Unit 2 Section A Grammar Focus 课件 2023-2024学年人教版英语八年级下册

Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks. Grammar Focus 教 材 链 接 I'd like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job. She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. I'm making some signs to put up around the school. 语法探究 语 法 详 解 一、短语动词 动词与其他一些词构成的起动词作用的短语称为短语动词。短语动词的结构可分为以下六种基本类型: 类型 用法 例子 动词+副词 这类短语动词可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词;用作及物动词时,如果宾语为名词,放在副词前后均可;如果宾语为人称代词,要放在动词和副词之间 cheer up振奋起来;clean up打扫干净;put up张贴;fix up修理;give away赠送;give out分发;hand in上交;put off推迟;think over仔细考虑;turn down调低 类型 用法 例子 动词+ 介词 该类型的短语在词义上相当于一个及物动词,宾语总是位于介词之后 look after照顾;look for寻找;hear of听说;care for照顾;laugh at嘲笑;worry about担心;listen to听;look at看;agree with同意 类型 用法 例子 动词+副词+介词 在这类短语动词中,动词、副词、介词紧密结合,已成为一体,词义上相当于一个及物动词,宾语总是位于介词之后 run out of用光;get out of离开;come up with想出;catch up with赶上;look forward to盼望 动词+ 名词 这类短语动词中常见的动词有have, take, tell, make等 have a rest休息一下;take a walk散步;make mistakes犯错;have a try试一下;take place发生;tell lies撒谎 类型 用法 例子 动词+名词+介词 这类短语动词只用作及物动词,名词前可加形容词说明程度,宾语总是位于介词之后 make friends with与……交朋友;pay attention to注意;make fun of取笑;take care of照顾 be+形容词+介词 这类短语动词也相当于及物动词,宾语位于介词的后面,形容词是短语动词的真正词义所在 be late for迟到;be busy with忙于;be fond of喜爱;be good at擅长;be different from与……不同 二、动词不定式 1. 定义 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能作谓语。动词不定式通常由“to+动词原形”构成,其中to是动词不定式符号,没有实际意义。动词不定式的否定形式是“not to+动词原形”。 2. 用法 3. 动词不定式不带to的情况 (1)在固定短语had better之后。had better do sth.意为“最好做某事”,其否定形式是had better not do sth.。如:You'd better go home now. (2)在使役动词和感官动词后作宾语补足语时,不带to。这类动词有:feel,listen to,hear,let,make,have,look at,see,watch,notice。如:I didn't see you come in. (3)在why not之后。“Why not+不带to的不定式?”与“Why don't you do ...?”同义,可以用来提出建议或劝告。如:Why not go with us? (4)动词不定式在help后作宾语补足语时,可带to也可不带to。如:Could you help me (to) carry the heavy box? 一、单项填空 ( )1. (2023西藏) —Remember to _ your glasses before doing eye exercises. —Sure, I will. A. take off B. t