Unit 6 Enjoying Cycling Topic 1 Grammar语法 动词不定式-2023-2024学年八年级英语下册单元语法精讲精练（仁爱科普版）

Unit 6 Enjoying Cycling Topic 1 动词不定式 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） I. 动词不定式基本概述 ● 具有名词、形容词和副词的特征:可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语。 II. 动词不定式具体用法 1、主语：常置于句末，而用it代替其做形式主语。 　　句型：It is + n. / adj. + for/ of sb. to do sth. It is important / possible/ necessary/ convenient/ inevitable/ urgent + (for sb. ) to do sth. It is kind/ generous/courageous/brave/ right / wrong/ wise/ sensible/ foolish+ (of sb.) to do sth. 　注：此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或of引出，逻辑主语由of引出时，表语的形容词为kind, nice, good, polite, clever, foolish, right, wrong等表示评价的形容词。例：It’s right of him to refuse the invitation. (him为逻辑主语) 2、表语：Our duty is to protect the environment. 3、动词宾语：此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。 　　例：Would you like to see my photos? 　　 　 Kevin planned to visit his uncle. 　　和plan用法一样的词还有：start, want, agree, hope, begin, decide等。 　　I found it very difficult to get a job. (it为形式宾语) 4、宾语补足语： 　　(1) 在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to。 　　例：I asked a friend to read it to me. (book4，L2) 　　(2) 在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词 (see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, make, let, have, help等) 后不带to。 　　例：They heard him sing a pop song in the meeting room. 5、定语：动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词的后面。 　　例：I have something important to say. 6、形容词补足语:在表示心理、感情、评价等的形容词后，对其进行补充说明。 　　例：We are very glad to meet you again. 7、状语：表示目的、原因、程度等。 　　例：They brought in photos of their families for me to look at. 8、“疑问词+不定式”用法：不定式前可带what, who, which, where, when, how等疑问词，这种不定式短语在句中多用做宾语。 　　例：He didn’t tell me where to go. 不定式的特殊用法 ①使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须省略to。此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时，省略的to则要加上。 ②动词不定式的否定形式是not to do，其被动形式为to be done。 ►Our teacher asked us not to swim in the river alone. 我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。 ③常接＂疑问词+带to的不定式＂的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。 ►My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。 1、 单项选择(本大题共50小题，每小题2分，共100分) 1．— Tom is very funny and he always makes us ________. — Yes, so he is. A．laugh B．to laugh C．laughing 2．—John looks unhappy. What happened? —His mother didn’t let him ______