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普查与练习 15 I 合成法、转化法、缩写和简写
一张图学透
课前主题阅读与主题词普查——社交(二)
主题阅读
3500主题词普查
两组题学透
第1题
第2题
目录
第15课 构词法
合成法、转化法、缩写和简写
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随堂普查练 15 Ⅰ
目录
阅读理解A
阅读理解B
第15课 构词法
阅读理解C
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普查与练习 15 Ⅱ 派生法
一张图学透
课前主题阅读与主题词普查——互联网
主题阅读
3500主题词普查
五组题学透
目录
第15课 构词法
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后缀法、前缀法
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随堂普查练 15 Ⅱ
目录
1. 单句语法填空
第15课 构词法
课后提分练 14-15
第一题
A组
B组
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社交(二)
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社交(二)
支持与拒绝
rejection
refuse to do sth.
refusal
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disagree
support sb. in (doing) sth.
supporter
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社交(二)
交流与争吵
argue
3500主题词
普查
社交(二)
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be fluent in...
fluently
reviewer
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identity
identification
congratulate sb. on sth.
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责怪与劝告
be to blame (for sth.)
of
warn sb. not to do sth./warn sb. against doing sth.
warning
3500主题词
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社交(二)
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urge sb. to do sth.
urge against...
in urgent need of...;
urgency
appeal to sb. to do sth.
appealing
3500主题词
普查
社交(二)
P222
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两
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题
学
透
1.合成词在阅读理解中的应用
15 Ⅰ
两组题学透
P225
阅读理解。
(2025改编)
One thing that sets cycling apart from most other sports at the Olympics is technology. With the exception of a few other sports, such as sailing and rowing, most events that take place at the Summer Games usually just come down to the performances of the athletes. They try to swim and run faster, jump and climb higher, lift and hit with more strength.
In cycling, the competition is so close—often a hundredth of a second separates riders—that the difference in winning and losing can be found in the chain, the wheels, and even the helmet that they choose to wear.
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两
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学
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That is why the US team made headlines at Rio 2016 Olympic Games, when it rolled out a new bike design that moved the entire drive chain from the right side to the left. It might not catch the attention of the average bicyclists, who probably don’t even notice which side the drive
chain is on their own bikes. But it caused plenty of outcry from the Olympic Committee, since Olympic rules state that any bike used in competition must be made available to the public. But the American bike-maker Felt Bicycles only sold the new bikes to the American team. The price was $25,999 per bike.
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两组题学透
P225
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(1)What does the underlined word “outcry” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?
A. Criticism.
C. Excitement. D. Curiosity.
解析:
词义猜测题。分析句子结构可知,outcry 在句中作 caused 的宾语,且被 plenty of 修饰,应为名词。out(adv. 向外;大声地)+ cry(v. 喊叫;呼喊),由此可大致推测 outcry 有“大声呼喊、呐喊”之意。根据画线词后“since Olympic rules state that any bike used in competition must be made available to the public. But the American bike-maker Felt Bicycles only sold the
new bikes to the American team.(因为奥运会规则规定,任何用于比赛的自行车都必须向公众开放。但美国自行车制造商 Felt Bicycles 只向美国团队出售该自行车。)”可知,美国搞技术垄断是不符合比赛规则的,因此会受到奥委会的反对或批评,所以画线词应表示消极意义,故选 A 项。
B. Praise.
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P225
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2.转化法在阅读理解中的应用
阅读理解。
(2025改编)
Eleven years ago, the world as I knew it ended. My husband of 19 years was diagnosed with terminal cancer. Over the course of seven months, Bill went from beating me silly at tennis to needing my help to go to the bathroom. It was the best seven months of my life.
Maybe I don’t actually mean that. But it was certainly the time when I felt most alive. I discovered that the minor complaint of an annoying coworker, or a flat tire pales in comparison with the beauty of sincere laughter, or the smells of a bakery. There were moments of joy, laughter, and tenderness. After Bill’s diagnosis and brain surgery, I found clinical trials and talked to doctors in Texas, Pennsylvania, and New York. It gave me a sense of purpose.
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两组题学透
P226
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(2)What does the underlined word “pales” probably mean?
A. Turns whiter than usual.
C. Becomes more significant. D. Proves unreasonable.
解析:
词义猜测题。分析句子结构可知,画线词是所在句的谓语动词。 pale 作形容词时,意为“苍白的,无力的;暗淡的”,作动词时,意为“变苍白”。结合上下文语境和画线句的句意,可猜测 pale 在文中意为“显得并不是那么重要”,故选 B 项。句意:我发现相比于从真诚的笑声或面包店的香气而来的美好,那些对烦人的同事或漏气的轮胎所发的小抱怨,就显得并不是那么重要了(黯然失色)。
B. Seems less important.
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两组题学透
P226
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15 Ⅰ
随堂普查练
P226
阅读理解。
A
(2025改编)
A few weeks ago, I called an Uber to take me to the Boston airport for a flight home for the holidays. As I slid into the back seat of the car, the warm intonations(语调)of the driver’s accent washed over me in a familiar way.
