Unit5 Languages Around The World 定语从句学案-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。 从句通常由引导词将从句和主句联系在一起。 从句按其在复合句中的作用分为定语从句、名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）和状语从句。 定语从句 主从复合句中，修饰名词或代词，有时也说明整个主句或主句中的一部分的从句叫定语从句。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which, as 等；关系副词有when, where, why等。关系词在定语从句中充当一定的成分，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。 关系代词 指代 作用 是否可省略 which 物、句子 主语、宾语 作宾语可省 that 人、物 主语、宾语 作宾语可省 who 人 主语、宾语 作宾语可省 whom 人 宾语 可省 whose 人、物 定语 不可省 as 人、物 主语、宾语、表语 不可省 关系副词 指代 作用 是否可省略 when 时间 状语 否 where 地点 否 why 原因 否 1. 关系代词that和which (1) that引导定语从句时，既可以指人，也可以指物。指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。that在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。如： I am going to see a friend that/who has just come back from Beijing. This is the novel (that/which) Vincent wrote for the competition. (2) which用于指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。如： The tall building which is by the lake looks beautiful. The film (which) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. (3) 限制性定语从句中，一般用that而不用which的特殊情况： a. 先行词为all, any, much, little, few, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时，如： I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s mistake. Is there anything that I can do for you? b. 先行词被the only, the very（恰好，正好）, the right, the last等词修饰时，如： Mike is the only person that was present at that time. c. 先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，如： This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen. This train is the first one that will go to Suzhou. d. 先行词为人和物并用时，如： I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. e. 主句为who或which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who，whom，which，what时，如： Which is the bike that you lost last weekend? Who that had seen the sight could ever forget? f. 先行词在主句中作表语, 而关系代词也在从句中作表语时，如： Jiangsu is no longer the province that it used to be. (4) 当先行词指物时，只用which不用that的情况： a. 关系代词前有介词时，如： Is this the house in which the old professor was born? b. 在非限制性定语从句中时，如： He passed the exam, which made his parents very happy. c. 先行词本身为that，且指物时，如： What’s that which was put in the car? d. which用作定