内容正文:
Section 3 Grammar—不定式用法
语法图解
观察领悟
①Would you like to watch the film with me?
②To catch the train, wed better hurry to the station.
③To finish that task will take 7 days.
④Im glad to be traveling with you.
⑤Im sorry to have lost your key.
⑥These are the books to be given out to the students.
⑦We decided not to go out because of the bad weather.
⑧What he hoped was to be admitted into the university.
我的领悟
1.句①②③中的不定式分别作宾语、状语、主语。句④⑤⑥分别用了不定式的进行式、完成式、被动语态。
2.不定式的否定形式在to前面加not, 如句⑦。
3.句⑧中不定式作表语。
一、不定式的含义
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式,其结构是“to+动词原形”,否定形式为“not+to+动词原形”。动词不定式在句中不充当谓语,不受主语的限制,但有时态和语态的变化。
二、不定式的时态和语态
一般式: to do, 被动语态 to be done
进行式: to be doing, 无被动语态
完成式: to have done, 被动语态 to have been done
三、不定式的功能
1.不定式作主语。
①To master a language is not an easy thing.
掌握一门语言不是件容易的事情。
注意:动词不定式作主语时,为了保持句子平衡,避免头重脚轻,可将动词不定式放在后面,而用it作形式主语放在原主语的位置。如果要说明动作的执行者,可在动词不定式前加for sb;但如果表语是描述动作执行者的性质、品格的形容词,如kind, nice, smart, clever等时,则应在动词不定式前加of sb。
②Its necessary to find the witness.
有必要找到目击者。
③Its nice of you to help me with my English.
你帮助我学习英语,真是太好了。
2.不定式作表语。
不定式作表语,常说明主语的内容、性质和特征或表动作将要发生。表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作。
①My dream is to enter Peking University.
我的梦想是考入北京大学。
②My job is to keep the children safe.
我的工作是保护孩子们的安全。
3.不定式作宾语。
常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有:(需要记住!!!)
agree, afford, appear, ask, attempt;
care, choose, claim;
dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine;
expect, fail, get, guarantee;
hate, hesitate, hope, hurry;
intend, learn, manage, offer;
plan, prepare, pretend, promise;
refuse, seem, tend, threaten;
want, wish等
①He began to learn English at the age of four.
他四岁开始学英语。
注意:动词feel, find, make, think, consider等后面可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式,构成feel/find/make/... it+adj./n.+to do ... 结构。
②I find it difficult to remember everything.
我发现很难记住一切。
4.不定式作宾语补足语。
带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有:要求、允许、建议(ask, allow, advise)、期望、邀请、鼓励(expect, invite, encourage)、教导、告诉、想要(teach, tell, want)、等待、希望、愿意(wait for, wish, would like/love)。
动词不定式作补语,在主动语态里不带to,被动语态里带to,此用法中的多数动词是感官动词和使役动词,包括:一感 (feel),二听 (listen to, hear),三