I learned that he was a recent West African immigrant with a few young children, working hard to provide for his family. I could relate: I am the daughter of two Ethiopian immigrants who made their share of sacrifices to ensure my success. I told him I was on a college break and headedhome to visit my parents. That’s how he found out I go to Harvard. An approving eye glinted at me in the rearview mirror, and
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quickly, we crossed the boundaries of rider and driver. I became his daughter, all grown up—the product of his sacrifice.
And then came the fateful(致命的) question “What do you study?” I answered “history andliterature” and the pride in his voice faded, as I knew it might. I didn’t even get to add “and African-American studies” before he cut in, his voice thick with disappointment, “All that work to get into Harvard, and you study history?”
Here I was, his daughter, squandering the biggest opportunity of her life. He went on to deliver the age-old lecture that all immigrant kids know. We are to become doctors (or lawyers, if our parents are being generous)—to make money and send money back home. The unspoken demand, made across generations, which my Uber driver laid out plainly, is simple: Fulfill your role in the narrative(故事)of upward mobility so your children can do the same.
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随堂普查练
P226
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(1)What does the underlined word “headed” probably mean?
A. The part of the body on top of the neck.
B. The position in front of a line of people.
C. Being in charge of others.
D. Moving towards a place.
解析:
词义猜测题。分析句子结构可知,head 是句中宾语从句的谓语动词。 head 作名词时,意为“头;领头位置”;作动词时,意为“主管;朝(某方向)行进”。结合前后文语境和句意及地点状语 home 可知,head在这里意为“朝(某方向)行进”,故选 D 项。句意:我告诉他,大学放假了,我要前往家中看望父母。
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随堂普查练
P227
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(2)What does the underlined phrase “rearview mirror” probably mean?
A. A mirror for the driver to see the traffic behind.
B. A mirror for the driver to see the traffic from the back part of a car.
C. A mirror on the back of a car used by the driver to see the traffic.
D. A mirror on the back of a car used by the driver to see the traffic in
front of him.
解析:
词义猜测题。分析 rearview 的结构可知,该词是一个“名词 + 动词”形式的合成词。该词由 rear 和view 两个词构成。 rear 为名词,表示“后部”;view为动词,意为“看;观看”。结合上下文语境和生活常识可知,司机是把目光投向 rearview mirror,通过rearview mirror 来看坐在后座上的作者。由此可知,rearview mirror 是指车上的后视镜。分析四个选项可知,A 项符合语境,故选 A 项。句意:后视镜里,一个赞许的目光向我闪过,我们很快就越过了乘客和司机的界限。
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随堂普查练
P227
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B
(2025改编)
In the kitchen of my mother’s houses there has always been a wooden stand(木架)with a small notepad and a hole for a pencil.
I’m looking for paper on which to note down the name of a book I am recommending to my mother. Over forty years since my earliest memories of the kitchen pad and pencil, five houses later, the current paper and pencil look the same as they always did. Surely it can’t be the same pencil. The pad is more modern, but the wooden stand is definitely the original one.
“I’m just amazed you still have the same stand for holding the pad and pencil after all these years,”I say to her, walking into the living-room with a sheet of paper and the pencil. “You still use a pencil. Can’t you afford a pen?”
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随堂普查练
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My mother replies a little sharply, “It works perfectly well. I’ve always kept the stand in the kitchen. I never knew when I might want to note down an idea, and I was always in the kitchen in these days.”
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随堂普查练
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(3)Which of the following can replace the underlined word “notepad”?
B. Pen container.
C. Notice. D. Textbook.
解析:
词义猜测题。分析画线词 notepad 的结构可知,notepad 是一个“名词 + 名词”形式的合成词。 note 为名词,意为“笔记;短笺;便条”;pad 为名词,意为“便笺本”。结合 a hole for a pencil 及第二段中的“I’m looking for paper on which to note down the name of a
book...”和“the current paper and pencil look the same as they always did”可以推测,notepad 在这里是一个用铅笔来记录东西的记事本。 notebook 意为“笔记本”;pen container 意为“笔筒”;notice 意为“通告;布告”;textbook 意为“教科书,课本”,故选 A 项。句意:在我母亲的厨房里,一直存放着一个木架,这个木架上有一个小小的记事本和一个可以放铅笔的小洞。
A. Notebook.
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随堂普查练
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C
(2025改编)
Girl-on-girl bullying doesn’t only happen in girls’ schools, stresses Devon: “I see girls’ toxic friendships in all the schools I visit.”
