第3章 炎症_1概述（课件）-高一《病理学·第4版》同步教学（科学出版社）

第三章 炎症 inflammation 病理学 炎症概述 内、外源性损伤因子引起机体组织细胞损伤时，机体局部和全身发生复杂反应。 目的-消灭和清除损伤因子 修复损伤 本质-防御为主的反应 认识炎症的意义 病理学 病理学 Stimuli 病理学 病理学 Acne is a skin condition that shows up as different types of bumps. They include whiteheads, blackheads, red bumps (pimples), and bumps that are filled with pus (cysts). What causes these annoying bumps? Well, your skin is covered with tiny holes called hair follicles, or pores. Pores contain sebaceous (say: suh-bay-shus) glands (also called oil glands) that make sebum (say: see-bum), an oil that moistens your hair and skin. Most of the time the glands make the right amount of sebum, and the pores are fine. But sometimes a pore gets clogged up with too much sebum, dead skin cells, and germs called bacteria. This can cause acne.If a pore gets clogged up, closes, and bulges out from the skin, that's a whitehead. If a pore clogs up but stays open, the top surface can get dark and you're left with a blackhead. Sometimes the walls of the pore are broken, allowing sebum, bacteria, and dead skin cells to get under the skin. This causes a small, red infection called a pimple. Clogged-up pores that open up deep in the skin can lead to bigger infections known as cysts. 病理学 病理学 Lobed nucleus Azurophil granules 病理学 These leukocytes have a distinctive nucleus consisting of three to five lobes, and contain cytoplasmic granules (primary or azurophil and secondary or specific). PMNs in the peripheral blood 病理学 Acute Bronchopneumonia 病理学 The PMN's seen here are in alveoli, indicative of an acute bronchopneumonia of the lung. The PMN's form an exudate in the alveoli. This patient had a "productive" cough because large amounts of purulent sputum were produced. The source, the neutrophilic alveolar exudate, is seen here. Horse-shoe shaped nucleus 病理学 Monocytes: are leukocytes with a horseshoe-shaped nucleus. When activted or after eating with something, Mac can assuem various look 病理学 病理学 B and T lymphocytes: accumulate at sites of chronic inflammati