2024年中考人教版英语一轮复习 课件 专题十二　动词的语态

专题十二　动词的语态 语法专题篇 考点　语态的分类和构成 [考点剖析] 一、动词语态的分类 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 1．主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 Many people speak English there. 那里有很多人说英语。 考点解读 2．被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动词的对象。 Chinese is spoken by many people. 很多人说汉语。(Chinese是动词speak的承受者) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词(用done表示)”构成。常见的4种时态的被动结构如下： 时态 被动结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are＋done This kind of car is made in China. 这种车是中国制造的。 时态 被动结构 例句 一般过去时 was/were＋done The flying disk was invented by college students.这种飞碟是大学生们发明的。 一般将来时 will/shall＋be＋done The bridge will be finished in a month. 这座桥将在一个月后竣工。 情态动词 情态动词＋be＋done Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。 三、主动语态变被动语态的方法 1．图示 2．口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词用被动。 3．变换步骤： (1)将主动句的宾语变为主语。如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。 Tom saved him.→He was saved by Tom. 汤姆救了他。 (2)将动词改为“be＋过去分词”。be动词与新主语保持一致，时态不变。 They held a meeting yesterday. →A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。 (3)将主动语态的主语改为by...放在谓语动词后。如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。 He sang a song.→A song was sung by him. 他唱了一首歌。 四、常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊结构 1．含有双宾语(即直接宾语和间接宾语)的句子，多把间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。 Jack told us the truth. →We were told the truth by Jack. 杰克告诉了我们真相。 2．主动语态中有些感官动词(如hear、see、watch、notice等)后用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把动词不定式符号to还原。 hear (see) sb.do sth. →sb.be heard (seen) to do sth. We heard the girl play the piano in the music classroom. →The girl was heard to play the piano by us in the music classroom. 我们听见那个女孩在音乐教室弹钢琴。 3．主动语态中有些使役动词(如make、let等)后用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，同样要把动词不定式符号to还原。 make sb.do sth.→sb.be made to do sth. The teacher makes his students do much homework every day. →His students are made to do much homework by the teacher every day. 那位老师让他的学生每天做很多家庭作业。 [考点抢测] 把下列句子改成被动语态 1．We can finish the work in two days. The work by us in two days. 2．They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk by them in Suzhou. can be finished is produced 3．The children will sing an English song. An English song by the children. 4．We should plant some trees in our school. Some trees