专题19 非谓语动词（doing; todo; done) - 【中职专用】中职高考英语语法专题复习（通用） 

专题19 非谓语动词（doing; done; to do） 【学习目标】 1.能区分非谓语动词doing; done; to do的不同形式及用法； 2.能在题目中正确运用。 【探究活动】 在英语中，不能作句子谓语，而是担当其它语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有三种形式： doing ; to do 和done 一、动词-ing 动词-ing在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语和状语 1. 动词-ing作主语 1) 动词-ing作主语时，可以直接放在句首。谓语动词常常用单数，但表示多于一个的概念时，谓语动词则用复数。 Typing is my favorite job. Dancing and skating are my hobbies. 2) 动词-ing短语作主语时，有时用it作形式主语，常用于It is no good/use+动词-ing结构中。 It is no use talking too much. 2. 动词－ing形式作宾语 We must avoid making the same mistakes again. We should protect the rivers and lakes from being polluted. 【注意】(1)以下短语中to都是介词，其后跟动词-ing be used to 习惯于 object to 反对 devote oneself to 致力于stick to 坚持 pay attention to 注意 look forward to 期盼 adapt to=adjust to 适应 contribute to 有助于 be addicted to 对…上瘾 (2)以下动词及短语常跟动词－ing形式作宾语 mind, enjoy, avoid, miss, practice, advise, suggest, consider, keep, allow, risk(冒险), finish, quit(放弃), give up, feel like, can’t help, what/how about, have difficulty(in), be worth, be busy. 如：The book is worth reading. 3. 动词－ing 形式作表语 (作表语不表示正在进行) My favorite sport is playing football. 4. 动词－ing形式作宾补 现在分词作宾语补足语的动词(短语)有： have, keep, get, leave, feel, find, listen to, hear, see, watch, look at, observe, notice. She found a book lying on the ground. Don’t keep water running. 5. 动词－ing形式作定语 (1)单个的动词－ing形式作定语，放在被修饰词之前。 正在进行：falling leaves 正在落下的树叶 developing countries 发展中国家 boiling water 沸水 用途和性能： a swimming pool 游泳池 a reading room 阅览室 (2)动词－ing形式短语作定语，要放在被修饰词之后。 Do you know the lady sitting at the desk. 6. 动词－ing形式作状语 Walking in the street, I met with an old friend of mine. Studying hard, you will succeed. The boy came into the classroom, following his teacher. She went out, leaving her baby by itself. 二、动词不定式（to do） 动词不定式在句子中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语 1. 不定式作主语 1) 动词不定式短语作主语时，视为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数。 如：To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 2) 不定式短语作主语时，为了考虑句子的平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的不定式主语放在句子后面。常用it 作形式主语的句型结构： ①It+is/ was+adj. (+for/of sb.)+to do sth It’s very important for us to learn English well. It’s foolish of you to gi