UNIT 3 Section Ⅲ LESSON 2-【金版新学案】2023-2024学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅲ　LESSON 2 [核心单词] 1．wrap the gifts　　　　　　　　　　 把礼物包起来 2．①be hard to swallow 难以下咽 ②be swallowed by the darkness 被黑暗吞噬 3．eat with chopsticks 用筷子吃饭 [拓展单词] 1．packaging n．包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料 →package v．将……包装好；包装 2．consumer n．消费者→consume vt．消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完 →consumption n.消费 3．wasteful adj．浪费的； 挥霍的 →waste v．浪费 n．浪费 4．transportation n．交通运输系统，运输方式 →transport n．运输工具 v．(用交通工具)运输，运送 5．dirt n．灰尘，尘土 →dirty adj．肮脏的；污秽的 6．realistic adj．现实的，实际的 →real adj．真实的；实际存在 →realize v．实现；了解，认识到 7．innovative adj．新颖的，创新的，革新的 →innovate v．引入(新事物、思想或方法)；创新；改革 →innovation n．创新，革新 8．refillable adj．可再填充的 →refill v．再装满；重新装满 9．aware adj．意识到的，明白的 →awareness n．意识；觉悟；认识 10．collection n．收集；收藏品；专辑 →collect v．收集；采集 11．anxious adj．焦虑的，不安的 →anxiously adv．不安地 →anxiety n．担心；焦虑；渴望 12．reusable adj．可再使用的，可重复使用的 →reuse v．再次使用；重复使用 [阅读单词] 1．packet n．　　　　　　　 小包，小盒 2．shell n. 壳；贝壳 学生用书↓第97页 3.bin n. 垃圾箱 4．carton n. 硬纸盒；塑料盒 5．cutlery n. 餐具 6．council n. 委员会；理事会 [重点短语] 第一组　汉译英 1．set out 开始做某事，着手进行 2．end up doing ... 以做……结束 3．as a result 结果 4．contribute to 对……做贡献 第二组　英译汉 5．stop off 中途停留 6．do away with 废除 7．stop...from doing ... 阻止……做…… 8．throw away 扔掉 [典型句式] 根据课文语境和汉语提示补全句子 1．句型公式　keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语 教材原句　And it keeps the coconut clean(保持椰子的清洁) during the transportation process. 2．句型公式　so that引导目的状语从句 教材原句　Some food packaging cannot be recycled, and that's not good enough－the packaging should be changed so that it's recyclable(以便它可以回收). set out开始做某事，着手进行 (教材原句)In the week when the government sets out its new environmental programme, Kevin McCabe and Alicia Stewart consider the problem of food packaging waste. 在政府公布其新环境计划的那一周，凯文•麦凯布和艾丽西娅•斯图尔特考虑到了食品包装浪费的问题。 set aside　　　　 　　留出；把……放置一旁；不理会；取消 set up 建立；准备；安排 set down 放下；记下；让……下车 set out (to do) 动身；出发；开始(做)…… 着手/开始(做)某事 佳句　We sent out to paint the whole house but finished only the front part. 我们开始油漆整个房子，但只完成了前面部分。 ◎练透——用set的相关短语填空/语境辨义 ①He was asked to set down what the teacher said in case he might forget it. ②You should try to set aside a few minutes each day to take exercise even if you are busy. ③We set off at dawn so that we could get to the coast before lunch time.出发；动身 ◎写美——一句多译 ④我们一到农场就开心地摘起苹果来。 →Upon arriving at the farm，we set about picking apples joyfully．(set about) →Upon arriving at the farm，we set out to pick apples joyfully．(set out) [中国元素]　In legend, people set off firecracker to scare the monster “Nian” away. Nowadays, we set off firecrackers to bid a farewell to old days and celebrate the start of the New Year. 传说以前人们放鞭炮以驱赶年兽，而如今，我们以劈劈啪啪的爆竹声辞旧迎新。 学生用书↓第98页 aware adj．意识到的，明白的 (教材原句)Two friends, Lisa and Amy are discussing how to become more environmentally aware.丽莎和艾米这两个朋友正在讨论如何提高环保意识。 (1)be/become aware of/that...　　　　　　 知道……/察觉到…… (2)awareness n. 认识，意识 build/raise/increase one's awareness of 树立/加强/增强某人对……的意识 佳句　Everyone should be aware of the importance and urgency of protecting the environment. 每个人都应该意识到保护环境的重要性和紧迫性。 ◎练透——单句语法填空 ①It was Mr Liu who made me aware of the importance of learning English well. ②During that time，increasing environmental awareness(aware)made it desirable. ◎写美——词汇升级 ③Through the activity, we realize the necessity of carrying out a low-carbon economy in our country. →Through the activity, we are aware of the necessity of carrying out a low-carbon economy in our country. [巧学助记] We should raise awareness of safety—that is，be aware of safety issues and potential dangers in our daily life. 我们应该提高安全意识，也就是说，要意识到日常生活中的安全问题和潜在危险。 anxious adj．