UNIT 3 Section Ⅰ TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1-【金版新学案】2023-2024学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（北师大版2019）

UNIT 3　 CONSERVATION 单元目标速览 Section Ⅰ　TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1 　 夯 实 双 基 语 篇 理 解 语 篇 全 解 互 动 探 究 课 时 精 练 内 容 索 引 语　篇　理　解 索引 Step One: Pre-reading How much do you know about the sixth extinction? Answers may vary. Step Two: While-reading 1．Read for the main idea The text is mainly about avoid the sixth extinction the extinctions of species and the reasons and how to ． 2. Read for the structure hitting decrease warming effect destroyed risk action up methods destroying 3.Read for details Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers. (1)Why does the author mention the extinctions in history in the first paragraph? A．To show us the terrible disasters for mankind. B．To tell us the climate's impact on wildlife. C．To introduce the topic of this text to the readers. D．To warn us of the potential disasters for mankind. (2)What worries us most according to the author? A．The destruction of our habitat. B．The rapid progress of species' dying out. C．The environmental pollution. D．The imbalance of nature. √ √ (3)What can we infer from the third paragraph? A．Human beings are closely related to nature. B．Most living things will die out in the future. C．No forest will exist on the earth in the future. D．Oxygen will soon disappear on the earth. (4)What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A．To show us what to do to avoid the sixth extinction. B．To tell us what to do to conserve our environment. C．To encourage us to save more energy in our life. D．To explain why we should protect the natural environment. √ √ Step Three：Post-reading 1．品质升华 (1)What do you think are causes for great extinctions? (批判性思维) There are natural causes, such as, volcanic eruptions, asteroids hitting the Earth from space, changes in sea levels, the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming. Besides, human activities are to blame. (2)What should we do as students? (创造性思维) We should change our way of living to protect the planet we live on. For example，we can go to school by bus or on foot, reduce water waste and use less plastic bags. We can also call on others to protect the environment together. 2．难句解构 (1)句式分析___________________________ 让步状语从句 ________________________the rate____________________________“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 is cause for concern. 尝试翻译　_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, at which this is now happening 虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝发生的速度让 人担忧。 (2)句式分析____________________________， 条件状语从句 scientists________________________believe ___________________________ 定语从句 __________________________． 宾语从句 尝试翻译　_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ If a sixth mass extinction occurs who have studied the issue that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out 研究该问题的科学家们相信，如果发生第六次大灭绝，地球 上多达四分之三的物种有可能灭绝。 3．语言赏析 (1)赏用词之美 We need to change how we work and travel by using cleaner, more natural sources of energy, such as wind and solar energy. We also need to improve our farming methods to reduce water, air and land pollution. In short, if we want to survive, we need to stop destroying the planet that we live on and start to protect it. 本段中表达了三个需要，分别用need, also need以及In short，...we need...。 (2)析意境之妙 Of course, as we humans depend on so many species for our survival , we would also be at risk of dying out. Our world and our lives depend on the balance in nature between animals and plants. Without forests, we would have no air to breathe，and without clean water we would be unable to survive. 本段中表达了人类与自然界的赖以生存的关系，而且还使用含蓄条件句表达了人与自然的相互依赖。 索引 语　篇　全　解 索引 [1]known as the “Great Dying”为动词-ed形式短语作后置定语，与which引导的非限制性定语从句共同修饰the third mass extinction。 ①wipe out彻底毁灭 ②unusual /ʌn'juːʒuəl/ adj．异常的；不平常的 [反义]usual adj. 惯常的，通常的 ③varied /'veərid/ adj. 各种各样的，形形色色的 ④volcanic eruption 火山喷发 ⑤asteroid /'æstərɔɪd/ n．小行星 ⑥decrease /dɪ'kriːs/ n．减少；减少的量 vi．& vt．减少 ⑦be to blame把……归咎于 blame vt．责怪，指责 名师圈点 THE SIXTH EXTINCTION Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out① , are not unusual② in our Earth's history.In fact, over 90 percent of all species that ever lived are now extinct. In the last 500 million years，there have been five times when life on Earth has almost ended. These include the third mass extinction, known as the “Great Dying”， which killed 90% to 96% of all species.[1]And the fifth event, which occurred 66 million years ago，caused the death of the dinosaurs. The reasons for extinctions are varied③ . According to scientists, they include volcanic eruptions④， asteroids⑤ hitting the Earth from space, changes in sea levels, the decrease⑥ of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming.Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth's sixth mass extinction. This time, human activity will be to blame⑦. 原文呈现 [2]at which this is now happening为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the rate。介词at的选用是考虑到与 rate 搭配。 [3]why so many species are dying out为why引导的定语从句，修饰先行词reasons ，why在从句中作状语。 ⑧at...rate 以……的速度 rate n．速度；比率 ⑨cause for concern担忧的原因 ⑩based adj. 在……居住(或工作) ⑪ look at思考，考虑，研究 ⑫factory farming 工厂化养殖 ⑬overfishing n．过度捕捞 [构词法]over-可用作前缀，表示“太，过于”。 overproduction n．生产过剩 overconfident adj. 过分自信的，自负的 ⑭affect /ə'fekt/ vt．影响 [辨析]effect n．效应，影响 名师圈点 Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally, the rate⑧at which this is now happening [2] is cause for concern⑨.A 2015 study by scientists who were based⑩ at Brown University and Duke University in the US, looked at⑪ how quickly species die out due to natural causes, that is, the“background extinction rate”. They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1，000 times faster than normal. There is a long list of reasons why so many species are dying out：[3]air and water pollution, forests being destroyed, factory farming⑫ and overfishing⑬. It is clear that human activity has negatively affected⑭ all other species on Earth, including animals and plants. 原文呈现 [4]If 引导条件状语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词scientists；that 引导宾语从句。 [5]该句为含蓄条件句。 介词短语 Without forests和without clean water 相当于条件， we would have no air to breathe和we would be unable to survive表示与现在事实相反的假设。 ⑮survival n．生存，存活 survive vi. 生存，存活 ⑯be at risk 处境危险，受到威胁 名师圈点 If a sixth mass extinction occurs, scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out.[4] Of course, as we humans depend on so many species for our survival⑮，we would also be at risk⑯ of dying out. Our world and our lives depend on the balance in nature between animals and plants. Without forests, we would have no air to breathe，and without clean water we would be unable to survive.[5] 原文呈现 ⑰avoid (doing) sth 避免(做)某事 ⑱take action 采取行动 [近义] take steps/measures 采取措施 ⑲endangered/ɪn'deɪndʒəd/ adj．濒危的 ⑳solar adj. 太阳光(能)的；solar energy/power太阳能 ㉑in short总之，简言之 [同义] in a word/in brief 名师圈点 Can a sixth extinction be avoided⑰？ Experts say that it is not yet too late, if we take action⑱now. This would mean we have to significantly change the way we live. For example, we need to take steps to save endangered⑲ species，including setting up special areas where plants and animals can be protected. We need to change how we work and travel by using cleaner, more natural sources of energy, such as wind and solar⑳energy. We also need to improve our farming methods to reduce water，air and land pollution.In short㉑，if we want to survive, we need to stop destroying the planet that we live on and start to protect it. 原文呈现 ㉒lay eggs下蛋，产卵 ㉓begin a programme 开始一项计划 ㉔raise 熟词生义vt. 饲养，培育 ㉕hatch /hætʃ/ vi. & vt. (使)孵化 ㉖restore /rɪ'stɔː/ vt．(使)恢复 ㉗habitat /'hæbɪtæt/ n．(动植物的)生活环境，栖息地 natural habitat 天然栖息地 wildlife habitat 野生动植物栖 息地 名师圈点 Case Study The Black Robin Black robins are the birds that humans saved from extinction. In 1980, there were only five black robins left in the world.They all lived on a small island off the coast of New Zealand. Only one of those birds, a female called Old Blue, was able to lay eggs㉒. Wildlife workers began a programme㉓ for raising㉔black robin chicks. They protected Old Blue's eggs, helped them to hatch㉕, and took care of the chicks. Thanks to their efforts, there are now more than 250 black robins, and the population is spreading. To help them survive，people are restoring㉖ their habitats㉗ and removing small animals that hunt them, such as mice and cats from the islands where they live. 原文呈现 译文参考 第六次物种灭绝 物种灭绝，即整个物种的完全消失，在地球的历史上并不罕见。事实上，曾经存在的物种中90%以上现在都已经灭绝。在过去的五亿年中，地球上出现过五次生物几乎全部灭绝的情况。这其中包括称为“大灭绝”的第三次灭绝，在那期间90%至96%的物种灭亡了。6 600万年前发生的第五次灭绝导致了恐龙的灭亡。灭绝的原因各不相同。科学家认为原因包括火山爆发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面变化、海洋含氧量下降和全球变暖。许多科学家认为地球的第六次大灭绝即将来临。这次，人类活动是 肇因。 虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝发生的速度让人担忧。2015年美国布朗大学和杜克大学的科学家进行的一项研究，调查了物种因自然原因灭亡的速度，即“背景灭绝率”。他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度比正常情况快1 000倍。导致这么多物种正在消亡的原因有很多：空气和水污染、森林被毁、工厂化养殖和过度捕捞。显然，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。 研究该问题的科学家们相信，如果发生第六次大灭绝，地球上多达四分之三的物种有可能灭绝。当然，由于人类的生存依赖很多物种，我们也会有灭绝的危险。我们的世界和我们的生命依赖于动植物之间的自然平衡。没有森林，我们就不能呼吸空气；没有干净的水，我们将无法生存。 第六次灭绝可以避免吗？专家说，如果我们现在采取行动还为时不晚。这意味着我们必须极大地改变生活方式。例如，我们要采取措施拯救濒临灭绝的物种，包括建立动植物的特殊保护区。通过使用更清洁、更自然的能源来改变我们的工作和出行方式，例如风能和太阳能。我们还需要改进耕作方式，减少水、空气和土地污染。简言之，我们如果想要生存，就需要停止破坏我们生活的地球并开始保护它。 黑知更鸟 黑知更鸟是人类从灭绝危机中拯救出来的鸟类。1980年，世界上只剩下五只黑知更鸟。它们都栖息在新西兰海岸附近的一个小岛上，其中只有一只名叫“老蓝”的雌鸟能够产卵。野生动物工作者开始了一项黑知更鸟繁育计划。他们保护“老蓝”的蛋，帮助它们孵化，并照顾幼鸟。多亏他们的努力，现在黑知更鸟已超过250只，而且数量还在增加。为了帮助它们生存，人们正在恢复黑知更鸟的栖息地并迁移捕杀它们的小动物，例如它们生存的岛上的老鼠和猫。 索引 夯　实　双　基 索引 核心单词 1．________ jobs 　　　　　　　　 调动工作 2．a strange _________ 奇怪的物种 3．______ her tears 擦去她的眼泪 4．______ unemployment 大量失业 5．①__________ by 10% 减少了10% ②on the __________ 在减少 6．_______ him for the failure 把失败归咎于他 switch species wipe mass decrease decrease blame 拓展单词 1．______________ n．保护 →conserve v．保护 2．_________ vt．破坏；毁掉 →destruction n．破坏；毁掉 3．_________ vi．&vt．再利用，回收利用 →recyclable adj．可回收的 →unrecyclable adj．不可回收的 4．________ n．威胁； (灾难等坏事)发生的可能 →threaten v．威胁；恐吓 conservation destroy recycle threat 5．___________ adv．非法地，违法地 →legally adv．合法地 →legal adj．合法的 →illegal adj．非法的 6．______ vi．& vt．猎取，猎杀 →hunter n．猎人 7．_________ adj．灭绝的，绝种的 →extinction n．