Typically, being in a toxic friendship can influence a girl’s self-esteem. She will follow the other’s advice on diet and dressing and appears to be forgoing her own ambitions to please her friend. Her friend undermines(暗中打击)her with seemingly supportive but subtly abusive comments, leaving her to think she’s the one with the problem.
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随堂普查练
P227
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A. Abandoning.
(4)What does the underlined word “forgoing” mean in Paragraph 2?
B. Fulfilling.
C. Pursuing. D. Sharing.
解析:
词义猜测题。分析句子结构并结合画线词的构成可知,画线词 forgo 是一个合成动词。for 为介词,意为“为了;给;对 ”;go 为动词,意为“走;离开 ”,引申意为“放弃 ”。结合语境可知,这种“毒 ”友谊会损害受害者的自尊心,她会在饮食和着装上听从朋友的意见,似乎为了取悦朋友而放弃自己的抱负,画线词应表示一种消极的意义,abandon 意为“放弃,抛弃”,符合语境,故选 A 项。
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主题阅读
互联网
P228
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互联网
网络与载体
3500主题词
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互联网
P229
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普查
互联网
P238
互联网
网络技术与革新
automatically
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普查
互联网
P229
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普查
互联网
P238
technological
apply... to...
application
applied
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互联网
P229
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artificial intelligence
artificially
electricity
electric
intelligence
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互联网与日常生活
observing
observation
observer
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互联网
P229
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be accessible to...
access
to
in
confirmation
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互联网
P229
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blogger
log in/on
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wonderful
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五
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题
学
透
3.名词后缀的理解与运用
单句语法填空。
(1)Historical ____________(accurate)is important but so is entertainment. (新高考Ⅰ经典真题)
解析:
考查词性转换。根据空格前的 Historical 可知,空格处应填名词。分析句意可知,此处应表示“准确性”,是不可数名词,故填 accuracy。句意:历史准确性很重要,但娱乐也很重要。
accuracy
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五组题学透
P232
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(2)Who invented the ATM? There have been ____________(argue)for years over who should officially go down in history as“the inventor of the ATM”.
(河北衡水中学一模)
解析:
考查词性转换和名词复数。分析句子结构可知,此句为 there be 句型,在 there be 句型中,be 动词所接的名词或名词性短语为句子的主语,因此空格处应用名词形式;argument 作“争论”之意时,为可数名词,且句中谓语动词为复数形式,argument 也应用复数形式,故填 arguments。
arguments
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五组题学透
P232
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(3)What developing countries need most is to stop ____________(poor)by fighting the causes of it.
(江苏南京师大附中月考)
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处作stop 的宾语,应用名词形式; poverty 作“贫困”之意时,为不可数名词,故填 poverty。
poverty
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五组题学透
P232
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(4)When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ____________(compete)to watch, together with the story behind it.
(2025改编)
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处作know of 的宾语,需填名词;根据空格前的 an 可知,空格处应填可数名词的单数形式,故填 competition。句意:当他们不上班的时候,他们邀请我们去参加了当地的活动,并让我们了解了一个有趣的比赛及其背后的故事。
competition
15Ⅱ
五组题学透
P232
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
69
(5)The opening ___________(perform)featured children blowing on a dandelion(蒲公英)and sending the white seeds into the air.
(四川成都七中入学考试)
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处作句子的主语,应用名词形式;根据语境可知,此处 performance 作“表演 ”之意,为可数名词,这里特指“这场开幕式表演 ”,应用单数形式,故填performance。
performance
15Ⅱ
五组题学透
P232
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
70
(6)“There’s something really special to be learned from our dragon boat motto: ‘One Boat, One Beat,’” Lin said. “Paddlers come from all walks of life and that kind of ___________(close)with people is nowhere else to be seen.” (江苏南京模拟)
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处作介词 of 的宾语,应用名词形式;closeness 作“亲密”之意时,为不可数名词,故填 closeness。
closeness
15Ⅱ
五组题学透
P232
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
71
15Ⅱ
五组题学透
P232
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
72
单句语法填空。
(7)When you ____________ (apology) to your friend, make sure you look into her or his eyes. (2025改编)
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处所在的时间状语从句中缺少谓语,因此空格处应填动词;结合语境可知,此处在陈述一般事实,时态应用一般现在时,主语是 you,故填 apologize。句意:当你向你的朋友道歉时,你一定要看着她或他的眼睛。
apologize
4.动词后缀的理解与运用
15Ⅱ
五组题学透
P232
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
73
(8)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ___________(strength) your leg muscles , avoid hills and get good running shoes. (2025 改编)
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,“to your leg muscles”应为目的状语,表示“锻炼来增强腿部肌肉”,因此空格处应填动词,故填strengthen。句意:为了避免膝盖疼痛,你可以穿一双好一点儿的跑鞋,在柔软的地面上跑步,避免爬坡,并做一些锻炼来增强腿部肌肉。
strengthen
15Ⅱ
五组题学透
P232
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
74
15Ⅱ
五组题学透
P232
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
75
5.形容词后缀的理解与运用
单句语法填空。
(9)We are so proud of her. It’s__________(wonder). (2025改编)
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处位于系动词 is 后面作表语。根据句意可知,此句应表示“太棒了”,因此空格处应填形容词,故填 wonderful。句意:我们以她为荣。太棒了!
wonderful
15Ⅱ
五组题学透
P233
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
76
(10) Asking for the opinions of others for personal or ___________(profession)decisions helps one avoid making the wrong decision.
