内容正文:
Unit 3 Conservation
Grammar Focus
Grammar—Relative clauses (IV)
定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句修饰名词或代词,表明所修饰的是哪个人或物。 非限制性定语从句提供句子意义以外的额外信息。
限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确。 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思。
限制性定语从句与主句之间,无需用逗号分开。 非限制性定语从句与主句之间,通常用逗号分开;如非限定性定语从句位于句子中间,其前后都需要用逗号隔开。
Relative Clauses
限制性定语从句(defining)
是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语, 如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切, 写时不用逗号分开。
I was the only person who was invited in my office.
The man who came here yesterday has come again.
非限制性定语从句(non-defining)
和主句关系不很密切,只是对先行词作些附加说明, 如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句, 写时往往逗号分开。
Jenny, with whom I played table tennis
yesterday, lives in my next room.
That is Mr. Wang, whose daughter teaches English at a middle school.
注意:引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that,指人时用who(主语), whom(宾语),指物时须用which。
Summary
Summary
定
语
从
句
的
引
导
词
关系
代词
关系
副词
指人
who (主语、宾语), whom (宾语),
that (主语、宾语), whose (定语)
指物
that (主语、宾语), which (主语、宾语)
whose (定语)
where (地点状语)
when (时间状语)
why (原因状语)
限制性定语从句由that引导时,先行词可以是人,也可以是物;
非限制性定语从句不能用that引导。
在限制性定语从句中,引导词who/whom/which/that在从句中作宾语时可以省略。
在非限制性定语从句中,即使引导词who/whom/which在从句中作宾语,也不能省略。
例如:This morning I met Chris, whom/who I hadn’t seen for ages.(whom/who不能省略)
在which引导的非限制性定语从句中,which可以指代前面整个句子的情况。
例如:Joe got the job, which surprised everybody.
当非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句时,其关系代词可以用as和which,但位于句首不能用which,只能用as。例如:As I expected, he didn’t believe me.
Grammar—Relative clauses (IV)
要点
Grammar—Relative clauses (IV)
Study the following examples.
Defining
relative clauses
Non-defining relative clauses
6
对比
Grammar—Relative clauses (IV)
限制性
定语从句
非限制性定语从句
7
Practice
Underline the relative clauses in the sentences and decide if they are defining (D) or non-defining (ND). Translate them into Chinese.
( ) 1 He went to a city where iron was produced in huge quantities.
( ) 2 The bus which was full of tourists stopped near the Leaning Tower
of Pisa.
( ) 3 Melissa lent me some money, which was very generous of her.
( ) 4 The ground is covered with sn