灭绝，绝种 8．____________ adv．非常地，极端地 →incredible adj．难以置信的；极好的 illegally hunt extinct incredibly 9．________ adj．紧急的，急迫的 →urgency n．急迫，紧急 →urge v．敦促 10．_________ adj. 异常的；不平常的 →usual adj. 平常的 11．________ adj. 各种各样的，形形色色的 →vary vi．不同；改变 →various adj．多种多样的 →variety n.种类 12．________ vt．影响 →affection n．影响；喜爱 urgent unusual varied affect 13．____________ adj. 濒危的 →endanger vt. 使危险，危害 →danger n. 危险 14．_________ vt．(使)恢复 →restoration n．恢复 endangered restore 掌握规律　巧记单词 1.danger n. 危险＋en→endanger vt. 使危险，危害 例如：enlarge vt. 扩大 enrich vt. 丰富 ensure vt. 确保，保证 encourage vt. 鼓励 2．restore vt．(使)恢复(去e)＋ation→restoration n．恢复 例如：declaration n. 宣布 adaptation n. 适应；改变　 　 阅读单词 1．plastic adj．　　　　　 __________ 2．mining n. ________ 3．item n. ____________ 4．informative adj. __________________________ 5．rhino n. ______ 6．horn n. ____________________ 7．solar adj. ______________ 8．hatch vi．& vt. __________ 塑料制的 采矿业 一项，一条 有教育意义的；知识性强的 犀牛 (牛、羊等头上的)角 太阳光(能)的 (使)孵化 重点短语 第一组　汉译英 1．_______________ 起某种作用 2．____________________ 尽自己的职责 3．______________ 消失；绝迹，灭绝 4．________________ 彻底毁灭 5．____________________ 把……归咎于 6．____________________ 处境危险，受到威胁 7．____________________ 削减，减少 have a role do one's part die out wipe out be to blame be at risk cut down 第二组　英译汉 8．up to ______ 9．take action __________ 10．in short ________ 11．in danger __________ 12．take steps __________ 多达 采取行动 简言之 在危险中 采取措施 典型句式 根据课文语境和汉语提示补全句子 1．句型公式　way后的定语从句 教材原句　I really feel strongly that we need to change _________________ (我们的生活方式)in order to protect our planet. 2．句型公式　倍数表示法 教材原句　They found that human activity is causing species to die out ____________________________ (比正常情况快1 000倍)． the way we live 1，000 times faster than normal 索引 3．句型公式　It is clear that ...显然…… 教材原句　_____________ (显然)human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants. 4．句型公式　含蓄条件句 教材原句　Without forests, we ________________________(将没有空气呼吸), and without clean water we ________________________ (将不能存活下去). It is clear that would have no air to breathe would be unable to survive 互　动　探　究 索引 threat n． 威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能 1 Ⅰ.核心词汇练全 (教材原句)After the lecture, I can see that the use of oil and coal is one of the biggest threats to our planet. 听完讲座，我明白了石油和煤炭的使用是对我们星球最大的威胁之一。 (1)under threat　　　　　　 受到威胁 a threat to... 是……的威胁 (2)threaten v. 威胁；恐吓 threaten sb with ... 用……威胁某人 threaten to do sth 威胁要做某事 佳句　Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. 只有学会与大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。 ◎练透——单句语法填空 ①Air pollution is what most people are concerned about nowadays, because their health is _______ threat. ②He was threatened ______ dismissal if he continued to turn up late for work. ③David threatened ______________ (report) his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid. ④30 percent of reptiles, birds, and fish are currently ____________(threat) with extinction. under with to report threatened ◎写美——句式升级 ⑤The student was threatened by a street gang, and he told the truth to his teacher bravely. →________________________,the student told the truth to his teacher bravely. (过去分词短语作状语) Threatened by a street gang switch vi. & vt．转换，改变 2 (教材原句)We definitely need to switch to different forms of power as soon as possible. 我们确实需要尽快转用其他形式的能源。 switch off　　　　　　　 关上(电灯、电视等)；断掉(电源) switch on 打开；接通 switch over 转变；转换；换台 switch from...to... 从……切换到…… 佳句　The dates of the last two exams have been switched. 最近两次考试的日期已经变了。 ◎练透——单句语法填空/语境辨义 ①According to the airline rules, we suggest you should switch _____ your mobile phone before boarding the plane. ②I always hear that song whenever I switch ____ the radio. ③We had to make a switch in our arrangements________ ◎写美——应用文之运动 ④骑自行车不仅是很好的锻炼，而且从汽车换成自行车也可以减少空气中的污染。 Not only is biking good exercise, but __________________________ also reduces the amount of pollution in the air. off on n. 转换 switching from a car to a bike urgent adj．紧急的，急迫的 3 (教材原句)That's an incredibly urgent matter ... 那是一件非常紧急的事情…… (1)It is urgent that ...(should) do sth...　主张…… (2)urge v. 竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促；催促 n. 强烈的欲望；冲动 urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事 urge that...(should)do sth 极力主张……做某事 have an urge to do sth 渴望做某事 (3)urgency n. 紧急；催促 佳句　China's traditional villages are in most urgent need of protection. 中国的传统村落最需要保护。 ◎练透——单句语法填空 ①Parents should actively urge their children _______________________(take) advantage of the opportunity to participate in outdoor activities. ②There is no sense of ________ (urge)to do my school work immediately. ◎写美——应用文之学校生活 ③为了提高学习效率，我主张大家养成独立思考、及时复习功课的习惯。 In order to improve learning efficiency，I __________________________the habit of thinking independently and going over lessons in time. ④站在舞台上，我感觉如此紧张以至于我有股想逃的冲动。 Standing on the stage，I felt so nervous that I even ____________________． to take/(should)take urgency urge that all of us (should) form had an urge to escape varied adj．各种各样的，形形色色的 4 (教材原句)The reasons for extinctions are varied. 灭绝的原因是多种多样的。 (1)vary v．　　　　　　 改变；变化 vary from...to... 从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动 vary in... 在……方面不同，有差异 vary with 随……而变化 (2)variety n. 