(河北石家庄二中模拟)
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处在句中作定语,与形容词 personal 为并列关系,共同修饰名词 decisions,应填形容词,故填 professional。
professional
15Ⅱ
五组题学透
P233
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
77
(11) Many experts say that exercise plays an important role in making our body __________( health). (2025改编)
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处在句中作宾语补足语。根据句意可知,空格处应表示“健康的”,应填形容词,故填 healthy。句意:许多专家说锻炼在使我们的身体变得健康这一方面起着重要的作用。
healthy
15Ⅱ
五组题学透
P233
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
78
(12)The magazine makes these ideas attractive and ___________(access)to children. (河北石家庄二中模拟)
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处与形容词 attractive 构成并列关系,共同作宾语补足语,因此空格处应填形容词,意为“容易理解的”,故填accessible。
accessible
15Ⅱ
五组题学透
P233
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
79
(13)As for my study, first of all, I have carefully reviewed the
________(base) knowledge of each subject. (2025改编)
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处应作定语修饰 knowledge。根据句意可知,此处应表示“基础的”,因此空格处应填形容词,故填 basic。句意:至于我的学习,首先,我仔细复习了每门学科的基础知识。
basic
15Ⅱ
五组题学透
P233
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
80
15Ⅱ
五组题学透
P233
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
81
6.副词后缀的理解与运用
单句语法填空。
(14)Her years of hard work have ________(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year. (2025 改编)
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处应修饰整个句子,故填副词 finally。句意:在一位顾客提名她为柴郡年度女性后,她多年的辛勤工作终于得到了认可。
finally
15Ⅱ
五组题学透
P233
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
82
(15)It is ________(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.
(2025 改编)
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处修饰形容词 fun,故填副词 certainly。句意:这当然很有趣,但这种生活方式有点不真实。
certainly
15Ⅱ
五组题学透
P233
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
83
(16)Employing 3D laser scanning technology, the researchers ___________(digital)record the shapes, colors and other fine details of the grottoes(石窟)and later reproduce them by using 3D printing technology.
(河北衡水中学二调)
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,句子不缺主要成分,空格处修饰动词 record,应用副词形式;根据句意可知,此处意为“数字化地记录 ”,故填digitally。
digitally
15Ⅱ
五组题学透
P233
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
84
7.前缀的理解与运用
单句语法填空。
(17)Some people grow up in more formal families where hugging isn’t common. Others may experience abuse that makes hugging ___________(please).
(江苏南京外国语模拟)
解析:
考查词义转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处在从句中作宾语补足语;分析语境可知,对这些可能经历过虐待的人来说,拥抱是令人不快的,因此应在pleasant 的前面加否定前缀 un-,故填 unpleasant。
unpleasant
15Ⅱ
五组题学透
P233
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
85
(18)For Hill, it is ___________(possible)not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion.“The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers,” she says.
(2025改编)
解析:
考查词义转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处在句中作表语。根据第二句内容可知,中国人在时尚领域扮演着重要的角色,因此当谈及时尚时,不可能不把中国作为领先者来讨论,因此该空应填形容词,且词义为“不可能的”,故填 impossible。此处为双重否定表肯定。
impossible
15Ⅱ
五组题学透
P234
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
86
15Ⅱ
五组题学透
P233
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
87
1. 单句语法填空。
(1)Four years after graduation from college, Luo Jiajia, who works at China Green Foundation CGF answered an inner calling to lead a more ___________(mean )life.
(湖南长郡中学模拟)
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处作定语修饰名词 life,应填形容词。根据句意可知,此处意为“有意义的”,故填 meaningful。
meaningful
15Ⅱ
随堂普查练
P234
随
堂
普
查
练
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
(2)Injury, ________(ill), love, and lost moments of true greatness all occur to test the limits of your soul. (2025改编)
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处与名词 Injury, love 以及 lost moments of true greatness 作并列主语,应用名词形式,故填 illness 。句意:伤害、疾病、爱以及真正伟大的消逝都是对你灵魂极限的考验。
illness
15Ⅱ
随堂普查练
P234
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
89
(3)Today, satellite data and computer technology help scientists predict the weather more ____________(precise). (2025改编)
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处修饰动词 predict,应用副词形式,故填 precisely。句意:如今,卫星数据和计算机技术帮助科学家更为精确地预测天气。
precisely
15Ⅱ
随堂普查练
P234
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
90
(4)The kids were very ________(friend) with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mothers. (人大附中一模)
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处位于系动词 were 后作表语,被副词 very 修饰,应填形容词。根据句意可知,此处表示“友好的”,故填friendly。句意:孩子们对她非常友好,甚至把她当作自己的母亲一样来尊敬。
friendly
15Ⅱ
随堂普查练
P234
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
91
(5)Insiders comment that Bing Dwen Dwen is a great ___________(combine)of Chinese culture and the Olympic spirit.