焦虑的，不安的 (教材原句)I just get anxious when I think of the impact we have on the environment. 当我想到我们对环境的影响时，我只会感到焦虑。 (1)be anxious about/for　　 为……担心/担忧 be anxious to do sth 渴望做某事 (2)anxiety n. 担心；焦虑；渴望 with anxiety 焦虑地 (3)anxiously adv. 焦虑地 佳句　After leaving her office, I was anxious, wondering how to tell the bad news to my parents. 离开她的办公室后，我很焦虑，不知道如何把这个坏消息告诉父母。 ◎练透——单句语法填空 ①Lost in the mountain, they had nothing to do but wait for rescue anxiously(anxious)． ②Faced with the problems above, I am anxious to get(get) your help. ◎写美——应用文之比赛 ③他焦急地等待着结果，如坐针毡。 He was waiting for the results with anxiety as if he was sitting on pins and needles. 课时精练(十三)　LESSON 2 (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [基础达标] 维度一　根据汉语意思或首字母提示填入单词的适当形式 1．Tom wrapped(包) a book in a newspaper. 2．The first time I went to the seaside, I picked up a great many shells(贝壳)． 3．He stuffed the newspapers into a litter bin(垃圾箱) and headed down the street. 4．The new council(委员会) would consist of about 20 finance ministers. 5．His company offers a flexible packaging(包装盒) service for the food industry. 6．The postman tried to put the packets(小盒) through the letter box. 7．We make use of chopsticks in China instead of knives and forks on the table. 8．He was so hungry that he swallowed up a whole turkey. 维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 1．There is no doubt that the consumers(consume) are still very sensitive to the price. 2．People try to avoid public transportation(transport)delays by using their own cars. 3．My friend Lily showed me a large collection (collect) of CDs that evening. 4．Something that is innovative(innovate) is new and original. 5．Earth Day，marked on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness (aware) of environmental protection. 6．Anxious about the coming exam, I can hardly fall asleep at night. 7．The bag is reusable (reuse). It can be used many times. 8．His grandmother thinks it too wasteful (waste) for him to order the meal in the hotel. 9．We should encourage pupils to set realistic(real) goals. 10．The once beautiful rivers have turned into smelly and dirty(dirt) dustbins. 维度三　完成句子 1．虽然我们对火星所知甚少，但是人类已开始探测火星。(set out) Though we know little about Mars, man has set out to explore Mars. 2．我们渴望知道考试结果。(anxious) We are anxious to know the results of the exam. 3．许多吸烟的人都意识到了吸烟对自身健康的危害。(aware) Many smokers are aware of the harm of smoking to their own health. 4．你不应该让她在寒冷的天气中等两个小时。(keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语) You shouldn't have kept her waiting for two hours in such cold weather. 5．我邀请你们来这里是为了让你们更好地了解中国文化。(so that引导目的状语从句) I would like to invite you here so that you can better understand Chinese culture. [素能提升] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023•湖北省武汉市高二上联考) A new study focused on birds examines how the movements of rivers in the Amazon have contributed to that area's exceptional biological diversity. The research team, led by the American Museum of Natural History, found that as small river systems change over time, they spur the evolution of new species. The findings also reveal previously unknown bird species in the Amazon that are only found in small areas next to these dynamic river systems, putting them at high risk of extinction. The lowland rainforests of the Amazon River basin harbor(藏匿) more diversity than any other ecosystem on the planet. It is also a globally important biome(生物群落)containing about 18 percent of all trees on Earth and carrying more fresh water than the next seven largest river basins combined. Researchers have long wondered and hotly debated how the Amazon's rich biodiversity arose and accumulated. “Early evolutionary biologists like Alfred Russel Wallace noticed that many species of primates and birds differ across opposite riverbanks in the Amazon，” said the study's lead author Lukas Musher.