变化；多样性；种类 a variety of/varieties of 各种各样的 (3)various adj. 不同的；各种各样的 佳句　The weather is less changeable in December than in November in my hometown, although it still can be quite varied. 我的家乡12月份的天气相比11月份没那么多变，虽然它仍然有很多变化。 ◎练透——单句语法填空 ①I like reading very much，especially the story books _________(vary)from Chinese stories to English stories. ②As we all know，the prices of fresh fruit vary ______ seasons greatly，especially some tropical fruits. ◎写美——词汇升级 ③Please take part in various after-class activities，which will broaden our horizons and enrich the school life. →Please take part in _____________________after-class activities，which will broaden our horizons and enrich the school life. varying with a variety of/varieties of decrease n．减少；减少的量vi. & vt．减少 5 (1)decrease by　　　　　　　 减少了 decrease(from...)to (从……)减少到 decrease in 在某方面下降 (2)on the decrease 在下降；在减少 (教材原句)According to scientists, they include volcanic eruptions, asteroids hitting the Earth from space, changes in sea levels, the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming. 科学家们认为，它们包括火山喷发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面高度的改变、海水中含氧量下降和全球变暖。 佳句　The reason why the number of the wildlife is on the decrease is that their living places have been completely destroyed. 许多野生动物数量正在减少的原因是它们的栖息地被完全破坏了。 ◎练透——补全句子 ①The number of people aged 50 and under will ________________________ (减少了超过30%) during the time. ②As far as I know, the members of the association _______________________ ___________ (减少到300)． ◎写美——一句多译 ③由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数目在减少。 Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals ______________ _____________．(decrease n.) →Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals __________． (decrease v.) decrease by more than 30% have decreased to three hundred is on the decrease is decreasing blame vt．责怪，指责 6 (1)blame sb for(doing)sth 为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事 blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人 be to blame 把……归咎于 (2)blame n. 指责；责备 lay/put the blame on 把……归咎于…… (教材原句)This time, human activity will be to blame. 这次，人类活动应受责备。 佳句　A dropped cigarette is to blame for the fire. 一支乱扔的烟头被认为是引起火灾的罪魁祸首。 be to blame不能用于被动语态，该短语用主动语态表示被动含义。　 　　 名师点津 ◎练透——单句语法填空 ①Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame ______ the alarm clock. ②Each time we talk about global warming, people always blame this ____ the emission of carbon dioxide. ◎写美——读后续写之升华句 ③当和应受责备。因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不是指责其他人。 When getting along with others，we shouldn't always ____________________ _______. After all，many times we ____________________．So instead of _______________，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' place. on on blame mistakes on others are also to blame blaming others affect vt．影响 7 (1)be affected by　　　　　 受……的影响；被……感动 be affected with 感染……疾病 (2)effect n. 作用；影响 have an effect on... 对……产生影响 (3)affection n. 影响；喜爱 (教材原句)It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants. 很明显，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种都产生了负面影响，其中包括动物和植物。 佳句　I had to make important decisions that would affect me for the rest of my life. 我不得不做出影响我余生的重大决定。 ◎练透——单句语法填空 ①Their father never showed them much ___________(affect)．In fact，he loved them from the bottom of his heart. ②Affected ______ a high fever, he continued with his work. ③Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have an effect ____ you most deeply. ◎写美——句式升级 ④Many young people were affected by his story. They began to do volunteer work for the disabled. →___________________ , many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled.(分词作状语) affection with on Affected by his story endangered adj.濒危的 8 (1)endanger v．　　　 使遭受危险；危及；危害 (2)danger n. 危险；危险的人/物 in danger 在危险中 out of danger 脱离危险 a danger to 对……有危险；对……是有危险的人/物 in danger of 处于……危险之中 (3)dangerous adj. 危险的 (教材原句)For example, we need to take steps to save endangered species，including setting up special areas where plants and animals can be protected. 例如，我们要采取措施拯救濒临灭绝的物种，包括建立动植物的特殊保护区。 佳句　We sincerely hope that effective measures can be taken to protect this endangered species from dying out. 我们真诚地希望能够采取有效措施来保护这种濒临灭绝的物 ◎练透——单句语法填空 ①Police said the man was ___ danger to the public. ②That mistake has seriously ____________(endanger) the future of the company. ③When the house caught fire，he was sleeping，putting him in a ___________ (danger) situation. ◎写美——读后续写之佳句 ④我突然感觉汤姆有危险。 I had a sudden feeling that Tom was ____________． a endangered dangerous in danger be at risk 处境危险，受到威胁 9 (1)risk vt.　　　　　　 冒……的危险 n. 冒险；危险；风险 risk doing sth 冒险做某事 risk one's life to do sth 冒着生命危险做某事 at the risk of (doing) sth 冒着(做)……的风险 take/run the risk (of doing sth) 冒险(做某事) put...at risk 让……处于危险之中 (2)risky adj. 有危险的，有风险的 (教材原句)Of course, as we humans depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be at risk of dying out. 当然，因为我们人类依赖那么多物种才能生存，所以我们也将处于灭绝的危险中。 佳句　Are men at risk for particular mental health concerns? 男人们是否已经陷入某种心理健康的危险中了？ ◎练透——单句语法填空 ①Exposed to very loud music every day, young people may risk _______(go) deaf. ②Your health might be ____ risk due to too much smoking. ◎写美——同义句转换 ③The soldier saved the drowning boy's life at the risk of losing his own life. →The soldier_____________________ the drowning boy's life.(risk vt．) going at risked his own life to save 句型公式：way后的定语从句 1 Ⅱ.典型句式讲透 (教材原句)Well, as you know, I really feel strongly that we need to change the way we live in order to protect our planet. 嗯，正如你所知道的，我真的强烈感觉到我们需要改变我们的生活方式来保护我们的星球。 (1)way作“方式，方法”讲时，后接定语从句时有两种情况： ①way表示“方式，方法”时，其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句，也可以将关系词in which或that省略，此时关系词在从句中作状语 ②way后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则用关系代词that/which，作宾语时可以省略 (2)way表示“方式，方法”时，其后还可接动词不定式或of doing sth的形式 佳句　The WWF attaches great importance to the way they protect those endangered animals. 野生动植物基金会非常重视他们保护濒危动物的方式。 ◎练透——单句语法填空 ①I will tell the way ____ which you can learn English well, because I know the way _____________ you have accepted is not the best. ②You should keep it in mind that comparing notes with your classmates frequently is a good way _____________ (improve) your study. ◎写美——句式升级 ③Can you work out a way? We can solve the problem in this way. →_______________________________________________________(定语从句) in that/which to improve Can you work out a way (that/in which) we can solve the problem? 句型公式： 含蓄条件句 2 (教材原句)Without forests, we would have no air to breathe，and without clean water we would be unable to survive. 如果没有森林，我们将没有空气呼吸，没有干净的水，我们将不能存活 下去。 (1)含蓄虚拟　 条件的常　 见表现方 (2)主句　 谓语　 的形式 虚拟条件句的条件有时不通过条件从句来表示，而是通过介词短语、上下文或其他方式表现出来，这种虚拟条件句叫作含蓄虚拟条件句。含蓄条件句的具体用法如下： 佳句　I'd like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to you for your generous help, without which I wouldn't have made such rapid progress. 我想借此机会向你表达你对我慷慨帮助的感激之情，没有你的帮助，我不会取得如此快的进步。 ◎练透——单句语法填空 ①Without excellent education, there _________ (be)no advanced science and technology. ②The workers were not better organized，otherwise they _________________ _____________ (accomplish) the task in half the time. ③I ______________ (go) to my cousin's birthday party last night, but I was not available. ◎写美——应用文写作之佳句 ④要不是有他的帮助，他就会失败了。 ________________________________________________________________ would be would have accomplished would have gone Without/But for his help, he would have failed. 索引 课　时　精　练 索引 基础达标 维度一　根据汉语意思或首字母提示填入单词的适当形式 1．The _________(物种) has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed. 2．It is said that priceless antiques were ___________(毁掉) in the fire. 3．It's also necessary to adopt new methods to _________(再利用) used water. 4．What's the next ______(一项)to be discussed at the meeting? 5．He took a handkerchief from his pocket and lightly _______(擦) his mouth. 6．She is popular with her students as her teaching methods are _________ (不平常的). species destroyed recycle item wiped unusual 7．I said no to _________ (塑料制的) or paper bags at stores. 8．It will take many years before the ecology in this area r_________． 9．Strong light will a_______ the depth of colour of your carpets and curtains. plastic estores ffect 维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 1．The traffic issue not only affects our everyday life, but may also ________ (threat) people's lives. 2．Being caught in a flood is ____________(incredible) dangerous. 3．The price of wheat decreased ____ 15% last year. 4．She tries every means to make people aware of the importance of the environmental ______________ (conserve). 5．_________ (illegal) parked vehicles will be removed here. 6．I can't go out with you tonight because I have an ________(urge) thing to attend to. threaten incredibly by conservation Illegally urgent 7．This cultural event will be held next week in the Arts Building and a _________(vary) of activities are arranged. 8．Laws should be passed to protect pandas. Otherwise, they are certain to die _____． 9．My mum asked me to remember to switch _____ the lights before leaving the room. 10．These ____________(endanger) animals should be under careful conservation. variety out off endangered 维度三　选词填空 cut down, up to, depend on, take action, be at risk, do one's part, wipe out 1．It's high time that we should _________to protect the water resources. 2．You can never _________ the past. 3．You'd better quit smoking or at least _________ the amount of smoking. 4．In my opinion，you should ____________in helping the homeless. 5．There is no doubt that it is very meaningful to work with our own hands rather than _________ others. 6．Your health might _________ due to much smoking. 7．Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or _______29 for persons with a disability. 8．Yet a couple of years ago the company's very survival ___________. take action wipe out cut down do your part depend on be at risk up to was at risk 维度四　完成句子/一句多译 1．不要总把自己的失败归咎于别人，有时候也该怪自己。(blame) Don't always __________________________sometimes __________________ _______． 2．只有通过改变我们与环境相处的方式，才能与环境和谐共处。(way后的定语从句) Only by changing ______________________________ can we get along well with it. blame your failure on others, you yourself are to blame the way we treat the environment 3．很明显，努力工作才会成功。(clear) ____________ hard work leads to success. 4．没有你的指导，我不可能取得这么大的进步。