(河南南阳一中三模)
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,该空在句中作表语,且由形容词 great 修饰,所以应用名词形式;根据语境可知,该空表示“结合 ”,又因空格前有不定冠词 a 修饰,所以此处应填可数名词的单数形式,故填 combination。
combination
15Ⅱ
随堂普查练
P234
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
92
(6)For this year’s international Pay it Forward Day(PIFD)we are aiming to inspire over 10 million acts of kindness around the world. Imagine the ___________(different)that would make!
(辽宁二轮复习联考)
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处由定冠词 the 修饰,且在句中作 Imagine 的宾语,应填different 的名词形式;make a difference 为固定搭配,意为“有影响”,故填 difference。
difference
15Ⅱ
随堂普查练
P234
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
93
(7)School uniforms are ____________(tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. (2025 改编)
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处位于系动词 are 后作表语。根据句意可知,此处表示“传统的”,应填 tradition 的形容词形式 traditional。
traditional
15Ⅱ
随堂普查练
P234
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
94
(8)A rural tour to the province might allow travelers to have a glance at their daily lives as well as the ___________(develop)of China’s rural areas in recent years. (福建龙岩一中月考)
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处由as well as 连接,与 their daily lives 并列,共同作 at 的宾语;且空格处由定冠词 the 修饰,应用名词形式,development 意为“发展”时,为不可数名词,故填development。
development
15Ⅱ
随堂普查练
P234
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
95
(9)There is a general ___________(recognize)of the urgent need for educational reform.
(河北石家庄二中模拟)
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格前有形容词 general 和不定冠词 a,且空格处作 there be句型的主语,因此应填可数名词的单数形式,故填recognition。
recognition
15Ⅱ
随堂普查练
P234
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
96
(10)After the opening of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, Bing Dwen Dwen, like hotcakes, ___________(incredible) went viral overnight.
(河北“五个一”名校联盟考试)
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处修饰动词 went,应用副词作状语,故填 incredibly。
incredibly
15Ⅱ
随堂普查练
P234
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
97
(11)China’s first manned deep-sea submersible(潜水器), Jiaolong, set a world diving record for submersibles of its kind by reaching a ________(deep) of 7,062 meters in the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean. (2025改编)
解析:
考查词性转换。根据空格前的 a 及空格后的介词 of 可知,空格处应填名词,故填 depth。reach a depth of 为固定搭配,意为“深度达……”。句意:中国第一艘载人深潜器“蛟龙”号在太平洋马里亚纳海沟下潜 7062 米,创造了同类潜水器下潜深度的世界纪录。
depth
15Ⅱ
随堂普查练
P234
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
98
(12)In fact, all I need to do is trust my ________ (create) talents and find moments of joy in life. (北京海淀区一模)
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处在句子中作定语,修饰名词 talents,所以空格处应填形容词,故填 creative。句意:事实上,我所需要做的就是相信自己的创造才能,找到生活中的快乐时刻。
creative
15Ⅱ
随堂普查练
P234
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
99
课
后
提
分
练
A 组(巩固提升)
