内容正文:
Unit8
Have you read Treasure Island yet?
现在完成时
Grammar
1.动作或状态发生在过去,对现在产生了一定的影响和结果。
They have left.
—他们已经离开了.(也就是说现在他们人不在这里)
定义:
2.动作发生在过去,可能一直持续下去,对现在也产生了一定的影响。
He has learned English since 2001.
—他从2001年开始学英语。(现在还在继续学着呢)
肯定句:
主语+have/has +过去分词+其他.
否定句:
主语+have/has +not+过去分词+其他.
这里的have和has是助动词
have not=haven’t has not=hasn’t
一般疑问句:
Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主+have/has.
否定回答:No, 主+haven’t/hasn’t.
特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+一般疑问句结构.
注意:现在完成时的否定句和一般疑问句与一般过去时不同,动词的过去分词保持不变。
过去分词的构成:
finish—finished—finished
live———lived —lived
stop—stopped—stopped
carry—carried—carried
1加ed,2加d,3要双写,4 注意,y变成ied,特殊形式特殊记。
2.不规则变化
am,is
are
become
cut
do
fly
go
keep
run
was--been
were--been
became—
become
cut-cut
did--done
flew--flown
went--gone
kept--kept
ran--run
write
drive
come
buy
bring
take
make
sit
feed
wrote--written
drove--driven
came--come
bought--bought
brought--brought
took--taken
made--made
sat--sat
fed--fed
完成时的标志: already 和 yet的用法
already 已经 肯定句中或句末
yet 已经,还 疑问和否定句末
我已经找到了我的尺子。
I have ________ found my ruler.
I have found my ruler________ .
否定句:I haven’t found my ruler______.
一般疑问句:Have you found your ruler ____?
already
already
yet
yet
整个句子汉译成“已经”、“过”、“了”等, 常与时间副词 ever, never, recently, so far, just,still, before, in the last five years等连用。例如:
① I have never heard of that before.
② Have you ever ridden a horse?
③ I’ve just lost my math book.
时间状语和标志词
1.我已经看过这部电影。
I _______ __________ _______the film.
2.你已经浇过花了吗?
______ you the flowers______?
3.他刚刚完成了家庭作业。
He ____ _____ _________his homework.
4.我们曾经去过五仙山。
We ______ ______ _______to the Wuxian Hills.
5.李雷从不抽烟。
Li Lei _____ _____ _______.
have
seen
Have
have
watered
finished
been
smoked
has
has
already
yet
just
ever
never
注意:句中谓语动词要用
延续性动词
和一段时间状语或从句连用:
一段时间的表达方法有两种:
1) for + 一段时间
I ____________English______________.
我学英语已经两年了。
for a year
for two weeks
for three years
for two years
have studied
过去的某一时刻
一段时间+ago
一般过去时
2) since +
They _______