE（word练习）-【导学教程】2025年英语新编高考大一轮总复习（人教版）

[对应学生用书P586] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·泰安三模)Liam Gamer was just 17 years old when he started out on his big adventure—a 32，000­kilometer bike trip from Alaska to Argentina. In early January，2023，he finally finished his trip，17 months after he started. Liam，an experienced cyclist，had previously ridden from Los Angeles to San Francisco. He made short videos of that trip，and shared them on the social media app TikTok，some of which became quite popular. After reading a book by adventurer Jedidiah Jenkins，who biked from Oregon to Argentina，Liam decided to cycle from Prudhoe Bay，Alaska，the northernmost point in the United States accessible by road，to Ushuaia，Argentina，the southernmost point of South America. Liam set out on August 1，2021.At first Liam's parents weren't too happy about him taking such a long bike trip by himself though it wouldn't take that much money. But as he carried on，his parents became his strongest supporters. After about three months，Liam had crossed the US，going south along the West Coast. By early December，he had reached Mexico，from which his parents came to the US many years ago. “So crossing the entire country on a bike and reconnecting with my culture and learning the language in the place my family is from is so deeply important to me，” Liam explained emotionally. But Liam also faced challenges in Mexico. He was robbed in Mexico，and at one point，he considered quitting because the incredible heat made biking extremely difficult. In all，he was robbed five times on the trip. He got very sick more than once. In Colombia，he had a bike accident that left him injured and required surgery.In spite of it all，he kept going through rain，sun，heat，cold，deserts and mountains. Liam finally arrived in his destination on January 10，2023—527 days after he started. He had travelled through 14 countries along the way. [语篇解读]　记叙文。文章讲述了一名经验丰富的自行车手——Liam Gamer在2021年8月1日开始他的冒险骑行之旅，从阿拉斯加到阿根廷，沿途游历了14个国家，历经艰难险阻，在2023年1月初终于完成了他的旅行。 1．What contributed to Liam's decision to bike through 14 countries? A．His previous related experiences. B．His parents' encouragement. C．A desire to shoot short videos. D．A book by Jedidiah Jenkins. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知，是在阅读了杰迪迪亚·詹金斯的书之后，开始骑车之旅的。 2．Why did Liam feel special in Mexico? A．He went there for the first time. B．He found his family tree's roots. C．He biked there as scheduled. D．He had to speak another language. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据文章第四段可知，Liam的家乡是墨西哥，骑行到此，可以接触到家乡的语言和文化。由此推知，Liam觉得在墨西哥很特别是因为他找到了家族的根源。故选B。 3．What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A．To inspire our love for nature. B．To promote low­carbon travel. C．To encourage us to see our strengths. D．To call on us to learn a kind of spirit. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Liam Gamer was just 17 years old when he started out on his big adventure—a 32，000­kilometer bike trip from Alaska to Argentina. In early January，2023，he finally finished his trip，17 months after he started.”以及倒数第二段“He got very sick more than once. In Colombia，he had a bike accident that left him injured and required surgery. In spite of it all，he kept going through rain，sun，heat，cold，deserts and mountains.”可知，Liam历经艰难险阻完成旅行。由此推知，本文写作的目的是号召我们学习一种不畏艰难，勇敢坚持的精神。 B (2023·济宁三模)What is the 15­minute city? It's the urban planning concept that everything city residents need should be a short walk or bike ride away—about 15 minutes from home to work，shopping，entertainment，restaurants，schools，parks and health care. Supporters argue that 15­minute cities are healthier for residents and the environment，creating united mini­communities，boosting local businesses，and encouraging people to get outside，walk，and cycle. Many cities across Europe offer similar ideas，but Paris has become its poster child. Mayor Anne Hidalgo has sought to fight climate change by decreasing choking traffic in the streets and fuel emissions. In 2015，Paris was 17th on the list of bike­friendly cities; by 2019，it was 8th. Car ownership，meanwhile，dropped from 60 percent of house holds in 2001 to 35 percent in 2019.The 15­minute city figured largely in Hidalgo's successful 2020 re­election campaign. The idea has also gained support in the U．