(含蓄条件句) ____________________，I _________________such great progress. 5．正在修建的教学楼是那个教学楼的两倍高。 →The teaching building being built now is ___________________ that one.(as... as...) →The teaching building being built now is ___________________ that one.(the＋名词＋of) It is clear that Without your guidance couldn't have made twice as high as twice the height of 维度五　课文语法填空 In the last 500 million years, there have been five times when life on Earth has almost ended. Of these events, the third mass extinction, which is also known 1.____ the “Great Dying”， 2.________(kill)90% to 96% of all species. And the fifth event，3._______ occurred 66 million years ago, caused the death of dinosaurs. All these events took place due to 4._________________(vary)reasons. It is estimated that the sixth mass extinction is just coming round. And this time it is we human beings that should be 5. _________ (blame)． as killed which varied/various to blame According to a study by scientists, species are dying out much 6.________(fast) than normal nowadays due to human activity. If the sixth mass 7.____________(extinct) took place, up to three quarters of all species would die out, including human beings. In order to avoid such disasters from taking place, we should take immediate 8._______(step)to protect our environment. We can make 9.___ difference by changing our lifestyles in our daily life. Only by 10._________(work)together can we save our environment in the end. faster extinction steps a working 素能提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023•湖南省邵东市年高二上月考) British sculptor Jason Taylor has made it his mission to use his talent to conserve our ecosystems by creating underwater museums. Over the years, the environmentalist has put over 850 massive artworks underwater worldwide. On February 1, 2021, Taylor launched his latest work—The Underwater Museum of Cannes. “The main goal was to bring attention to the fact that our oceans need our help，” Taylor told Dezeen. “Ocean ecologies have been destroyed by human activities in the Mediterranean over the past few decades, and it is not obvious what is taking place when observing the sea from afar.” The Underwater Museum of Cannes contains 6 sculptures featuring local residents of various ages. They range from Maurice, an 80-year-old fisherman, to Anouk, a 9-year-old student. Towering over 6-feet-tall and weighing 10 tons, the faces are sectioned into two parts, with the outer part like a mask. The mask indicates that the world's oceans appear powerful and unbeatable from the surface but house an ecosystem that is extremely fragile to careless human activities. Though the waters surrounding the sculptures now appear a pristine blue, the seabed was filled with old boat engines, pipes, and other human-made trash when the project began about four years ago. Besides removing the trash, Taylor also restored the area's seagrass. Just one square meter of the seagrass can generate up to 10 liters of oxygen daily. The seagrass also helps prevent coastal erosion and provides habitats for many ocean creatures. “The idea of creating an underwater museum was to draw more people underwater and develop a sense of care and protection，” Taylor told Dezeen. “If we threw unwanted waste near a forest, there would be a public outcry. But this is happening every day in our surrounding waters and it largely goes unnoticed.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Taylor创建水下博物馆的初衷以及该项目所带来的积极影响。 1．What are the underwater museums intended to do? A．To make huge profits. B．To raise awareness of protecting the ocean. C．To show Jason Taylor's talent. D．To draw attention to endangered sea animals. 细节理解题。根据第二段“‘The main goal was to bring attention to the fact that our oceans need our help，’ Taylor told Dezeen.”可知，水下博物馆旨在提高人们保护海洋的意识。故选B。 √ 2．Why does the outer part of the sculptures look like a mask? A．To popularize the features of the locals. B．To remind people to protect themselves. C．To reflect people's protection of the ocean. D．To stress the sensitiveness of the ecosystem. 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，雕塑的外部看起来像一个面具是为了强调生态系统的敏感性。故选D。 √ 3．What's Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．How the project was started. B．How the seagrass was restored. C．What recovery effort the project made. D．Why the surroundings were improved. 段落大意题。根据第四段可知，第四段主要讲了项目做出了哪些恢复努力。故选C。 √ 4．What can we infer from what Jason Taylor said in the last paragraph? A．The situation of the ocean is easily ignored. B．The destruction caused to the ocean is noticeable. C．Forests play a more important role in ecosystems. D．People have zero tolerance to damage done to nature. 推理判断题。根据最后一段可推断出海洋的情况很容易被忽视。故选A。 √ B Climate change may increase the risk of viruses becoming capable of infecting new hosts in the Arctic, suggests a study of genetic material from a Canadian lake. Canadian scientists found that an increase in glacier melt at Lake Hazen, the Arctic's largest lake by volume and another location was linked to a greater risk of viral effects, where a virus infects a new host for the first time. Melting glaciers (融化的冰川) were considered a result of climate change globally. The team from the University of Ottawa, led by Audree Lemieux, gathered soil and other items from the lake and sequenced (序列) the RNA and DNA in the samples. The researchers found characters of viruses and their potential hosts including animals, plants and so on. They then ran an algorithm (算法) recently developed by a different research team, which assesses the chance of coevolution (共同进化) among unrelated groups of organisms. The algorithm allowed the team to measure the risk of spillover, and suggested this was higher in lake samples nearer to the point where larger branches—carrying more meltwater from nearby glaciers—flow into the lake. “Our main finding is that we show that for this specific lake, the spillover risk increases with the melting of glaciers. We're not crying wolf.” says Lemieux. She says the risk of infectious diseases coming from the Arctic is low today due to the region's lack of “bridges”， such as mosquitoes, that can spread viruses to other species. However, the researchers note that climate change not only melts glaciers, but is also expected to cause more species to move towards the poles, which they warn “could have dramatic effect in the High Arctic”． Exactly how glacier melt might increase spillover risk isn't entirely clear from simply running the algorithm. Co-author Stephane Aris-Brosou says one idea is that extra run-off simply increases the mixing of species because their local environment is disturbed, physically bringing together viruses and potential new hosts that wouldn't otherwise meet each other. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北极首次发现了有新的宿主被病毒感染，加拿大科学家认为气候变化加剧冰川融化，增加了病毒外溢的风险。 5．Which of the following is TRUE according to the second paragraph? A．Glaciers have slowed in melting process. B．A new host in the Arctic has been affected. C．Scientists guess viruses will come in the Arctic. D．Viral spillover will appear in the Arctic in time. 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，在北极首次有新的宿主被感染。故选B。 √ 6．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us? A．What we can do to stop the viruses in the Arctic. B．Why Branches of the lake are keys in spilling over viruses. C．How scientists calculate the risk of spillover in the Arctic. D．What signatures of viruses and their potential hosts shows. 段落大意题。根据第三段第一句以及最后一句可知，研究小组通过对湖泊土壤及其他物品采样，样本的RNA和DNA测序，并运用算法分析病毒传播的风险，所以第三段主要阐述研究团队如何计算在北极病毒传播的风险。故选C。 √ 7．What does Lemieux mean by saying “We're not crying wolf”？ A．The virus spillover will happen with glacier melting. B．Viruses won't spread widely due to lack of bridge. C．Scientists have made great efforts in preventing viruses. D．There is no need to worry about the viruses in the Arctic. 句意理解题。“We're not crying wolf.”意思是“我们不是在喊狼来 了。”用来表示所说的话并不是危言耸听，结合画线句前“Our main finding is that we show that...the melting of glaciers.”可知，Lemieux说这句话表达的意思是随着冰川的融化，病毒外溢的风险在增加，这不是危言耸听。故选A。 √ 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Viruses Appearing in Two Places in the Arctic B．Glacier Melting Resulting in the Virus Spillover C．Scientists' Calculation about the Viruses in the Arctic D．Climate Change Linked to Risk of Viruses in the Arctic 标题归纳题。根据文章第一段“Climate change may increase the risk of...material from a Canadian lake.”以及下文对此项研究的详细介绍可知，全文主要讲述气候变化带来的冰川融化，造成病毒感染新宿主的风险增加，故“Climate Change Linked to Risk of Viruses in the Arctic”是最佳标题。故选D。 √ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2023•山东省德州市高二上期中) Some people put their bicycles away once they learn how to drive a car, while some others don't. 1 Serious cyclists often arrange to take part in races. One kind of race is the time trial. Each racer leaves the starting line at a different time and heads hard for the finish line. The cyclist who covers the distance in the shortest amount of time wins the race. A time trial is a very safe race for beginners. 2 Another kind of race is more difficult. A few city blocks are closed to traffic. Then all the racers line up in a tight pack and begin racing at the same time. They cover many laps (一圈) going around and around the city blocks. 3 It also requires skillful handling of the bicycle as it runs at full speed around other bicycles. The racer who completes all the laps first is the winner. 4 Racers have to cover anywhere from 35 miles to almost 3，000 miles. The race course may be a straight stretch of road or a long series of roads across the country. The prize goes to the first person who crosses the finish line. Between races cyclists stay in good condition by doing exercise that builds up their strength so that they can keep riding for long periods of time. As cyclists become more experienced, they often join bicycling groups and become licensed racers. 5 If you're a cyclist, keep practicing. You could become a star. 　　语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有些人一学会开车就把自行车收起来，而对许多人来说，骑自行车不仅是一种方便的方式，而且是一项令人兴奋的运动。 A．The race requires more than speed. B．Only experienced cyclists can enter the race. C．For them, bicycling is actually an exciting sport. D．Road races are usually the longest cycling contests. E．Then they can enter special races all over the country. F．