“Moreover, accumulating geological evidence has suggested that these rivers are highly dynamic, moving around the South American landscape over relatively short time periods, on the order of thousands or tens of thousands of years.” To investigate how the movement of rivers across the landscape has influenced the accumulation of bird species in the Amazon, the researchers sequenced the genomes(基因组)of six species of Amazonian birds. Because these rivers move around the landscape at different time scales, their movements can have varying outcomes for bird species: when river rearrangements occur quickly, populations of birds on each side can combine before they've had time to differ; when river changes happen slowly, species have a longer time to diverge from one another. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了亚马孙河的流动是如何促成该地区非凡的生物多样性的。 1．What does the underlined word “spur” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Stimulate.　 B．Renew. C．Pursue. D．Interrupt. A　[词义猜测题。根据第一段中“The research team...the evolution of new species.”可知，亚马孙河的流动促成该地区非凡的生物多样性，这说明小型河流系统会发生变化，从而刺激新物种的进化。由此推断，spur可以解释为“导致，引起，刺激”。故选A项。] 2．What have researchers debated on? A．What the Amazon's biodiversity indicates. B．How Amazon bird species are at risk of distinction. C．Whether the Amazon has the richest biodiversity. D．How the Amazon's biodiversity was formed. D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Researchers have long wondered...arose and accumulated.”可知，研究人员在争论亚马孙河的生物多样性是如何形成的。故选D项。] 3．What can we conclude from Lukas Musher's words? A．There are six species of American birds. B．River movement may lead to the Amazon's biodiversity. C．Most species differ across opposite Amazon riverbanks. D．Rivers move very slowly in South America. B　[推理判断题。根据第三段可知，卢卡斯•穆舍认为河流运动可能导致亚马孙河的生物多样性。故选B项。] 4．What has influenced the change of bird species in the Amazon? A．The location of river movement. B．The populations of birds. C．The speed of river movement. D．The amount of the genomes. C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，河流移动的速度影响了亚马孙地区鸟类种类的变化。故选C项。] B (2023•湖北省高二上月考) Shared e-scooters (电动滑板车) are becoming common across Australia. While they may offer a low-carbon option for tourism, do they benefit tourist cities? Our research team at Griffith University's Cities Research Institute partnered with Neuron Mobility to conduct a survey of Townsville tourists between 2020 and 2021. We analyzed the visiting e-scooter users' travel and spending behaviors. Though their e-scooter hire costs were identical (一样的)，the visitors who rode the e-scooters the most spent most money in Townsville. The active e-scooter users completed average 11 e-scooter trips, covering nearly 26 kilometers each while in Townsville. Many of these trips would have been completed by walking if e-scooters were unavailable. But they would have taken longer to complete each trip on foot, thus limiting the total number of destinations visited. Some other trips wouldn't have occurred at all. One user commented, “We enjoyed being able to travel to areas that we would not normally have been to or were too far to walk in a reasonable amount of time.” Many of these users said they did not need to use a car thanks to the e-scooters. This meant they were able to travel along the streets in Townsville without being trapped in the already busy roadways. Across all the e-scooter users surveyed, most had never ridden an