2024届高三英语一轮复习非谓语之不定式课件

非谓语动词 高考复习专题 Part 3 不定式 📕一、不定式构成 1.动词不定式的构成： 基本形式：to + 动词原形（有时可不用to） 否定形式：not + to+动词原形 被动形式：to be done 完成形式：to have done 完成式的被动语态：to have been done 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语或状语。 📕二、不定式句法功能 1.作主语： 1）不定式作主语多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作。 To walk to school takes me 15 minutes.(具体的) →It takes/took sb.+时间+to do sth. 2）不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在谓语之后。 基本形式：it is+adj./n./-ed+(for sb.) to do. 戒烟是正确的。 It is right to give up smoking. 完成这项任务花了我3个小时 It takes me three hours to finish the task. 2.　不定式作宾语 1)动词+to do 规则下列动词只能用不定式作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀: 　决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装 　decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/ wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend 　主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮 　offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help(后面跟不定式作宾语时,to可以省略) 我选择学德语而不是学法语。 I choose to learn German rather than French. 📕二、不定式句法功能 📕二、不定式句法功能 特别注意介词to后要用动名词。 (1)介词后常跟动词－ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，且前面有实义动词do时，不定式就要省略to。 (2)关注介词to的固定短语 ·look forward to...期待，盼望…… ·object to...反对…… ·be devoted to...致力于…… ·be opposed to...反对…… ·adapt/adjust to...适应…… ·lead to...导致…… 📕二、不定式句法功能 2)动词+疑问词+to do 在连接代词(what/who/which)或连接副词(where/why/when)以及whether后面接一个带to的不定式，可以看成是宾语从句的省略形式。 I don’t know whether____________(answer) his letter. I wonder what__________(do) next. 这类的动词有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, forget, find out, guess, imagine, know, learn, observe, remember, see, tell, teach, understand, wonder... to answer to do 📕二、不定式句法功能 3)动词+it+宾补+to do 此时，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的to do不定式 常用动词： make, find, feel, think, believe, consider 结构：make/find/feel think/believe/consider it+n/adj. +to do ⚠当it后面是no use或no good时，to do 应改为doing I find it hard to persuade her. 例1.我觉得回答这个问题很难 I think it hard to answer the question. 例2.我发现要吃完这顿饭是一个负担 I find it a burden to finish the meal/eat the whole food. 📕二、不定式句法功能 The event also encouraged her ____________ (found) the community. They offered_________(do) some voluntary work during the school holidays. The activity not only enabled us ________(learn) Chinese culture be