一、单句语法填空。
1. Nowadays, producing meat and dairy products___________(be)stressful for the environment.
(湖北八校联考二模)
解析:
考查主谓一致和动词的时态。分析句意并结合时间状语 Nowadays 可知,此句表示现在发生的事情,应用一般现在时。因为句子主语 producing meat and dairy products 为动名词短语且为单数概念,因此谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故填 is。句意:现在,生产肉类和奶制品对环境造成了压力。
is
14-15
课后提分练
P71
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
100
2. It doesn’ t impress like George Washington’ s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’ s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, _________________
(prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
(浙江经典真题)
解析:
考查主谓一致和动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,并列连词 but 连接两个并列分句,Lincoln’s home 为单数概念,在第二个分句中作主语,空格处为该分句的谓语动词,应用第三人称单数形式;根据 since 引导的时间状语从句可知,此处应用现在完成时,故填 has proved/has proven。句意:它不像George Washington 在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象,但是 Lincoln 在伊利诺伊州的斯普林菲尔德市中心的住所自从对公众开放以来,对游客来说一直都是无法抗拒的地方。
has proved/has proven
14-15
课后提分练
P71
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
101
3. The brain is like other organs, such as the kidneys and heart, which ___________(be)similar enough to be transplanted between women and men quite successfully. (浙江义乌适应性考试)
解析:
考查主谓一致和动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,“which
similar enough to… quite successfully”为非限制性定语从句 , 空格处为从句的谓语动词。主句为一般现在时,which 引导的非限制性定语从句也应是一般现在时;先行词 the kidneys and heart 为复数概念,因此空格处应用复数形式,故填 are。
are
14-15
课后提分练
P71
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
102
4. The report says 50.3 percent of elderly users ______ (learn) how to use WeChat from their children or grandchildren today. (2025改编)
解析:
考查主谓一致和动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,“50.3 percent of elderly users how to use WeChat from their children or grandchildren today”为宾语从句,从句的主语为 50.3 percent of elderly users。当“百分数或分数 + of + 名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式要与 of 后面名词的单复数形式保持一致,所以谓语动词应该用复数形式。根据时间状语 today可知,该句应该用一般现在时,故填 learn。句意:该报告称,如今 50.3% 的老年用户从他们的子女或孙子孙女那里学习如何使用微信。
learn
14-15
课后提分练
P71
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
103
5. According to recent statistics, 160,000 high school students skip school every day due to bullying, and one out of every ten teens ________(drop) out of school entirely. (河北石家庄二中模拟)
解析:
考查主谓一致和动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,并列连词 and 连接两个并列分句,前一分句是一般现在时,后一分句也应该为一般现在时。在“and one out of every ten teens out of school entirely”中,句子的主语是 one out of every ten teens,为单数形式,所以谓语动词也应用单数形式,故填 drops。句意:根据最近的统计,每天有 16 万名高中生因受到欺凌而逃学,并且每十个青少年中就有一个完全辍学。
drops
14-15
课后提分练
P71
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
104
6. What she presents to the readers ________(be) not just food, but also the profound traditions and tremendous changes occurring in the country behind the flavors. (2025改编)
解析:
考查主谓一致和动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,句子的主语“What she presents to the readers”是一个名词性从句。当名词性从句充当句子主语时,谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式。分析语境和句意可知,该句时态为一般现在时,故填 is。句意:她向读者所呈现的不只是食物,还有隐藏在这些味道背后的深厚的传统和这个国家正在发生的巨大变化。
is
14-15
课后提分练
P71
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
105
7. Collecting stones and growing flowers ________(be)my father’s hobbies. (江苏镇江中学月考)
解析:
考查主谓一致和动词的时态。根据句意可知,句子描述父亲的喜好,应用一般现在时。分析句子结构可知,空格处为句子的谓语动词,Collecting stones and growing flowers 为主语且为复数概念,谓语动词也应用复数形式,故填 are。
are
14-15
课后提分练
P71
‹#›
of
133
1
of
133
106
8. Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they ____________(throw) away. (2025 改编)
解析:
考查主谓一致、动词的时态和语态。分析句意并根据主句时态可知,空格处所在的从句也应用一般现在时,且 they 和 throw 之间是动宾关系;主语 they是复数形式,故填 are thrown。句意:一次性塑料袋最多用几次后就被扔掉了。
are thrown
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9. One third of the area ______________(affect)by the severe drought in
the past two months.
(黑龙江鸡西实验中学期中)
解析:
考查主谓一致、动词的时态和语态。根据时间标志词 in the past two months 可知,句子的时态应用现在完成时。分析句子结构可知,空格处作句子的谓语,One third of the area 为句子的主语;“分数或百分数 + of + 名词”作主语时,其谓语动词形式要与 of后面名词的单复数形式保持一致;the area 为单数,谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式,且主语与动词affect 之间为动宾关系,因此谓语动词应用被动语态,故填 has been affected。
has been affected
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10. During the COVID-19 outbreak, touching our faces—the “T-zone” of our eyes, nose and mouth in particular—can mean giving ourselves the ________(dead) virus. (2025改编)
解析:
考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处修饰名词 virus,因此空格处应填形容词。dead 为形容词,意为“死亡的,无生命的”,不符合语境。根据句意可知,空格处应该填一个符合病毒特征的形容词,deadly 表示“致命的”,符合语境,故填 deadly。句意:在新型冠状病毒爆发期间,触摸我们自己的脸,尤其是眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴形成的 T 区,可能意味着向自己传播致命的病毒。
deadly
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11. Dr. Naismith is today best known for one thing—he was the ___________(invent)of basketball.
(安徽江淮十校第一次联考)
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处作句子的表语,且由定冠词 the 修饰,应填名词;根据句意可知,此处表示“Naismith 博士是篮球的发明者”,故填 inventor。
inventor
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12.Moreover, in the _________________(propose)for the 14th Five-Year Plan(2021—2025), the Central Committee said the country should speed up the building of waste recycling systems.