e-scooter before, but 91 percent reported they could ride it easily. Confirming the positive effect of e-scooters on both city image and visitor experience, 93 percent said they enjoyed travelling within Townsville. Besides, of all the visitors, active users spent more money on restaurants and cafes than the conditions without using e-scooters. Light users also spent a greater amount of money, mainly on shopping and services. Henry, an e-scooter user said, “The weekly pass was extremely cost-effective. I highly recommend it and I will use e-scooters again.” In fact, tourist cities like Townsville that adopt e-scooter sharing are promoting their image and tourism economy. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了共享电动滑板车是否对旅游城市有益。 5．What will happen to the place where e-scooters are available? A．Visitors can visit more attractions. B．No trips will be finished on foot. C．Visitors will be charged less money. D．It will take visitors longer to get around. A　[细节理解题。根据第三段可知，有电动滑板车的地方，游客可以游览更多的景点。故选A。] 6．What can be known about travelling in Townsville by car? A．Cars will make tourists miss some views. B．Visitors will be easily stuck in traffic jams. C．Cars will take visitors to many places of interest. D．Visitors will feel relaxed and comfortable to travel. B　[细节理解题。根据第四段可知，汤斯维尔开的街道很繁忙，在汤斯维尔开车的话，很容易被堵在路上。故选B。] 7．Why does the author mention the expenses of the visitors? A．To confirm e-scooters are easy to handle. B．To describe tourists' experiences in Townsville. C．To show e-scooters help promote local economy. D．To compare spending ways between active and light users. C　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后两句以及最后一段“In fact, tourist cities like...their image and tourism economy.”可知，游客在使用电动滑板车的情况下会比不使用时消费更多，直接的结果就是会带动当地的经济。所以作者提到游客的费用是为了说明电动滑板车有助于带动当地的经济。故选C。] 8．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Tourism Booms in Townsville Thanks to E-scooters B．Townsville Encourages Its People to Use E-scooters C．Tourists Benefit from Local Traditional Transportation D．E-scooters Are Becoming the Main Means of Transportation A　[标题归纳题。文章首段就说明了作者的研究小组就共享电动滑板车是否对旅游城市有益的问题，对汤斯维尔的游客做了调查。文章围绕着该调查展开，结果证明了像汤斯维尔这样采用共享电动滑板车的旅游城市正在提升城市形象和旅游经济。所以A选项“汤斯维尔的旅游业蓬勃发展得益于电动滑板车”最适合作文章标题。故选A。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Having trouble in sleeping can be frustrating and may leave you feeling exhausted and sluggish (迟缓的)． 1 You can really improve your sleep by doing as follows. Do relaxing things before sleep. Although you may have a busy schedule, set aside some time to calm down before getting ready for bed. Try finding a simple, calming activity to do before going to bed, like taking a warm bath or reading a good book. Avoid using screens such as cellphones before you go to bed. 2 Have your last meal or snack in moderation (适量). Eating too much food before sleep can have an effect on how well you sleep or how easy it is to fall asleep. Additionally, drinking too much water before sleep can cause you to wake up and use the bathroom. 3 Eat a balanced dinner so you're not too hungry nor too full at bedtime. 4 Although it may seem silly, try keeping your clocks hidden in your room. If a clock is too visible, you may be tempted to keep looking at it, which can make you anxious. Instead, set your alarm and keep any clock hidden from view as you relax and allow yourself to fall asleep. Limit the length of napping (打盹)． 5 Getting in many quick naps or just a few long ones can make you feel less sleepy when it's time for sleep. So try to avoid taking naps at all if you're struggling to sleep well at night. Avoid taking any naps that are longer than 30 minutes. Try to cut out napping entirely if you are able to do so. A．