Unit 2 短语句法讲解 2023-2024学年人教版英语八年级下册

Book 8B Unit 2 --Volunteering and Charity ( offer help)短语句法讲解 1. 重点短语区分 (1) 【关于up的短语:向上；朝着某个方向或者动作发展】 1) put up：张贴；举起 2) cheer up：使高兴起来；振奋起来 3) look up：查阅（字典等） 4) grow up：长大 5) look up to：崇拜；钦佩 6) fix up：修理；装饰 7) set up：建立；建设 8) show up：露面，出现 9) make up：编造；化妆 10) give up：放弃 (2) 【关于off的短语：离开，移开；去除某物】 put off 推迟 kick off：踢走 take off：起飞；脱掉（衣服） get off：下车 pay off：还清 (3) give out：分发；散发 hand out：分发 give away：赠送；捐赠 come up with：想出；提出（主意、计划等 2. 不定式 1) 不定式：to do 做非谓语，表示不确定，未发生，将来，打算，一次性 （动名词：doing 做非谓语，兼有动词和名词特征，表示确定，已发生，长期，稳定，习惯） 2) 不定式可以做的句法成分： 1　 做主语（注意形式主语的情况） eg: To learn English is not easy for me. eg: It is important for us to learn English. (it做形式主语） 2　 做表语 eg: Our duty is to help children grow better 3　 做宾语（涉及到记忆哪些动词接to do，哪些动词接doing; 形式宾语） eg:At last, Tom decided to watch TV tonight. eg: I find it very important to learn English. 4　 做宾语补足语 eg:I ask him to hand in the homework before the class. 5　 做定语： eg: She is always the first to come to school. 6　 作状语： eg: I work hard to get good grades. 7　 疑问词+不定式也可以做相应的句子成分 eg: I don’t know how to drive a car. 3. 动词短语( verb phrase)与短语动词(phrasal verb) 动词短语：A verb phrase is simply more than one word which represents a verb 短语动词：Phrasal verbs are a specific type of verb phrase which use a verb and one or two adverbs to change the meaning of the main verb significantly. 4.1练习1：用所学的短语动词适当形式填空 (1) Someone is posters. Go and see what's on it. (2) I believe that you can a good solution to this problem. (3) Peter at once when their football team won the match. (4) The Spring Festival is coming. Let’s our house today. (5) Did you these advertisements（广告）at a local supermarket? (6) I_________ some of my books to the poor children. (7) Don’t____________ what you should do today till tomorrow. (8) I ______________ my parents when I came to the city of New York. (9) They decide to______ a new school in that village. (10) The plane ______ on time in spite of f