内容正文:
限制性定语从句(restrictive relative clause)
教学目标:掌握限制性定语从句含义及各关系词的用法。
语法精讲:
1、 定义及相关术语
1.限制性定语从句:在主从复合句中,修饰主句中的一个名词、代词或名词短语的从句,叫定语从句。对所修饰对象加以限制,表示“......的(人)”或“......的(物)”。从句不可去掉,一旦去掉主句的意思则不完整。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.先行词:被修饰的名词、代词或名词短语叫先行词,它总是出现在定语从句的前面。
3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词包含关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用:A、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如: The man (who is shaking hands with my father ) is a policeman.
该句中,who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句,修饰先行词the man, who是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the man,在从句中作主语。
2、 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词替代指人或物的先行词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
1. who指人,在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。
例:The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (作主语)
Danny was a man who we rescued from the ruins.(作宾语)
2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略,也可以用who代替。
例:Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. (作宾语)
The boy (who/whom)the teacher often praises is their monitor. (作宾语)
◆注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. (作宾语)
3. whose通常指人,也可指物,表示“所属”关系,其后必须有一名词。在定语从句中作定语。
例:He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (修饰人,作定语)
He lives in a room whose window faces north.(修饰物,作定语)
即学即练1:用适当的关系代词填空。
1) The children _____________were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now.
2) Those ______________want to see the film set down your names, please.
3) I like those books________________ topics are about history.
4) The old man ________________you spoke to is a famous artist.
4. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
例: China is a country which has a long history.(作主语)
The radio (which) he bought yesterday doesn’t work.(作宾语)
This is the house in which I once lived.(作介词in的宾语)
5. that既可以指人,也可以指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或者表语,做宾语时可省略。指人时,相当于who 或者whom;指物时,相当于which。
例:This is the novel that interests me. (指物,作主语)
The magazine (that) I bought yesterday is lost. (指物,作宾语)
The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one mi