Avoid watching the clock if you can't sleep. B．Try not to think over stressful things before sleep. C．If you are going through it, just make a few adjustments. D．It's obvious that frequent naps may affect your sleep patterns. E．There are many things that can make it hard for you to fall asleep. F．A solution to it is to make sure you're getting enough physical activity. G．With this in mind, always avoid drinking or eating too much before sleep. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了改善睡眠的几个方法。 1．C　[上文“Having trouble in sleeping can be frustrating and may leave you feeling exhausted and sluggish(迟缓的)．”提到睡眠问题让人沮丧，下文“You can really improve your sleep by doing as follows.”提到可以通过一些方法改善睡眠，C项中的it指代上文“Having trouble in sleeping”。故选C项。] 2．B　[根据本段主题句“Do relaxing things before sleep.”可知，本段主要讲睡前做一些放松的事情，即睡觉前不要有压力。故选B项。] 3．G　[上文“Eating too much food...to wake up and use the bathroom.”讲述了睡前暴饮暴食的坏处，所以睡前要避免暴饮暴食。故选G项。] 4．A　[根据下文“Although it may seem silly, try keeping your clocks hidden in your room.”及“Instead, set your alarm and keep any clock hidden from view as you relax and allow yourself to fall asleep.”可知，本段主要讲述睡前不要看闹钟。故选A项。] 5．D　[根据下文“Getting in many quick naps or just a few long ones can make you feel less sleepy when it's time for sleep.”可知，打盹影响睡眠模式。故选D项。] Ⅲ.语法填空 (2023•山东省高二上质量检测) Water shortage is one of the 1. (great) crises facing us today, with two thirds of the global population living in areas 2. water is scarce(稀缺的) for a month or more every year. There are two contributing factors to this problem: increasing global demand 3. water, and unsustainable means by which these demands are being met. Yet, despite global water usage already increasing threefold(三倍) over the last fifty years, it 4. (predict) that there will be a further 60%－100% increase in water usage by 2050. This is not just 5. matter of turning the tap off when you brush your 6. (h), cutting your showers down to 3 minutes, or sharing the washing-load with your flatmates. In fact, daily activities of human make up less than 4% of our total water consumption, with the 7. (remain) 92% falling into two “invisible” categories: the industrial production of household items, and the production of food. Astonishingly, 69% of our total daily water consumption comes from the 8. (grow) and production of food alone. 9． (unfortunate), there is no single go-to reference book for the exact number of litres used in the production of any individual food item. This is a hard pill to swallow, for we have other factors 10. (consider) when weighing up the benefits of every food choice: taste, cost and convenience. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了水资源短缺是我们今天面临的最大危机之一以及造成水资源短缺的两个因素。 1．greatest　考查形容词的最高级。根据该空前的“one of the”可知，此处应该用形容词最高级，表示“最……的之一”。故填greatest。 2．where　考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词为areas，且从句中不缺少成分，所以此处应用关系副词，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 3．for　考查介词。demand for意为“对……的需求”，为固定搭配。故填for。 4．is predicted　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语，和动词predict之间是被动关系，句子是描述一个事实，故本句应该用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is predicted。 5．a　考查冠词。a matter of...“一个……的问题”，为固定短语，matter的发音是以辅音音素开头。故填a。 6．teeth　考查名词的单复数。h为可数名词，此处应用其复数形式，零冠词表类指。故填teeth。 7．remaining　考查词性转换。此处应填形容词修饰其后面的名词，表示“剩下的”。故填remaining。 8．growth　考查词性转换。根据该空前的冠词the可知，此处要用名词，与名词production并列。故填growth。 9．Unfortunately　考查词性转换。此处应用副词作状语，修饰整个句子，首字母应大写。故填Unfortunately。 10．to consider　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to consider。 学生用书↓第99页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$