Cyclists still need to build themselves up for those races. G．The bicycles are spread out and are not likely to run into each other. Some people put their bicycles away once they learn how to drive a car, while some others don't. 1 Serious cyclists often arrange to take part in races. C 解析：根据上文“Some people put their bicycles away once they learn how to drive a car, while some others don't.”及下文“Serious cyclists often arrange to take part in races.”可知，设空处承上启下，讲述的是自行车手的情况。故选C。 One kind of race is the time trial. Each racer leaves the starting line at a different time and heads hard for the finish line. The cyclist who covers the distance in the shortest amount of time wins the race. A time trial is a very safe race for beginners. 2 G 解析：根据上文可知，自行车计时赛的参赛者在不同的时间离开起跑线，计时赛对初学者来说是非常安全的比赛。由此可知，设空处应继续解释为什么计时赛对初学者来说是非常安全的比赛，G项符合语境。故选G。 Another kind of race is more difficult. A few city blocks are closed to traffic. Then all the racers line up in a tight pack and begin racing at the same time. They cover many laps (一圈) going around and around the city blocks. 3 It also requires skillful handling of the bicycle as it runs at full speed around other bicycles. The racer who completes all the laps first is the winner. 解析：根据下文“It also requires skillful...the laps first is the winner.”可知，这种比赛不仅仅要求速度，还需要熟练的自行车操作。故选A。 A 4 Racers have to cover anywhere from 35 miles to almost 3，000 miles. The race course may be a straight stretch of road or a long series of roads across the country. The prize goes to the first person who crosses the finish line. D 解析：根据下文“Racers have to cover anywhere...series of roads across the country.”可知，此处介绍的是第三种比赛——自行车公路赛。故选D。 Between races cyclists stay in good condition by doing exercise that builds up their strength so that they can keep riding for long periods of time. As cyclists become more experienced, they often join bicycling groups and become licensed racers. 5 If you're a cyclist, keep practicing. You could become a star. E 解析：根据上文“As cyclists become more...racers.”及常识可知，当自行车手有很多经验，而且有了执照后，他们就可以参加各种比赛了。故选E。 Ⅲ.完形填空 (2023•安徽省高二上阶段性联考) When I was a boy growing up I could not once ever remember either my Mom or my Nana wasting food. Anything we didn't eat at one meal was saved, stored, and 1 as leftovers later on. I can 2 my Nana making a huge pot of brown beans with a large cake of cornbread. We would all eat until we were 3 but there was always about half of the beans 4 . A few days later Nana would take those beans out of the 5 ， boil noodles, add parsley and 6 them all together into her delicious Pasta Fasule. And I also remember when I 7 my Mom fry bacon for us in the mornings she would always take the oil and 8 pour it into a container. Then she later would use it to 9 so many other dishes. I was an adult before I realized that green beans didn't 10 taste like bacon. I learned their 11 well and after I grew up I tried to never 12 food myself. I always planned the week's meals ahead of time and only bought what was on my 13 list so nothing went to waste. Every meal went into a tummy and any leftovers were later eaten by either myself, my boys, or my dogs. To me throwing food in the trash was just 14 . All the work it took to grow it, harvest it, and prepare it needed to be 15 not wasted. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的奶奶和妈妈从不浪费食物，她们把吃剩的食品做成各种食品或者调味品。之后作者也继承了这一习惯，作者认为食品制作过程的每一步都需要得到尊重。 1．A．thrown　　 B．washed C．burned D．served √ 根据空前的 saved, stored 以及空后的“my Nana making a huge pot of brown beans with a large cake of cornbread”可以推断，吃剩的食品经过储存后，以后又会端上餐桌。故选D。 2．A．mind B．remember C．regret D．avoid √ 根据文章第一句“When I was a boy growing up”可知，作者讲述过去的事情，因此现在能记起那时的事情。故选B。 3．A．full B．tired C．worried D．upset √ 根据空前的“We would all eat”可知，一直吃到饱，然后剩下食品。故 选A。 4．A．put down B．moved outside C．carried off D．left over √ 根据空前的“half of the beans”以及空后的“take those beans”可知，有些豆子剩下了。故选D。 5．A．stove B．fire C．refrigerator D．bowl √ 根据空前的“A few days later Nana would take those beans out of”可知，几天之后这些豆子就会从冰箱里拿出来。故选C。 6．A．mix B．break C．bring D．separate √ 根据空后的“them all together into her delicious Pasta Fasule”可知，奶奶就会把这些食材混合一起。故选A。 7．A．heard B．watched C．felt D．had √ 根据文章第一句“When I was a boy growing up I could not once ever remember either my Mom or my Nana wasting food.”可知，此时作者观看着妈妈烤培根。故选B。 8．A．hurriedly B．nervously C．hesitantly D．carefully √ 根据上文作者讲述奶奶和妈妈非常节俭，以及空后的“pour it into a container”可知，此处指妈妈小心翼翼地把油倒上，生怕撒了。故选D。 9．A．flavor up B．ruin off C．join up D．keep away √ 根据空前的“use it”可知，她用油给其他食品调味。故选A。 10．A．eventually B．occasionally C．actually D．lately √ 结合空前的“green beans”以及空后的“taste like bacon”可知，青豆实际上味道不像培根。故选C。 11．A．skills B．lessons C．secrets D．fortune √ 根据后文的讲述可知，作者很好地学习她们的经验。故选B。 12．A．store B．cook C．keep D．waste √ 根据下文“so nothing went to waste”可知，作者从不浪费食品。故选D。 13．A．shopping B．desiring C．waiting D．mailing √ 根据空前的“only bought”可知，购物时，作者只买购物单上的食品。故选A。 14．A．possible B．necessary C．wrong D．incredible √ 根据空前的“To me throwing food in the trash”可知，作者觉得把食品扔进垃圾箱是错的。故选C。 15．A．completed B．honored C．noticed D．ignored √ 根据空前的“All the work it took to grow it, harvest it, and prepare it”以及作者节约食品的习惯可知，所有这些工作都应该得到尊重。故选B。 索引 谢 谢 观 看 ！ U N I T 3 C O N S E R V A T I O N $$