(河北衡水中学六调)
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处作介词 in 的宾语,且由定冠词 the 修饰,应填名词;proposal/proposition 作“倡议;提议”之意时,为可数名词;又因此处特指“第 14 个五年规划的倡议”,应用单数形式,故填 proposal/proposition。
proposal/proposition
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13. It is reported that the 14 elephants ________ (current) at the park will be relocated to the nearby Boston community forest. (2025改编)
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处修饰介词短语 at the park,因此应填副词 currently。句意:据报道,目前在公园的 14 头大象将被重新安置到附近的波士顿公有林。
currently
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14. I have been working out a lot and have succeeded in losing weight. Because of this, I have become much more ___________(optimism), confident and outgoing. (2025改编)
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处与其后的形容词 confident 和 outgoing 并列作表语,因此空格处也应填形容词,故填 optimistic。
optimistic
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15. It is Tom, rather than you, that ___________(be)to blame.
(福建福州一中期中)
解析:
考查主谓一致和动词的时态。根据句中的 is 可知,时态应用一般现在时。分析句子结构可知,句子是强调句句型,原句应是“Tom, rather than youto blame.”;主语为 Tom,是第三人称单数,谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式,故填 is。
is
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B 组(冲刺满分)
二、语法填空。
A
(2025改编)
As the world’s population grows, a lot of wild animals 1. ________ (force) to leave their natural home. Many a wild animal is in danger. People kill them for food or fur, because they compete with humans for food supplies. Luckily, animal rescue organizations are working hard to preserve endangered animals and give them help. More and more people 2. ________ (realize) the importance of protecting wild animals now.
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As the world’s population grows, a lot of wild animals 1. _________(force) to leave their natural home. Many a wild animal is in danger. People kill them for food or fur, because they compete with humans for food supplies.
解析:
考查主谓一致、动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,句子的主语为 a lot of wild animals。当 a lot of 修饰名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式应根据 a lot of 所修饰名词的单复数而定。wild animals是复数形式,所以谓语动词也要用复数形式。分析语境并结合句意可知,a lot of wild animals 和 force 之间是动宾关系,所以句子要用被动语态。结合上下文和常识可知,该句所描述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,故填 are forced。句意:随着世界人口的增长,许多野生动物被迫离开它们的家园。
are forced
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Luckily, animal rescue organizations are working hard to preserve endangered animals and give them help. More and more people 2. _________ (realize) the importance of protecting wild animals now.
解析:
考查主谓一致和动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,该句的主语为 More and more people。当“more and more + 名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。根据语境和时间状语 now 可知,该句应用现在进行时,故填 are realizing。句意:越来越多的人如今正意识到保护野生动物的重要性。
are realizing
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B
(2025改编)
Golden Gate Park 3. ________ (be) in San Francisco, California. It is one of the largest urban parks in the United States. Over one million colorful flowers, trees and other plants 4. ________ (grow)in the park. But originally most of the park 5. ________ (cover) in sand. After a lot of work, it was finally built in 1870. Today, there 6. ________ (be) many people visiting the park every day. They play basketball, soccer, golf and many other sports there. The park is closed in many places to traffic so people can walk, cycle, or skate freely.
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Golden Gate Park 3. ________(be) in San Francisco, California. It is one of the largest urban parks in the United States.
解析:
考查主谓一致和动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,该句的主语为 Golden Gate Park(金门公园),是第三人称单数形式,谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式。根据语境和句意可知,该句描述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,故填 is。句意:金门公园位于加利福尼亚州的旧金山。
is
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Over one million colorful flowers, trees and other plants 4. ________(grow) in the park.
解析:
考查主谓一致和动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,该句的主语为并列结构 Over one million colorful flowers, trees and other plants。当 and 连接的并列结构作主语,且表示不同的概念时,谓语动词要用复数形式。根据语境和语意可知,该句所描述的内容是客观事实,应用一般现在时,故填 grow。句意:公园里种植了超过一百万种多彩的花、树和其他植物。
grow
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But originally most of the park 5. ____________(cover) in sand.
解析:
考查主谓一致、动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,该句的主语为 most of the park。当“most of + 名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式应和 most of 后面名词的单复数形式保持一致。由于 the park 是单数形式,所以谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式。根据副词 originally 可知,该句应用一般过去时。分析句意可知,park 与 cover 之间为动宾关系,应用被动语态,故填 was covered。句意:但最初公园的大部分都被沙子覆盖。
was covered
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After a lot of work, it was finally built in 1870. Today, there 6. ________(be) many people visiting the park every day. They play basketball, soccer, golf and many other sports there. The park is closed in many places to traffic so people can walk, cycle, or skate freely.
