内容正文:
英语句子成分
English
句子成分
PART 01
句子的组成成分叫句子成分,也叫句法成分。句子成分由词或词组充当, 英语中句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语八种。
主语
主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任,表示动作的执行者或谈论的话题。
The sun rises in the east. (名词)
He likes reading books. (代词)
Four plus two is ten. (数词)
Seeing is believing. (动名词)
To see is to believe. (不定式)
What he needs is a book. (主语从句)
主语通常位于句首
谓语
谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征,是句子必不可少的成分,只有动词能充当谓语。常用动词或动词词组,放在主语后面,有时态,情态,语态和否定等变化。
I love my mother. (一般现在时)
He is doing his homework. (现在进行时)
The thief was arrested yesterday.( 一般过去时被动语态)
I don’t know what to do.(否定)
注意:在一个句子中,在没有连词没有从句的情况下有且只有一个谓语。
表语
表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分.表示主语的性质、状态和特征,也称为主语补语。由名词、形容词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、副词、介词短语或句子等充当。
①表示状态的连系动词:be、look、seem、appear、smell、taste、sound、keep、remain等
eg:The honey tastes sweet.
You are beautiful.
It sounds great.
表语
②表示转变或结果的连系动词:become,get,grow,turn,go,come等。
eg:The honey becomes translucent.
This apple went bad.
Leaves turns yellow in autumn.
宾语
宾语(object):动作的承受者或动作的对象,可由名词,代词,数词,不定式,动名词或从句等充当。
eg: I like China. (名词做宾语)
He hates you. (代词做宾语)
How many do you need? We need two. (数词做宾语)
I hope to see you again. (不定式做宾语)
Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)
1)动作的承受者-----动宾
宾语
eg: It depends on you.
Are you afraid of the snake?
The car ran out of oil.
I come from China.
2) 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
宾语
eg: He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money.
3) 双宾语-----间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物)
直物间人
=He gave a book to me yesterday.
定语
eg: You are a beautiful girl. (beautiful修饰girl)
I have two brothers. (two限定brothers)
The smiling boy is my student. (smiling修饰boy,my 修饰student)
Can you see the picture on the wall? (on the wall 修饰picture)
定语(Attributive):用于修饰或限制名词或代词的成分,定语可以由名词,形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词或短语担任,简单理解,定语就相当于是一个形容词,译为“......的”。
定语
定语可分为前置定语和后置定语
He has an honest brother.(前置)
①前置定语:放在被修饰的词