2024年湖南中考复习 人教版化学 第十单元 第1课时　常见的酸和碱

第十单元　酸和碱 第1课时　常见的酸和碱 知识清单·理脉络 【常考化学方程式集锦】 (1)物质与酸的反应  请写出图中涉及的化学方程式(合理即可) ①_______________________、________________________ ②______________________、_______________________ ③_________________________、___________________________ ④___________________________、________________________________ ⑤____________________________ Zn+2HCl===ZnCl2+H2↑ Zn+H2SO4===ZnSO4+H2↑ Fe+2HCl===FeCl2+H2↑ Fe+H2SO4===FeSO4+H2↑ CuO+2HCl===CuCl2+H2O CuO+H2SO4===CuSO4+H2O Fe2O3+6HCl===2FeCl3+3H2O Fe2O3+3H2SO4===Fe2(SO4)3+3H2O AgNO3+HCl===AgCl↓+HNO3 ⑥_____________________________ ⑦_________________________________ ⑧____________________________________________________________________ ⑨__________________________________、___________________________________ ⑪______________________________________________________________ H2SO4+BaCl2===BaSO4↓+2HCl Ba(NO3)2+H2SO4===BaSO4↓+2HNO3 2HCl+CaCO3===CaCl2+H2O+CO2↑(或CaCO3+H2SO4===CaSO4+H2O+CO2↑) Na2CO3+2HCl===2NaCl+H2O+CO2↑ Na2CO3+H2SO4===Na2SO4+H2O+CO2↑ Ca(OH)2+2HCl===CaCl2+2H2O[或Ca(OH)2+H2SO4===CaSO4+2H2O] (2)物质与碱的反应 请写出图中涉及的化学方程式(合理即可) ①____________________________、_____________________________ ②___________________________、____________________________ ③_______________________________________________________________________ ④______________________________________________________________________ ⑤_____________________________________________________________________ ⑥___________________________________ ⑦_________________________、_____________________________ ⑧_______________________________________________________________ CO2+2NaOH===Na2CO3+H2O CO2+Ca(OH)2===CaCO3↓+H2O SO2+2NaOH===Na2SO3+H2O SO2+Ca(OH)2===CaSO3+H2O 2NaOH+CuSO4===Cu(OH)2↓+Na2SO4[或Ca(OH)2+CuSO4===CaSO4+Cu(OH)2↓] FeCl3+3NaOH===Fe(OH)3↓+3NaCl[或3Ca(OH)2+2FeCl3===2Fe(OH)3↓+3CaCl2] 2NaOH+MgCl2===Mg(OH)2↓+2NaCl[或Ca(OH)2+MgCl2===Mg(OH)2↓+CaCl2] Ca(OH)2+Na2CO3===CaCO3↓+2NaOH NaOH+HCl===NaCl+H2O Ca(OH)2+2HCl===CaCl2+2H2O 2NaOH+H2SO4===Na2SO4+2H2O[或Ca(OH)2+H2SO4===CaSO4+2H2O] 一、常见的酸 二、酸的化学性质 三、常见的碱 四、碱的化学性质 【总