内容正文:
单元语法清
英语 九年级下册 人教版
四清导航
语法精讲
一、by the time/when/before/as引导的时间状语从句
1.by the time意为“到……的时候”。其引导时间状语从句时,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。如:
By the time you came back,I had finished this book.到你回来时,我已经看完这本书了。
2.when意为“当……的时候”。其引导时间状语从句时,主句和从句的动作具有同时性或先后性。如:
When I arrived at his home,he was reading.当我到达他家时,他正在读书。(动作具有同时性)
When I got to the bus stop,the bus had left.当我到达公交车站时,公交车已经开走了。(动作具有先后性)
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3.before意为“在……之前”。其引导时间状语从句时,主句的动作先于从句的动作发生。如:
She had searched for some information on the Internet before she finished the article.在完成这篇文章之前,她就已经在网上搜索了一些信息。
4.as意为“当……的时候;随着”。其引导时间状语从句时,主句和从句的动作具有同时性。如:
He likes singing as he walks.他喜欢一边走路一边唱歌。
As I was doing my homework,it rained.当我正在做作业时,下雨了。
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二、过去完成时的用法
1.概念
过去完成时表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经发生的动作或存在的状态,它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。
2.结构
(1)肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他.
(2)否定句:主语+had not+过去分词+其他.
(3)一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+had.
否定回答:No,主语+hadn't.
(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+had+主语+过去分词+其他?
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3.用法归纳
(1)常与before,by,by the time,by the end of等引导的时间状语(从句)连用。时间状语从句的谓语动词常用一般过去式。如:
By the time I was six,I had started playing table tennis.在我六岁时,我已经开始打乒乓球了。
(2)表示从过去某一时间开始,持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,与“for+时间段”连用,谓语动词用延续性动词。如:
He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.当我们知道这件事时,他已经病了一周了。
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(3)在含有定语从句的复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。如:
At that moment,I was replying to the emails that had arrived two days before.那时我正在回复两天前收到的电子邮件。
(4)在and或but连接的并列句中,如果前一个并列句用一般过去时,且后一个并列句中的动作早于前一个并列句中的动作,那么后一个并列句要用过去完成时。如:
Tom flew home,but his father had already died.汤姆乘飞机回家,但他的父亲已经去世了。
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语法精练
一、单项选择。
( )1.Most of my good friends ________ when I ________ at the party.
A.left;had arrived B.had left;arrived
C.left;arrived D.had left;had arrived
( )2.—Did you watch the movie?
—Yes,but by the time I got to the cinema,the movie ________ for several minutes.
A.has begun B.had been on
C.had begun D.has been on
B
B
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( )3.—Did you see Tom at the airport?
—No.His plane ________ by the time I ________ there.
A.had taken off;had got
B.took off;had got
C.took off;have got
D.