Unit 2 Section 3 Grammar—复习被动语态-【赢在微点】轻松课堂2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版）

Section 3　Grammar—复习被动语态 一、动词的被动语态构成一览表(以ask为例) 常用被动语态 构成 常用被动语态 构成 一般现在时 am/is/are asked 现在完成时 have/has been asked 一般过去时 was/were asked 过去完成时 had been asked 一般将来时 will/shall be　 asked 过去将来时 would/should be asked 现在进行时 am/is/are being asked 过去将来完成时 would have been asked 过去进行时 was/were being asked 含有情态动词 can/must/may ... be asked 1.被动语态的用法。 (1)当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。 Every classroom in this school is being equipped with a new TV set. 在这所学校里,每间教室都正在装备一台新的电视机。 (2)为了强调动作的承受者时。 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 参观者被要求不可触摸展品。 (3)出于策略、委婉、礼貌等不指出动作的执行者时。 You are said to be active recently. 据说你最近很活跃。 2.含有情态动词的被动语态。 含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成。 You might be asked to speak at the meeting. 可能请你在会上发言。 3.短语动词的被动语态。 “动词+介词或副词”构成的短语动词,以及“动词+名词+介词”构成的短语动词,在被动语态中不要漏掉后面的介词或副词。 A man who is much talked about is always very attractive. 被谈论多的人经常很有吸引力。 4.关于“get+过去分词”。 在英语口语中,有时可用“get+过去分词”构成被动语态。 I tried to find my way round London without a map and got lost. 我试图不带地图在伦敦寻路,结果迷路了。 注:“get+过去分词”这种结构比较常见的搭配有get arrested/caught/confused/delayed/divorced/dressed/drowned/drunk/ elected/engaged/hit/killed/lost/married/stuck等。 5.主动形式表示被动意义。 (1)有些系动词,如taste,sound,prove,feel,look,smell,remain,appear等本身含有被动意义。 They often eat in that restaurant because the food there tastes delicious. 他们常到那家餐馆吃饭,因为那里的饭菜可口。 (2)表示主语的某种属性特征的动词,如read,write,sell,open,shut,begin,wash,wear,cut,lock,play,drive等。这类动词后面常接一个修饰语。 Books of this kind sell well. 这类书很畅销。 注意事项:①被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后面加not。 ②据说类动词用在It is said/believed/supposed/reported that ..., It is generally considered that ..., It is well known that ... 等,及It must be admitted/pointed out that ... 等结构中常以被动形式出现。 ③不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态(即多数的瞬间动词):appear, die, disappear, end, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silent, lose heart, take place等。 ④不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch, agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed