第5章 肿瘤_4（课件）-高一《病理学·第4版》同步教学（科学出版社）

Section 6 肿瘤对机体的影响 病理学 肿瘤 neoplasia Can you imagine this tumor being well defined and/or being “encapsulated”? 2 3 Note the sharply demarcated border and a thin capsule in this neoplasm which is composed of both proliferating fibrous stroma (fibro) and glands (adenoma). The tumor is at the right and normal breast is at the left. As shown in this view the fibroadenoma, a benign tumor, is well circumscribed and has a fibrous capsule. This view shows the proliferation of benign appearing fibroblasts (arrows) (i.e. the "fibro" component), and several glands (the "adeno" component). The invasiveness aspect of solid tumors is how “cancer” got its name, i.e., “crab”-like 4 Invasiveness (aka, “infiltration”) has BOTH gross as well as microscopic connotations 5 ① 激素效应：内分泌腺良性肿 瘤产生全身影响 分化好/生长慢/影响小 良性肿瘤对机体的影响 ②恶性变： A.多发性（结肠多发性腺瘤→结肠癌） B.复发多（腮腺多形性腺瘤→腮腺癌） 多为局部症状（压迫或阻塞） 肠息肉状腺瘤 病理学 肿瘤 neoplasia 病理学 肿瘤 neoplasia 病理学 肿瘤 neoplasia 病理学 肿瘤 neoplasia 分化差/生长迅速/浸润及转移/影响大 ①侵袭、浸润与转移 ②发热（无感染性发热） ③瘤栓形成 ④肿瘤伴随综合症 ⑤恶病质： ⑥复发（肿瘤经治疗后重又出现） ★异位内分泌肿瘤：非内分泌肿瘤产生激素及激素样物质。 III 恶性肿瘤对机体的影响 病理学 肿瘤 neoplasia 1. 良性肿瘤 Benign tumor (1) 局部Local: 压迫和阻塞oppress & obstruction (2) 全身 General: hormone 2. 恶性肿瘤 Malignant tumor (1) 局部Local ①压迫和阻塞Oppress and obstruction ② 破坏周围组织 Destroy surrounding tissue: e.g ulcer, perforation ③ 出血和感染 bleeding and infection ④ 疼痛 Pain (2) 全身 General ① Hormone ② Fever ③ Cachexia 病理学 肿瘤 neoplasia Section 7 良性和恶性肿瘤的区别 病理学 肿瘤 neoplasia Can you imagine this tumor being well defined and/or being “encapsulated”? 13 14 Note the sharply demarcated border and a thin capsule in this neoplasm which is composed of both proliferating fibrous stroma (fibro) and glands (adenoma). The tumor is at the right and normal breast is at the left. As shown in this view the fibroadenoma, a benign tumor, is well circumscribed and has a fibrous capsule. This view shows the proliferation of benign appearing fibroblasts (arrows) (i.e. the "f