内容正文:
Unit 2 Making a difference
Section Ⅱ Using language
过去分词(短语)作定语
教材链接
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. (教材P18)... Ryan had trouble believing the words _______ (speak) by his teacher...
2. (教材P20)In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the _______ (finish) well with his own eyes.
3. (教材P20)Many _______ (inspire) people gave him their support.
以上句子中words, well和people分别与动作speak,finish和inspire之间是逻辑上的被动关系,因此___________ 形式做定语。
语法精讲
一、过去分词作定语的位置
1.单个的过去分词作定语,通常置于被修饰词前。
the broken clock坏了的钟表 the stolen backpack被偷走的背包
(1)有些过去分词,往往置于被修饰词后。
There is little time left.时间不多了。
(2)过去分词修饰something,everything,anything,nothing,nobody等不定代词或those时,常置于这些词的后面。
There will be something changed.有些东西要改变了。
He is one of those invited.他是那些被邀请的人之一。
(3)有些过去分词作定语,前置和后置的意义不同。
the tool used使用过的工具
the used tool 旧的工具
the concerned expression担忧的表情
the student concerned有关的学生
2.过去分词短语作定语,常置于被修饰词后,相当于一个定语从句。
Most of the people invited to the party came from Beijing.
=Most of the people who were invited to the party came from Beijing.
大部分被邀请参加派对的人来自北京。
二、过去分词作定语的意义
不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表示动作已完成;而及物动词的过去分词作定语,表示被动意义或已完成,抑或两者兼具。
1.只表示完成,不表示被动意义
boiled water=water that has boiled开(过的)水
the fallen leaves=the leaves that have fallen落叶
a developed country=a country which has developed发达国家
2.表示被动意义
an honoured guest一位受尊敬的客人 deeply moved people深受感动的人们
3.表示被动和完成意义
the broken glass碎了的杯子 the question discussed yesterday昨天讨论的问题
(1)英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词,其过去分词有被动意义,即“使人产生某种感觉”。
moved受感动的 amused 感到有意思的 pleased 高兴的
(2)有些及物动词的过去分词作定语,并不强调被动意义,而表示一种状态或结果。
Dressed in white,she looked very beautiful.
穿着白衣服,她看起来很漂亮。
The boy seated at the back of the classroom is clever.
坐在教室后面的这男孩很聪明。
【温馨提示】人的表情、声音如look,expression,voice,sound,tear等用过去分词修饰。
There was a surprised look on her face seeing what have happened.
看到所发生的事情后,她脸上出现了惊讶的表情。
三、现在分词与过去分词的区别
1.现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词一般表示被动含义。
2.现在分词表示正在进行,过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。
He rushed into the burning house.他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。
The child standing over there is my brother.站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。
The room facing south is our classroom