第6章 心血管系统疾病_1动脉粥样硬化（课件）-高一《病理学·第4版》同步教学（科学出版社）

Cardiovascular system 心血管系统疾病 病理学 心血管系统疾病 the heart and the blood vessels disease 病理学 心血管系统疾病 the heart and the blood vessels disease 动脉粥样硬化 冠状动脉粥样硬化和冠心病 高血压病 风湿病 感染性心内膜炎 心瓣膜病 心肌病和心肌炎 病理学 心血管系统疾病 the heart and the blood vessels disease Section 1 动脉粥样硬化 Atherosclerosis 病理学 心血管系统疾病 the heart and the blood vessels disease Atherosclerosis causes harm by (1) occluding arteries slowly over time (angina, ischemic scarring of the myocardium, atherosclerotic dementia, leg claudication, intestinal angina, having one kidney waste away to a hypertension-producing nubbin); (2) occluding arteries suddenly by rupture of plaques (thrombosis, atheroembolization) or hemorrhages into plaques (myocardial infarct, atherosclerotic stroke, gangrene of the bowel); (3) weakening the walls of arteries (atherosclerotic aneurysms, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers of the aorta). 大动脉（弹力型）… 主a，肺a 中动脉（肌型）…冠状a，肾a 小动脉（直径2mm） 细动脉（直径20-100m） …组织器官中 病理学 心血管系统疾病 the heart and the blood vessels disease 大动脉（large artery）包括主动脉、无名动脉、颈总动脉、锁骨下动脉、椎动脉和髂总动脉等。大动脉的管壁中有多层弹性膜和大量弹性纤维，平滑肌则较少，故又称弹性动脉（elastic artery）。除大动脉外，其余凡在解剖学中有名称的动脉 属中动脉（medium-sizde artery）。中动脉管壁的平滑肌相当丰富，故又名肌性动脉（muscular artery）。管径1mm以下至0.3mm以上的动脉称为小动脉（small artery）。小动脉包括粗细不等的几级分支，也属肌性动脉。 病理学 心血管系统疾病 the heart and the blood vessels disease 6 Aorta (elastic artery), artery, vein, capillary: Know all the differentiating histologic features 波及大中动脉 动脉内膜的病变 粥样纤维脂质斑块 动脉粥样硬化 概述 病理学 心血管系统疾病 the heart and the blood vessels disease A good working rule: The pulmonary arteries do not get serious atherosclerosis. Otherwise, if an artery has its own name, it can be significantly affected by atherosclerosis. The aortic surfaces of the aortic valve cusps are also prone to the disease at all stages Blockage (preceded by narrowing) 2) Rupture Preceded by weakening) 病理学 心血管系统疾病 the heart and the blood vessels disease Two types of vascular diseases: Atherosclerosis Everything else 8 病理学 心血管系统疾病 the heart and the blood vessels