内容正文:
宾语从句
(一) 什么是宾语
宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。
(二) 宾语从句的定义
宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。主句是复合句的主体,从句仅仅是主句的一个成分,它从属于主句,不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么成分,就叫什么从句。宾语从句当中的从句在句中作及物动词(vt.)的宾语,或介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语。
根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句分为三类:动词宾语从句,介词宾语从句和形容词宾语从句。
I wonder when he will come. 动宾从句
He was angry at what she said. 介宾从句
I am not sure whether it’s right or not. 形容词+宾从句
(三)宾语从句三要素
宾语从句三要素分别是:语序、时态和连接词
1. 宾语从句语序
宾语从句均用陈述语序(即正常的主谓语序):连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分。
强调一下,它的主语和谓语是陈述句的语序,不是疑问句的倒装语序。
I wonder when he will come.
特殊情况:当连接词在从句中担当主语时,保持原有语序不变。
I wonder what is the matter with him. 连接词what/who在从句中担当主语成分,
what is wrong with it. 从句保持原有的特殊疑问句语序不变
who is your teacher.
从句中的主语
【例题】
--I wonder ________ at 6:00 yesterday afternoon.
--I was doing my homework in the reading room
A. what were you doing B. what did you do
C. what you were doing D. what you are doing
答案:C
2. 宾语从句的时态
含宾语从句的复合句,主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容:
①主现从不限
如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词可根据需要,选用相应的任何时态。
I don't know when he will come back. 我不知道他将何时回来。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday. 他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
②主过从过
如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要,选用过去的某种时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时)。
⑴ 主句与从句的动作同时发生,从句用过去进行时或一般过去时
She said that she was working on the Internet.
⑵ 从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前,从句用过去完成时
He didn’t know what they had come here for.
⑶ 从句的动作发生在主句的动作之后,从句用过去将来时
Jim told me he would spend his holidays in the south.
③从现主补限
如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句用什么时态,从句时态都用一般现在时。
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. 科学家已经证明了地球围绕太阳运转。
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. 我们的老师说一月是一年的第一个月。
【例题】
1.We are sure that he ______________ (go) to school tomorrow.
2.Our father said that he ________(will) buy a new computer.
3.I heard that he________(swim) in the sea yesterday.
4.I asked if he_______ (can) hike to the top of the mountain.
答案:will go; would; swam; could
3. 宾语从句连接词
连词
连接代词pron.
连接副词adv.
宾语从句
that
whether
i