2024年一轮复习中职英语语法专项知识导学案：虚拟语气

语法专项知识清单：虚拟语气 一、英语语句的三种语气: 1.陈述语气:用来陈述事实，有肯定、否定、疑问、感叹形式（正常使用动词时态） eg.I have enough money ,so I’ll go for a trip next year. What a clever girl! 2.祈使语气：用来表示请求，邀请，命令，警告或劝告等。 (动词原形) eg.Let me help you. Please keep quiet in the reading room. 3.虚拟语气：用来表示不是事实或不可能发生，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。（谓语动词的特殊形式） eg.If I were a boy,I would turn off my telephone. I wish you were here. 2、 虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法 （1） 虚拟条件句VS真实条件句 1.真实条件句：主将从现 Eg.If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.如果明天下雨，我就待在家里。 2.虚拟条件句：改变谓语动词时态 Eg.If I were you, I would reconsider their advice.如果我是你的话，我会重新考虑他们的意见。 （二）虚拟条件句的常见形式 假设类型 从句 主句 虚拟过去  If+主语+had done would/could/might/should+ have done 虚拟现在  If+主语+did/（be用were） would/could/might/should+ do 虚拟将来 If+主语+did/（be用were） If+主语+were to +do If+主语+ should+do would/could/might/should+ do 口诀：从句时态往前推；主句4+1，将来同现在。 eg. If it had not rained so hard yesterday,we could have played tennis. 如果昨天没有下大雨，我们就能玩网球了。（虚拟过去） eg. If I were in your position,I would marry her. 如果我是你，我就娶她为妻。（虚拟现在） eg. If you should miss the chance,you would feel sorry for it. 如果你错过了这次机会，你会难过的。（虚拟将来） （三）虚拟条件句的“三装” 1.“倒装”——省略if虚拟语气 虚拟条件句中，如果有were，should 或助动词had时，可以省略if而把 were,should或助动词had移到主语之前形成部分倒装 。 Eg.If I were you, I would refuse the money. =Were I you, I would refuse the money. 2.“混装”——混合时间的虚拟 有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生时间不一致，这时主从句的动词形式要根据它所表示的具体时间来确定。 Eg. If you had listened to the teacher carefully yesterday(过去）, you would know how to do the exercise now（现在）. If I were you（现在）, I would have gone to the theatre（过去）. 3.“伪装”——含蓄条件句 有时假设的条件并不以if 条件从句的形式出现，而是隐含在某些介词短语 或上下文表达出来，这时主句仍要用相应的虚拟结构. if的“伪装”有：without（没有）、but for(要不是）、otherwise（不然，or（否则）等 eg. She would have failed without your advice. But for the safe-belt, he wouldn’t be alive today. 三、名词性从句中的虚拟语气 1.一些表“决定、主张、命令、建议、要求”的词或其派生词引导的名词性从句（主从、宾从、表从、同位语从句）要使用虚拟语气。即从句中的动词使用should + 动词原形。should 可省略。这些词有：insist（一主张）,order/command（二命令），suggest/advise/proposal（三建议），request/require/ask/demand（四要求）等 eg.We suggest that you (should) be