第7章 呼吸系统疾病_4肺癌（课件）-高一《病理学·第4版》同步教学（科学出版社）

Section 5 Lung tumors 大多数原发肺癌源于支气管上皮 (Lancet 355: 479, 2000) 肿瘤死亡原因之首 发病随年龄和吸烟史上升 性别 Gender (male-to-female ratio is 2:1) 早发现预后好 Early detection (operable)— Good prognosis 病理学 呼吸系统疾病 diseases of the respiratory system Background. Lung cancer is one of the commonest malignant neoplasms all over the world. It accounts for more cancer deaths than any other cancer. It is increasingly being recognized in India. Lung cancer is the most lethal of cancers worldwide, causing up to 3 million deaths annually. Only one in ten patients diagnosed with this disease will survive the next five years. Most lung carcinomas are diagnosed at an advanced stage, conferring a poor prognosis. The need to diagnose lung cancer at an early and potentially curable stage is obvious. In addition, most patients who develop lung cancer smoke and have smoking-related damage to the heart and lungs, making aggressive surgical or multimodality therapies less viable options. Although lung cancer was previously an illness that affected predominately men, the lung cancer rate for women has been increasing in the last few decades, which has been attributed to the rising ratio of female to male smokers. More women die of lung cancer than any other cancer, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer and uterine cancers combined 第七章 呼吸系统疾病 病理学 呼吸系统疾病 diseases of the respiratory system 病理学 呼吸系统疾病 diseases of the respiratory system 病 理 学 第五章 肿 瘤 病理学 呼吸系统疾病 diseases of the respiratory system Etiology ① Cigarette smoking 烟雾中有害物质：包括一氧化碳、尼古丁、砷、镍等。 其他多种生物学作用， 对呼吸道、心血管、胃肠、神经系统和肝、肾等器官都有不同程度的损害。 吸烟与肺癌有因果关系：３，４－苯并芘、煤焦油 病理学 呼吸系统疾病 diseases of the respiratory system 　目前我国有３亿“烟民”，青少年吸烟有增加的趋势。 ５亿20岁以下的青年人中可能有２亿人经常吸烟，其中成百万人将由于吸烟而至残，约５千万人将因吸烟而死于肺癌、心脏病或其他肺部疾患。 京、津、沪等大城市男性成年人吸烟率近５０％，女性近５％ 临床确诊的肺癌病例中，纸烟２０支/日以上，历时３０年以上，约占８０％以上。 吸烟之害，触目惊心! 病理学 呼吸系统疾病 diseases of the respiratory system 吸烟者痰内检出