Module 2 Unit 4 Problems and advice课时2 Grammar 课件 -2023-2024学年沪教牛津版（广州沈阳通用）英语九年级上册

课时2　Grammar 一、句子成分 句子成分就是组成句子的各个部分。英语的句子成分主要有主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补足语、定语、状语、同位语等。 句子基本成分 定义与用法 例子 主语 subject 主语是句子叙述的主体、动作的发出者,一般位于 句首。 名词(短语)、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式 (短语)、动名词(短语)和从句等均可作主语 The sun rises in the east.(名词) He likes dancing.(代词) The young should respect the old. (the+名词化的形容词) To learn English well is very important.(不定式短语) Seeing is believing.(动名词) 谓语 predicate 谓语用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态,一般位于主语之 后,由动词或动词短语充当,且谓语动词有人称、数、时态和语态等的变化。 谓语动词可以分为简单谓语动词和复合谓语动词。 1.简单谓语动词:由实义动词或实义动词词组充当。 2.复合谓语动词: 主要包括三种:情态动词+动词原形、助动词+动词的某种形式、系动词+表语 1.I saw him yesterday.(实义动词) I look after my baby daughter.(实义动词词组) 2.I can speak English well. (情+动) I am writing now.(助+动) Tom has gone to Beijing.(助 +动) My baby daughter is cute.(系+表) The cake tastes good.(系+表) 宾语 object 宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面。 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语:直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物, e.g.He gave me some books. 名词(短语)、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式 (短语)、动名词(短语)、从句等均可作宾语 Show me your ID card, please.(名词) She didn’t say anything. (代词) They sent the injured to hospital.(the+名词化的形 容词) They asked to see my ID card.(不定式短语) I enjoy working with you. (动名词短语) 表语 predicative 表语,又叫主语补足语,用来说明主语的身份、品性、特征和状态,一般位于系动词之后,与之构成系表结构。 名词(短语)、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、分词、从句等均可作表语 Our teacher is an American.(名词) Is it yours?(代词) Two times seven is fourteen?(数词) The weather has turned cold.(形 容词) Time is up.Class is over.(副词) Her book is on the desk.(介词短语) My dream is to teach Maths.(不定式) His hobby is playing football.(动 名词) 补语 complement 宾语补足语是对宾语进行补充,说明宾语的身份、动作、特征和状态,以使句子语义表达完整。 宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语 We call him Flying Man.(名词) I made her sad.(形容词) The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式) They saw a bird flying in the sky.(现在分词) I have my hair cut.(过去分词:表被动) 定语 attribute 定语修饰名词或代 词,用来描述人或事物的品质或特征。 形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词、从句等均可作定语。单个词作定语通常放在被修饰词的前面;短语或从句作定语则放在被修饰词的后面 Zhong Nanshan is a real hero. (形容词) He is our friend.(代词) I have ten brothers.(数词) Mr Chen is a chemistry teacher.(名词) The boy in red is my son.(介词短语) I have an idea to do it well. (不定式) You sho