S. It clearly won't work everywhere: Not every city is as centralized and walkable as Paris. Some car­dominated cities like Los Angeles and Phoenix would be hard­pressed to provide everything people need within walking distance. In addition，some urban planners argue that the 15­minute city could increase the separation of neighborhoods by income. Neighborhoods equipped with all the conveniences required by the 15­minute city also tend to have high housing costs and wealthier residents. Despite some resistance，the basic principles behind the 15­minute city are influencing planning in cities around the world，including Melbourne，Barcelona，Buenos Aires，Singapore，and Shanghai. Urban designer and thinker Jay Pitter says cities where basic needs are within walking distance create more individual freedom than needing to drive everywhere. “In a city where services are always close by，” he says，“mobility is a choice: You go where you want because you want to，not because you have to. My fight is not against the car. My fight is how we could improve the quality of life.” [语篇解读]　说明文。15分钟城市的理念是城市居民需要的一切都应该是短距离步行或骑自行车出行——从家到上班、购物、娱乐、餐馆、学校、公园和医疗中心大约需要15分钟，这对于居民来说很方便。文章主要介绍了15分钟城市的理念的起源以及人们对该理念的不同观点。 4．Which best describes the 15­minute city? A．Modern. B．Convenient. C．Entertaining. D．Smart. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据第一段中“What is the 15­minute city? It's the urban planning concept that everything city residents need should be a short walk or bike ride away—about 15 minutes from home to work，shopping，entertainment，restaurants，schools，parks and health care”可知，15分钟城市的理念是城市居民需要的一切都应该是短距离步行或骑自行车出行——从家到上班、购物、娱乐、餐馆、学校、公园和医疗中心大约需要15分钟，这对于居民来说很方便，由此可推知，B项“Convenient(便利的)”这个词最能描述出15分钟城市的特点，故选B。 5．What's the original intention for Paris to advocate the 15­minute city? A．To address climate issues. B．To beautify the city. C．To promote the bike industry. D．To help Hidalgo get re­elected. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Many cities across Europe offer similar ideas，but Paris has become its poster child. Mayor Anne Hidalgo has sought to fight climate change by decreasing choking traffic in the streets and fuel emissions.”可知，巴黎倡导15分钟城市的初衷是解决气候问题，故选A。 6．What's some urban planners' worry about the 15­minute city? A．It slows the city's expansion. B．It represents a setback for society. C．It may widen the gap between neighborhoods. D．It can cause the specialization of neighborhoods. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In addition，some urban planners argue that the 15­minute city could increase the separation of neighborhoods by income. Neighborhoods equipped with all the conveniences required by the 15­minute city also tend to have high housing costs and wealthier residents.”可知，一些城市规划者对这个15分钟城市的担心是，它可能会加大邻里之间的差距，故选C。 7．What's Jay Pitter's attitude to the concept of 15­minute city? A．Doubtful. B．Favorable. C．Critical. D．Uninterested. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Urban designer and thinker Jay Pitter says cities where basic needs are within walking distance create more individual freedom than needing to drive everywhere.”可推知，Jay Pitter对15分钟城市理念的态度是赞成的，故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·济南一模)It seems a bit strange to imagine ancient Egyptians celebrating their birthdays with layered cakes topped with lighted candles.__1__ The first birthday cakes were nothing of what they are today and weren't even called birthday cakes.__2__At that time only they could afford to celebrate with something sweet. That is how cake became associated with special occasions. Ancient Egyptians are credited with “inventing” the birthday celebration. And ancient Greeks borrowed the tradition but rightfully realized that a dessert would make the celebration all the more meaningful. So they baked moon­shaped cakes to offer up to the moon.__3__ It wasn't just the ancient Egyptians and Greeks who celebrated with sweet cakes.__4__And it's believed that the original birthday cake came from them. Rather than just celebrating birthdays，though，ancient Rome was known for celebrating all things with a cake including wedding，but there was an exception—the birthdays celebrated were only for men who were citizens，and they had to be famous. Modern birthday parties are said to get their roots from the 18th­century German celebration. On the morning of a child's birthday，he or she would receive a cake with lighted candles that added up to the child's age plus one.__5__The birthday child would make a wish，try to blow out all the candles in one breath，and dig in. A．Ancient Romans also had their traditions. B．Rather，they were symbolic of the noble class. C．Ancient Greeks made the first birthday cakes. D．On birthday，children would eat cakes made by their mums. E．They also decorated the cakes to make them shine like the moon. F．This extra candle was called the light of hope for another new year. G．