2023-2024学年高中英语社团第三讲：Peking Opera（京剧） 讲义

英语社团第三讲 京剧Peking Opera 京剧简介Introduction 京剧，又称平剧、京戏等，是有着200多年历史的古老戏曲。作为中国国粹之一，京剧是中国影响力最大的戏曲剧种，分布地以北京为中心，遍及全国各地。 Jingju, or Peking Opera, also known as Pingju Opera and Jingxi Opera, is an ancient performance art with a history 200 years. As one of the quintessence of Chinese culture，it is the most influential type of opera in China, with Beijing as the center and throughout the country. 京剧是中国五大传统戏曲之一。它的音调主要由西皮和二黄组成，由胡琴、锣鼓等乐器演奏。京剧是中国戏曲的主要形式，集音乐、声乐、哑剧、舞蹈和杂技于一体。 Peking opera is one of the five major traditional operas in China. Its vocal tones are mainly composed of Xipi and Erhuang, to the music played by such instruments as huqin, gong, and drum. Peking opera is the dominant form of Chinese opera, combining music, vocal performance, mime, dance, and acrobatics. 京剧起源Origin 虽然被称为京剧，但京剧的起源并不在北京，而是在安徽省（中国东部）和湖北省（中国中南部）。它的崛起在很大程度上要归功于皇室的青睐和赞助。 Although it is called Peking Opera, the origins of Peking Opera are not in Beijing but in the provinces of Anhui (East China) and Hubei (South-central China). Its rise is due in great part to the favorable eyes and patronage of the imperial royalties. 京剧起源于清代早期（1644-1911）流行于长江下游以南地区的一种民间戏曲徽剧。由于徽剧团的流动性很强，表演者经常接触其他类型的戏剧，融入不同的地区的音乐体系和曲调。1790年，为了庆祝乾隆皇帝（1736年-1795年在位）八十大寿，安徽四大剧团将徽剧带到北京参加庆祝活动。他们的表演很快吸引了观众，标志着京剧200多年历史的开始。 Peking opera grew out of Huiju opera, a folk opera originally popular in the regions south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the early Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). Due to the strong mobility of Huiju troupes, performers were exposed to frequent contact with other types of drama, incorporating different regional musical systems and tunes. In 1790, to celebrate the eightieth birthday of the Qianlong Emperor (reigned 1736-1795), the Four Great Anhui Troupes brought Huiju opera to Beijing to join the celebration. Their performances soon found an audience, marking the beginning of the more than 200 years of history of Peking opera. 京剧角色 Roles 京剧中的人物并不是以人们在日常生活中的外表为基础的。根据不同剧中角色的性别、性格、年龄、职业和社会地位，在化妆和服装的制作中使用了艺术夸张。 The