解析:
考查主谓一致和动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,此处为 there be 句型,句子主语为 many people。主语是复数形式,因此 be 动词也应用复数形式。根据 today 可知,该句应用一般现在时,故填 are。句意:如今,每天都有许多人参观这个公园。
are
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C
(2025改编)
The practice of tea culture can bring the spirit and wisdom of human beings to a higher level. Tea has an 7. ________ (extreme) close relationship to Chinese culture, and its study covers a wide field and has very rich content. There is no doubt that it has been beneficial to improving social 8. ________ (achieve) and people’s appreciation of art.
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The practice of tea culture can bring the spirit and wisdom of human beings to a higher level. Tea has an 7. ____________ (extreme) close relationship to Chinese culture, and its study covers a wide field and has very rich content.
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处修饰形容词 close,所以空格处应填副词,故填 extremely。
extremely
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There is no doubt that it has been beneficial to improving social 8. __________________(achieve) and people’s appreciation of art.
解析:
考查词性转换和名词复数。分析句子结构可知,空格处位于形容词之后,与people’s appreciation of art 并列,作 improving 的宾语,所以应填名词。根据语境可知,此处应表示“成就 ”,achievement 作“成就 ”之意时,为可数名词。因为空格前没有限
定词修饰,应填可数名词的复数形式表泛指,故填achievements。句意:毫无疑问,一直以来它都有益于提高社会成就和人们的艺术欣赏能力。
achievements
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D
(2025改编)
Every new year of the last decade I set a personal challenge. My goal was to grow in new ways outside my day-to-day work running Facebook. That led me to learn Mandarin, code an AI 9. ________(assist) for my home, read more books, run a lot more, and get more 10. ____________ (comfort) with public speaking.
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When I started these challenges, my life was almost all about building the Facebook website. Now there’s so much more to learn. At Facebook, we’re building lots of different apps and technology and we’re handling a lot more social 11. _________________________(responsible). And outside Facebook, I’m a father now and I love spending time with my family, working on our charity and improving at the sports and hobbies I have picked up over the past years.
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D
(2025改编)
Every new year of the last decade I set a personal challenge. My goal was to grow in new ways outside my day-to-day work running Facebook. That led me to learn Mandarin, code an AI 9. ________(assist) for my home, read more books, run a lot more, and get more 10. ____________ (comfort) with public speaking.
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处作动词 code 的宾语,所以应填名词。根据句意可知,此处应表示“助手”,assistant 意为“助手”,为可数名词,且根据空格前的不定冠词 an 可知,应填可数名词的单数形式,故填 assistant。
assistant
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D
(2025改编)
Every new year of the last decade I set a personal challenge. My goal was to grow in new ways outside my day-to-day work running Facebook. That led me to learn Mandarin, code an AI 9. ________(assist) for my home, read more books, run a lot more, and get more 10. ____________ (comfort) with public speaking.
解析:
考查词性转换。分析语境可知,此处表示“对……应付自如”,应用 get comfortable with,故填comfortable。句意:这让我开始学习普通话,为家里编写了一个人工智能助手,还让我读了更多的书,跑了更多的步,对公开演讲更加应付自如。
assistant
comfortable
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When I started these challenges, my life was almost all about building the Facebook website. Now there’s so much more to learn. At Facebook, we’re building lots of different apps and technology and we’re handling a lot more social 11. _________________________(responsible). And outside Facebook, I’m a father now and I love spending time with my family, working on our charity and improving at the sports and hobbies I have picked up over the past years.
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处位于形容词 social 的后面,且作 handle 的宾语,应填名词。根据句意可知,此处表示“责任,义务”,responsibility 意为“责任,义务”时,既可以作不可数名词,也可以作可数名词,且空格前有 a lot more 修饰,故填 responsibility 或 responsibilities。句意:在Facebook上面,我们正在开发许多不同的应用程序和技术,同时也正在承担起更多的社会责任。
responsibility/responsibilities
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E
(2025改编)
A professional bookseller pairs their knowledge of books with salesmanship, helping communicate the value of a book to potential customers. The ideal description of a book combines an accurate list of important features along with a 12. _________ (detail)description of the condition of the individual copy. There’s plenty of room in an online book description for a professional bookseller to stress on the 13. _________ (important)of a particular work.
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The ideal description of a book combines an accurate list of important features along with a 12. _________(detail) description of the condition of the individual copy.
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处修饰名词 description,应用提示词的形容词形式,故填detailed。句意:对一本书的理想描述要结合一个准确的重要特征列表以及对每一本书的状况的详细描述。
detailed
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There’ s plenty of room in an online book description for a professional bookseller to stress on the 13. __________ (important) of a particular work.
解析:
考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知,空格处作stress on 的宾语,应用名词形式,故填 importance。句意:对于专业书商来说,在线图书描述中有足够的空间来强调一个特定作品的重要性。
importance
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$$