However，they're the ones who first came up with the idea to do so. [语篇解读]　说明文。主要介绍了生日蛋糕的起源以及它的发展史。 1．解析　G　根据上文“It seems a bit strange to imagine ancient Egyptians celebrating their birthdays with layered cakes topped with lighted candles.”说明古埃及人的一种怪异的想法，选项G项和上文意思一致，其中they指代的就是ancient Egyptians，故选G。 2．解析　B　上文“The first birthday cakes were nothing of what they are today and weren't even called birthday cakes.”说明生日蛋糕与今天的蛋糕完全不同。下文“At that time only they could afford to celebrate with something sweet. That is how cake became associated with special occasions.”说明蛋糕的特殊性。故可推断空格处内容为蛋糕和现在不同的原因。故选B。 3．解析　E　根据上文“So they baked moon­shaped cakes to offer up to the moon.”说明对蛋糕的设计和用意。选项E说明对蛋糕的装饰，与上文语意递进，上下文语意连贯。故选E。 4．解析　A　根据上下文可推断空格处内容为还有其他国家或者地方有这样的传统习俗。故选A。 5．解析　F　上文“On the morning of a child's birthday，he or she would receive a cake with lighted candles that added up to the child's age plus one.”说明点着的蜡烛的寓意。下文“The birthday child would make a wish，try to blow out all the candles in one breath，and dig in.”也是说明蜡烛的用意。故可推断空格处应与蜡烛有关。故选F。 Ⅲ.读后续写 (2024·泉州质量监测)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 A few years ago，my wife Sue had some fairly serious health problems. She had suffered surgery after surgery and had also put on weight for several years. Diets had not helped her. One day we sat down and drew up a “wish list” of the things we wanted most out of life. One of Sue's items was to run in a marathon. Given her history and physical limitations，I thought her goal was completely unrealistic，but Sue became committed to it. She began by running very slowly around. Every day she ran just a little farther than she had the day before just one driveway more. “When will I ever be able to run a mile？” Sue asked one day. Soon she was running three. Then five. “We can change ourselves for the better and cause ourselves to pursue our most precious desires with almost total success，” Sue said and registered to run in the St. George Marathon in southern Utah. I drove the mountainous road from Cedar City to St. George. When the marathon began，I parked the car near the finish line and waited for Sue to come in. Five hours later，it was raining steadily and the wind was cold. Several cold and injured runners had been transported past me，and I began to panic. The image of Sue，alone and cold，off the road somewhere，made me sick with worry. The fast and strong competitors had finished long ago，and runners were becoming fewer and fewer. Now I could not see anyone in either direction. Almost all of the cars along the marathon route had left，and some normal traffic was beginning. I was able to drive directly up the race route. There were still no runners in view after driving almost two miles. Then I went around a bend in the road and spotted two runners running up ahead. 注意：续写的词数应为150左右。 It was Sue in the company of a girl runner，struggling. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ At the finish line，the girl hugged Sue，“You made me believe we could do it.” ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 It was Sue in the company of a girl runner，struggling. As I approached them，I noticed the pair dragging their feet and running forward awkwardly with their shoes wet. I pulled off and called. “Are you okay？” “Oh，yes！” Sue said，almost out of breath. The girl also nodded and kept moving. I had wanted to offer them a ride in，but the resolve in their eyes made me swallow back the words. I turned around and followed. Inch by inch，they were getting closer to the finish line. Eventually，the real winners in my heart ran past the finish line. At the finish line，the girl hugged Sue，“You made me believe we could do it.” She added，“Sue described so vividly how it would be to finish that I knew I could do it.” Sue smiled back. “I've been dreaming about this day for two years and I shall not be denied”. Greatly moved，the girl promised she would never quit anything easily without total success. At that moment，I looked at Sue and found she was carrying herself differently. It was not as if she had become someone new; it was more as if she had discovered a real self she had not known before. She truly liked her newly discovered self. So did I. 【导语】　文章以人物为线索展开，讲述作者的妻子苏决定参加马拉松比赛，尽管她身体不好。作者陪着她训练，苏坚持了下来。到了比赛那天，突然下起大雨，气温降低，作者开始担心苏。等比赛线路上恢复交通后，作者沿路开去，在两公里后的拐弯处看到了两个跑步者。 【详解】 1．段落续写： ①根据第一段首句可知，下文可描写苏和那个女孩的状态，以及作者想让她们坐车而被拒绝，最终陪着她们一路到终点。 ②根据第二段首句可知，下文可描写年轻女孩对苏的感谢和感受，以及作者对妻子新态度的欣赏。 2．续写线索：苏和一个女孩挣扎着跑—两人看起来很狼狈—拒绝上车—继续跑到终点—女孩拥抱苏—感激苏—女孩的感受—作者发现苏态度变化—欣赏她新的自我。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$