内容正文:
Section B 3a—Self Check
Unit 13 We're trying to save the earth!
英语人教版 九年级全册
构词法
►点拨 英语中有很多单词的构成是有规律的,掌握单词的构成规律有助于理解和记忆词汇。本课时主要学习了派生法,即在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词。加在单词前面的词缀叫前缀,加在单词后面的叫后缀。
语言知识
1.前缀
前缀 含义 例子
un-, dis-, in-, im- 不;非,表示否定 unhappy, disagree, incorrect, impolite
bi- 两个、双边的 bicycle
re- 又;再;重新 recycle, reuse, retell
inter- 相互、交叉、在一起 international, interview, Internet
self- 自己,本身 self-confident, self-control
under- 在……下面 underline, underground
tele- 远 telephone, television
2.后缀
类别 后缀及含义 例子
名词
后缀 -er, -or, “从事某种职业的人” farmer, teacher, visitor, actor
-ese, -ian “某国/大陆的人” Chinese, Japanese, Asian, Russian
-ist “人” scientist, tourist, artist, pianist
-ment “行为或其状态” movement, achievement
-ness “性质,状态” illness, sadness, carelessness
-tion “表示动作、状态” invention, invitation, translation
-ance/ence “行为、性质、状态” importance, appearance
-th “性质、情况” depth, warmth, truth
形容词
后缀 -ful “充满……的” careful, hopeful, successful
-less “没有的” careless, hopeless, homeless, helpless
-able “能……的” changeable, comfortable
-y “有……特性的” sunny, windy, snowy, healthy
-al “与……有关的” traditional, international, natural
-ing, -ed, -ive relaxing, relaxed, interesting, interested, active, creative
副词后缀 -ly “方式,程度” freely, truly, angrily, sadly, strongly, busily
拓展 其他常见的构词法
1.合成法:由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词,这种构词法叫做合成法,合成的词叫做合成词。如:outside, sunrise, blackboard, newspaper, homework, housework, upside, everywhere, without等。
2.转化法:一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性,而词形不变,单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。
转化方式 例子
动词→名词 stop v.停止→n.车站 look v.看→have a look n.看
watch v.观看→n.手表 walk v.散步,走→take a walk n.散步
名词→动词 hand n.手→v.上交 show n.展示;秀→v.展示;上映 water n.水→v.给……浇水
形容词→动词 open adj.开着的→open v.打开 clean adj.清洁的→clean v.打扫
1.Many poets and artists have drawn their __________(inspire) from nature.
2.With the _____________(develop) of the society, more and more people devote their energy to charity.
3.(2022云南中考)Tourists can see many westernstyle __________(build) in Shanghai Disneyland.
4.(2022百色中考)It's such an exciti