内容正文:
定语从句复习 2024.01
(1) 定义及相关术语
1.定语从句:复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase which was very reasonable.
Those who work hard will make progress.
2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词通常有下列三个作用:A、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如:
The man (who is shaking hands with my father) is a policeman.
关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。
· 从句中缺少主语/宾语/表语/定语时,用关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as;
· 从句中缺少状语时,用关系副词有when, where, why。
(二)关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who 指人,在定语从句中作主语、宾语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.
2.whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。
The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come.
The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor.
注意: 关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替,也可省略。但直接介词后指人只用whom,不可省略。
The man (whom / who) you met just now is my old friend.
The man to_____ you talked just now is my old friend.(不可省略)
which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。或在非限制定语从句中代替整个主句。直接介词后指物只用which,不可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday.
He failed the exam again ,which made his father angry.
The school _______ _______ he once studied is very famous.
4.that 指人时,相当于who 或whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。
The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.
Where is the man (that / whom) I saw this morning?
Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia.
5.whose 指某人的,也可指某物的,在定语从句中做定语。
I visited a scientist name is known all over the country.
I once lived in the house roof has fallen in.
注意:指物时,常用下列结构来代替:
We live in a house,__________windows face the sea.
We live in a house,______ _____the windows face the sea.
We live in a house,the windows_____ _____ face the sea.
We live in a beautiful house,and the windows _____ ____ face the sea.
Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
=____ ___ ___ ____=____ ___ ____ ____
(三)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句