内容正文:
Grammar 现在完成时专题学案
基本结构:have/has + V.过去分词
时间状语:already, yet, just, ever, never, once, twice, so far, ever since, for a long time, for + 一段时间,
since + 过去的时间点/过去时的从句等。
现在完成时的用法:
1.现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。(常与时间副词 already“已经”(肯定句), yet“已经”(否定句和疑问句, never “从不” “”, ever“曾经”,just “刚刚”, before “以前”,连用。)
I am hungry because I haven’t eaten breakfast yet . 我饿了因为我还没吃过早饭。
I don’t know how it tastes. I have never drunk cola. 我不知道它藏起来怎样。我以前从来没有喝过。
He doesn’t want to watch the movie. He has just seen the film. 他不想去看电影。他刚刚看过这场电影。
I am waiting for him. He hasn’t come back yet. 我正在等他。他还没有回来。
2.现在完成时表示过去已经开始,持续到现在,可能还会持续下去的动作或状态。(注意:谓语动词要用延续性动词,也要用延续性的时间状语)
1)for、since 等引导的时间状语。(注意:for 和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间)
for: +一段时间 for a year for two weeks for three years
过去的时间点, since nine since last week since then
Since
从句(一般过去时态) since you came since you got home.
He has lived here for 30 years .他住在这30年了.
I have known him since I was young.我从小就认识他.
How long have you been away? He has been away since last week.
你已经离开多久了? 他自从上周就离开了。
2)包括“现在”在内的一段时间状语:
today “今天”, these days“这些天” , recently = lately “最近” ,in the last(past)+一段时间…“在过去的…一段时间”, during the last two weeks “在过去的两周里”,so far“到目前为止”, up to now=by now =till/until now“直到现在为止”,
We have looked after the old man in the last five years. 在过去的五年里,我们一直照顾这个老人。
How many words have you learnt so far? 到目前为止,你学了多少个单词了?
I haven’t seen her today. 今天上午我一直没有见他。
现在完成时的结构:
1.肯定句:主语 + have / has + V.PP
I _____ just ________ reading the storybook.. 我刚读完那本故事书。
She ______ already __________ of that thing. 她已经听说过那件事情了。
2. 否定句:主语+ have/ has + not/never/hardly + pp
(在助动词have/ has后面直接加not, have not =haven’t , has not = hasn’t)
原句中若有already 则变为 yet, 放于句末
I _______ ________ the Great Wall yet. 我从来没有游览过长城。
Li Mei _______ ________ home before. 李梅以前没有离开过家。
3.一般疑问句 :Have/Has+主语+VP.P.? Yes,主语 have/has. No, 主语 haven’t/hasn’t.
(have/has 提前放于句首,原句中若有already, 将其变为 yet, 放于句末。)
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